The document introduces fractions and their key components. It explains that a fraction represents a part of a whole and is written with a numerator over a denominator. The numerator indicates the part being used, and the denominator indicates how many equal parts make up the whole. Examples of fractions represented on number lines and circles are provided, including 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, 6/7, and 5/9. Mixed numbers containing both a whole number and fractional part are also introduced, with the example given of 1 1/5.