10. The Rise of Earth System Science Powerful computers and computer programs called Geographic Information Systems (GIS) help scientists to interpret great amounts of data, and see how Earth changes over time. What is GIS and how does it tie everything together?
20. We will study the three (3) rock types composing the earth: 1. Igneous - related to molten rock 2. Sedimentary - layers of eroded particles and sediments 3. Metamorphic - rock resulting from pre-existing igneous or sedimentary rock that has undergone a change by pressure and/or temperature changes. The interaction between the three (3) rock types is referred to as the Rock Cycle . Rocks and the Rock Cycle
26. The Earth System’s Four Spheres Atmosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere
27.
28.
29. Key Terminology Geology Oceanography Meteorology Astronomy Hydrosphere Atmosphere Lithosphere Biosphere Ozone Continental crust Oceanic crust Mantle Magma Lava Outer core Inner core Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocks Scientific Method Rock cycle System Earth System Science Hypothesis
Hinweis der Redaktion
Examples include an architect building a small model, a scientist creating a globe or map to show physical features of the Earth, or a scientist showing how something works (especially when something is too large or too small to observe directly).
Minerals, such as iron and copper, are mined from the geosphere. The stone and concrete used in building materials comes from the geosphere. Things are constantly changing: volcanoes erupt and form new land, mountains are uplifted and then erode, and Earth’s continents are in slow but constant motion.
Most of Earth’s water is salty, only about 3% is fresh water, and about 70% of that is frozen in the form of glacial ice. Fresh water comes from groundwater, lakes, rivers, soil moisture, and water vapor. The water you drank this morning may have irrigated a field last year, flowed through aqueducts during the time of the Roman Empire, or washed around the feet of a dinosaur standing at a river’s edge millions of years ago.
The four spheres: the atmosphere, the geosphere, the hydrosphere, and the biosphere. These interact continuously, each affecting the others.