2. DEFINITION:
THE SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
THAT ATTEMPTS TO
UNDERSTAND AND EXPLAIN
HOW THE THOUGHTS,
FEELINGS, AND BEHAVIOR OF
INDIVIDUALS ARE INFLUENCE
BY THE ACTUAL, IMAGINED,
OR IMPLIED PRESENCE OF
OTHERS.

3. 1. INTRODUCTIO
N TO SOCIAL
PSYCHOLOGY
2. CULTURE AND
NATURE
3. THE SELF
4. CHOICES AND
ACTIONS: THE
SELF IN
CONTROL
5. SOCIAL
COGNITION
6. ATTITUDES
AAND
BEHAVIOR
7. SOCIAL
INFLUENCE
AND
PROACTIVE
BEHAVIORS
8. PREJUDICE
COURSE CONTENT

4. 9. AGRESSION
AND
ANTISOCIAL
BEHAVIOR
10.ROLE OF
MEDIA IN
SOCIAL
BEHAVIOR
11. ATTRACTION
AND LOVE
12. GROUPS
13, THE FILIPINO
FAMILY
COURSE CONTENT:

5. 1. CULTURE AND
NATURE:
- Essential Question:
What ultimately
shapes our behavior?
Topics of Study:
Genetics and
Evolutionary
Psychology
Parents, Peers and
Culture
Gender
 Nature v. Nurture
1. “Like father like son.”
2. “You can’t teach an
old dog new tricks.”
6. “Boys will be boys.”
7. “You are what you
eat.”
8. “Blood will tell.”
9. “All men are created
equal.”

6. FRATERNAL VS. IDENTICAL
■ Fraternal / Identical twin study findings- provide
specifics for the following:
Alzheimer’s
Identical =60% / Fraternal=30%
Extraversion / neuroticism
Identical more similar than fraternal
Divorce rates
Identical x5.5 vs. fraternal x1.6
Schizophrenia
50, 10, 3, 1 (identical, fraternal, sibling, stranger)
■ What are the limitations of these studies?
Genetics or environment? How do we differentiate?

7. BELYAEV’S EXPERIMENT
■ 30 males, 100 females
■ Tamest 5% M, 20% F
■ 30 generations
■ Complete domestication
■ Now sold as house pets
■ Implications?
■ When certain traits are selected that give a reproductive
advantage, those traits will prevail

9. SELFIE

10. CONTENT DISCOURSE
Who Makes the self: The Individual or
Society?
Looking Glass Self
Self perception
Self and Information Processing
Self Esteem and Self Deception
Spotlights and Illusions
Self Presentation/Impression Management.

11. THE SELF
What are selves for?
The Structure and function
questions are often related,
because selves like cars, trees,
leaves, forks, abredors and etc.
Are structured to have a
function.
Plus, to connect with many
other people

12. THREE PARTS OF THE SELF
Self Knowledge/
Self Concept
Agent Self
Interpersonal
Self/ Public
Self

13. Who makes the
SelfIndividual or Society?
The importance of Society is hard to
deny; in fact, if you grew up on a
deserted island and never met other
human beings, you might hardly
have a self.
But then again, even without
meeting other human beings, a
person might still have a conception
of self as a body separate from its
environment
Dropping of stone from foot to tree

14. LOOKING OUTSIDE: THE LOOKING GLASS
Charles Horton
Cooley
“ People Learn
themselves from others”
Such knowledge on
oneself comes from
Praises which gives us
an idea how other
people perceive us.

15. 3. CHOICES AND
ACTIONS/BEHAVIOR
CONTROL: THE SELF IN
CONTROL

16. WHAT YOU DO AND WHAT IT MEANS
- Behavior doesn’t automatically or inevitably follow
internal processes such as thoughts and feelings.
- Human behavior depends on meaning.
- Inner processes such as thoughts, feelings, and
motivations serve interpersonal functions.
- Imagining something makes it more likely to happen.
- Behavior can be described at many different levels of
meaning- for ex. , from a moving pen to writing a pulitzer
Prize- winning book.

17. GOALS
- Goals and ideas of some desired future state and are the meaningful
link between values and actions.
- Goals tell you what to do in order to pursue and uphold your values,
and setting and pursuing goals is a vital job of the self.
- Setting goals includes choosing among possible goals and evaluating
their feasibility and desirability.
- Pursuing goals includes planning and carrying out the behaviors to
reach goals.
- People have goal hierarchies; some goals are long term and some are
short term.
- People’s plan tend to be overly optimistic, especially over a long time
span.

18. Long term goals
1. Professional
deevelopment
2. Own a house
3. Travel to other
countries
4. Reach the
target body
figure
Short Term Goals
1. Finish lesson
plan by
Monday
2. Have a haircut
3. Clean the
house
TYPES OF GOALS

19. FREEDOM AND CHOICE
- Making a choice is typically a two-step process involving whittling
many choices down to a few and then doing a careful comparison of
those few.
- Risk aversion refers to the finding that people are more affected by
possible losses than by possible gains.
- Temporal discounting refers to the finding that the present is more
important than the future something liles, the less innfluence it has on
the decision.
- The certainty effect refers to the tendency to place more emphasis on
definite outcomes than on odds and probabilities.
- People may prefer to postpone hard decisions and keep their options
open as long as possible.
- The status quo bias is a preference to keep things the way they are
rather than change.

20. SELF-REGULATION
- Self-regulation or self-control refers to the self ‘s capacity to alter its
own responses. It is essential for cultural animals to adapt to many
different demands.
- Routinary works
- Example: The teacher reminds the students of their daily tasks in the
classroom and supervises them while they are doing it. Self regulation
comes in when the teacher assigns group leaders and have their own
way of leading their group to finish their goals.

21. IRRATIONALITY AND SELF DESTRUCTION
Self-defeating behavior is defined as any action by which people bring
failure, suffering or misfortune on themselves.
People engage in self-defeating behavior because they are making
tradeoffs or becaue they are using ineffective strategies, but not usually
because they were directly seeking future.
The capacity to delay gratification is the ability to make short-term
sacrifices in order to get long term rewards.
Example: studying masteral degrees instead of enjoying the
weekends...after graduation...a long term reward of advancement in
knowledge, and higher position or aid for promotion.
Suicidal people focus on the immediate present at a time when present
circumstances may be changing for the worse.

22. Is the study of any
sort of thinking
by people about
people and
about social
relationships.

23. DEFINITION
- The human mind is designed to participate in society, and this means
its primary job is dealing with other people .
- There are atleast three (3) main goals that guide how people think:
- * Find the right answer to some problem or question.
- * Reach a particular, preferred conclusion.
- * Reach a pretty good answer or decision quickly.

24. ATTRIBUTIONS: WHY DID THAT HAPPEN?
ATTRIBUTIONS - are the inferences people make about
events in their lives.
Internal, stable attributions involve ability; internal, unstable
attributions involve effort; external, stable attributions
point to the difficulty of the task; and external, unstable
attributions involve luck.

25. HEURISTICS: MENTAL SHORTCUTS
- Heuristics are mental shortcuts –or rules of thumb.
- The representativeness heuristic is the tendency to judge the frequency
or likelihood of an event by the extent to which it resembles the typical
case.
- The availability heuristic is the tendency to judge the frequency or
likelihood of an event by the ease with which relevant instances come
to mind.
- The simulation heuristic is the tendency to judge the frequency or
likelihood of an event by the ease with which you can imagine (or
mentally simulate) an event.
- The anchoring and adjustment heuristic suggest that when people
estimate how frequent or likely an event is, they use a starting point (
called an anchoe) and then make adjustments up and down from this
starting point.

26. ERRORS AND BIASES
- Information overload is the state of having too much information to
make a decision or remained informed about a topic.
- Estimation and shifting criteria can result in biased counts of sexual
partners.
- People generally have access to two types of information:
- * Statistical information from a large number of people
- * Case history information from a small number of people.
- People generally pay the most attention to case history information.

27. EXAMPLE:
Men are prefered to be hired in
construction firms than women.

29. WHAT ARE ATTITUDES AND WHY DO PEOPLE HAVE
THEM?
Beliefs are pieces of information, facts or opinions; attitudes are broad
evaluations (liking or disliking) toward some object or issue.
Implicit attitudes are automatic, nonconscious, evaluative responses;
explicit attitudes are controlled, conscious, evaluative resonses.
Dual attitudes refer to having different, competing attitudes, one conscious
and the other in the nonconscious or automatic part of the mind.
People may not be aware of all their own attitudes.
Attitudes help deal with the complex social world. People need far more
attitudes than most animals.
Attitudes are tremendously helpful in making choices. Possessing an
attitude increases the ease, speed ,and quality of decision making.

30. DO ATTITUDES REALLY PREDICT BEHAVIORS?
- Men’s general attitudes predict their sexual behavior much better than
women’s.
- Attitudes predict behavior best if any or all of the following conditions
are met:
- * Attitude measures are very specific.
- * Behaviors are aggregated across time and different situations.
- * Attitudes are consciously prominent and influence how the person
thinks about the choices he or she faces.
- Attitudes are highly accessible

31. -

32. TWO TYPES OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE

33. PERSUASION

34. WHAT IS PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR?
- It involves doing good for others or society; it builds relationships and
allows society to function
- Obeying rules, conforming to norms, cooperating and helping are all
forms of prosocial behavior.
- Public circumstances generally promote prosocial behavior. That is,
people behave better when others are watching and know who they are.
- Reciprocity is the obligation to return in kind what another has done for
us.
- Equity means that each person receives benefits in proportion to what
he or she did. Equality means that everyone gets the same amount,
regardless of performance.

36. DEFINITION
- An unfair feeling or dislike for a prson or group because of race, sex,
religion, etc.
- An irrational attitude of hostility directed against an individual, group, a
race, or their supposed characteristics.
- Is a negative feeling or attitude toward an individual based solely in his
or her membership in a particular group.

37. COMMON PREJUDICE AND TARGETS

38. WHY PREJUDICE EXIST

40. INNER CAUSES
OF AGRESSION -
the closer you
are to a goal, the
more frustrating
it is when
someone
interferes with
your progress.
OTHER
ANTISOCIAL
BEHAVIOR
- cheating,
stealing, and
littering
8. AGRESSION AND ANTI SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

41. DEFINING AGRESSION AND ANTISOCIAL
BEHAVIOR

43. STERNBERG (1986): LOVE THREE
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS
 INTIMACY