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Dr C M Kamaal MD DCH
Pediatrician and Clinical Pharmacologist
COMPETENCY No PH 3.8 (PRACTICAL PHARMACOLOGY FOR MBBS)
Associate Professor
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
SMMH Govt Medical College Saharanpur
Communicate effectively on proper use of prescribed medication
1
OBJECTIVES OF PRACTICAL CLASS
At the end of the session shall be able to:
• An overview of communication skills in medical practice
• Realizing the importance of effective communication in achieving optimal drug use.
• Identify that effective communication is directly related to patient compliance.
• Comprehend the dynamics of effective communication during a consultation.
• Learning the communication skills related to use of medication in clinical practice
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 2 of 41
Communication skills in Pharmacology & therapeutics
Effective doctor-patient communication is in the core of building a
therapeutic doctor-patient relationship, as well as therapeutic
outcome.
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
3
Clinical skills viewed as worthless without communication skills
Communication skills in Pharmacology & therapeutics
4
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
Developing communication skills are now a part of newer medical
curriculum in as per Competency based medical curriculum.
Communication skills in Pharmacology & therapeutics
Communicate effectively with a patient on the
proper use of prescribed medication
COMPETENCY No PH3.8 PRACTICAL PHARMACOLOGY FOR MBBS
5
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
Purposes of Doctor - Patient Communication
1. Creating a good inter-personal relationship - must
show .empathy, respect, genuineness, unconditional
acceptance and warmth.
2. Exchanging information - Consists of information-
giving (patient) and information seeking (doctor)
3. Making treatment - related decisions. - Consists of
information-giving (patient) and information seeking
(doctor). Doctor also gives information regarding
drugs, disease, life-style changes.
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
6 of 41
Paternalistic approach' where the doctor directs care and makes decisions about
treatment has been replaced by the ideal of `shared decision making'.
Good communication between doctors and patients decreases the chance of
dissatisfaction with professional services, even with failed therapy, and the
likelihood of litigation.
7
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
Communication skills
• Communication skills need to be taught and learned
• Can be both learned and retained; it is not just a personality trait
• Experience alone can be a poor teacher
• Needs to be taught with the same rigour as other core skills, such
as the physical examination
• Shifts in medical practice to amplify the need for even
experienced doctors to continually enhance communication skills
Highlights
8
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
Advantage of effective communication
• Greater symptom improvement
• Increased Patient Doctor satisfaction
• Better adherence to treatment
• Fewer medication errors
• Better compliance to drug administration
• Reduction of diagnostic testing and referrals
• Improved compliance to drugs
• Better follow up
• Lesser complains against doctors
• Decreased litigation cases
9Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
The communication and interpersonal skills are of
measurable and modifiable behaviours that can
evolve.
10
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
11 of 41
Four factors in communication
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
Four factors in communication
Communication skills related to
pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M
Kamaal
12 of 41
1. Doctor
2. Patient
3. Atmosphere
4. Message
Communication skills related to
pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M
Kamaal
13
Communication skills related to
pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M
Kamaal
14
Purposes of Doctor - Patient Communication
• Creating a good inter-personal relationship - must show empathy,
respect, genuineness, unconditional acceptance and warmth.
• Exchanging information Consists of information-giving (patient)
and information seeking (doctor)
• Making treatment - related decisions. - Consists of information-
giving (patient) and information seeking (doctor). Doctor also gives
information regarding drugs, disease, life-style change
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 15
Good communication habits
• Environment
• Initial greeting (friendly & helpful way)
• Seating - conducive.
• Body posture/body language
• Maintain eye contact
• Good listening/warmth
• Effective questioning
• Interruption & facilitation where needed
• End of interview
16Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 17
Nonverbal communication/Body language
More human communication can takes place by use of gesture,
postures, position and distances
Communication skills related to
pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M
Kamaal
18 of 41
Empathy in communication skills
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 19 of 41
PHASES OF CONSULTATION/COOMUNICATION
1 Establishment of rapport
2 Diagnostic phase
(Establishment of diagnosis)
• the history
• the physical and mental examination
• investigations
explanation and education
3 Management phase
(Medications/procedure/follow up)
• explanation and education
• prescribing medication
• procedural—therapeutic or extended diagnostic
• referral
• follow-up
Communication skills related to
pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M
Kamaal
20 of 41
Rapport establishing techniques
• Greet the patient with a friendly interested manner.
• Treat the patient with respect and courtesy.
• Greet the patient by his or her preferred name.
• Make the patient feel comfortable.
• Be ‘unhurried’ and relaxed.
• Be well briefed about prior consultations.
• Focus firmly on the patient.
• Listen carefully and appropriately.
• Make appropriate reassuring gestures.
• Start with: ‘What would you like to tell me?’ or ‘How
can I help you?’
21Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
Questioning effectively
• Use a tone of voice that shows interest, concern and friendliness.
• Don’t ask too many questions that can be answered with a “yes” or
“no”.
• Ask questions that encourage patients to say more e.g., "How can I
help you?" "What have you heard about...?“
• Ask the same question in different ways if you think the patient
has not understood.
• Ask only one question at a time and wait for an answer.
22
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
Interpreting body language
Communication skills related to
pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M
Kamaal
23
Communications skills in medical practice
Communication skills related to
pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M
Kamaal
24
Barriers in communication
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 25
Barriers in communications
Waiting room
 Poor physical layout
 Too much waiting time for consultation
Time pressure
 ‘Traffic level’
 Busy OPD
 Noisy atmosphere in and around consultation room
 Sense of urgency
Physical factors
 Large size table/desk -barrier
 Physician attire
 Inappropriate layout
 Poor record system
 Substandard examination couch
Privacy
 Dressing/undressing
 Presence of opposite sex physician/assistant (eg. Gynae Obs)
 Sound interruptions -telephone
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
26
Tips to improve communication in therapeutics
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 27
Use of diagram/video to explain Asthma
Checking empty blister package on follow up
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 28
Tips to improve communication in therapeutics
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
29
Demonstrating the of use of device (eg. metered dose inhaler)
Tips to improve communication in therapeutics
30
Tips to improve communication in therapeutics
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
Drug effect in support of compliance to treatment
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 31
Advice related to life style modification
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
32
1. Brief explanation of disease/condition
2. Name of drug (Brand, generic)
3. Therapeutic effects of drug on disease /condition
4. Medications details (dosage/freq hrly basis/route)
5. How to take (water/milk/juice/curd) chew/do not chew
6. Side effects/food or drug interactions/contraindications
7. What to do if a dose is missed
8. When to stop
9. Food related advice/nondrug advice
10.Follow up instructions/therapeutic adharence
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 33
Communication relevant to therapeutics/pharmacotherapeutics
Advice related to dietary modification
Communication skills related to
pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M
Kamaal
34
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 35
EXCERCISE
A 60 year male patient weighing 56 kg working in tea garden has been diagnosed with
Type -2 Diabetes mellitus and has been put on oral hypoglycemic Metformin (Glycomet
500 SR).
CASE FILE
Communication skills related to
pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M
Kamaal
36
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 37
EXCERCISE
CASE FILE
Description
Glycomet 500 SR is a oral hypoglycemic medications used for the treatment of type 2
diabetes mellitus..
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 38
EXCERCISE
CASE FILE
Describe and demonstrate communication skills important in the
case
1. Brief explanation of disease/condition
2. Name of drug (Brand, generic)
3. Therapeutic effects of drug on disease /condition
4. Medications details (dosage/freq hrly basis/route)
5. How to take (water/milk/juice/curd) chew/do not chew
6. Side effects/food or drug interactions/contraindications
7. What to do if a dose is missed
8. When to stop
9. Food related advice/nondrug advice
10.Follow up instructions/therapeutic adharence
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 39
Communication relevant to therapeutics/pharmacotherapeutics
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 40
EXCERCISE
1) Brief explanation of disease/condition
People with type 2 diabetes are not able to make enough insulin or respond normally to the insulin made
by their bodies. When this happens, the concentration of sugar/glucose increases in the blood.
Glycomet 500 MG Tablet is an effective first choice medicine used to control high blood glucose levels in
patients with type II diabetes.
Glycomet 1gm Tablet SR is an anti-diabetic medication (biguanide). It works by lowering glucose production
in the liver, delaying the absorption of sugar (glucose) from the intestines and increasing the body's
sensitivity to insulin. It also helps body to respond better to the insulin it makes naturally.
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 41
EXCERCISE
CASE FILE
2) Name of drug
(Brand name and generic name)
Brand name : Glycomet 500 SR
Each film coated tablet contains Metformin 500 mg
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 42
EXCERCISE
CASE FILE
3) Therapeutic effect
• Controlling high blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Preventing serious complications of diabetes such as kidney damage and blindness and may
reduce chance of having a heart attack or stroke.
• Helps in controlling weight gain.
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 43
EXCERCISE
CASE FILE
4) Medications details dosage form/route
Once daily oral route
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 44
EXCERCISE
CASE FILE
5) How to take (water)
Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it swallow it with a glass of water.
Prefer taking it in the morning with breakfast
The peak effect of this medicine can be observed within 1-3 hours of administration
can be taken with or after meal Taking Glycomet with meals will reduce its digestive
problems like indigestion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach ache and loss of
appetite..
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 45
EXCERCISE
CASE FILE
6) Side effects/food drug interactions
/contraindications
• In addition Lo general restrictions for use of oral hypoglycaemics, Metformin is
contraindicated in renal insufficiency, because risk of lactic acidosis increases. It should
also not be given in hypotensive states, heart failure, severe respiratory/hepatic
disease, as well as in alcoholics.
• Drugs like cimetidine, furosemide may compete with metformin excretion and enhance
its toxicity
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 46
EXCERCISE
CASE FILE
7) If a dose is missed
If a dose of Glycomet is missed it can be taken take it as soon as possible.
However, if it is almost time for next dose, skip the missed dose and going back
to regular schedule is advisable. Doubling the dose to make up for the missed
one is not recommended
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 47
EXCERCISE
CASE FILE
8) When to stop
Medication may continue for life long
This medication should be taken regularly, at the same time each day, to get the most
benefit and should not stopped unless recommends by doctor
The dose is likely to change over time based on therapeutic response and clinical
condition. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is recommended during treatment
with this medicine. Do not change the dose or duration of use without consulting the
doctor.
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 48
EXCERCISE
9) Food related advice/nondrug advice
It is important to stay on strict diet and exercise program while taking this medicine. Lifestyle plays a big part in
controlling diabetes.
Physical exercise helps lower your blood sugar level. Physical activities and excercises like fast walking climbing
stairs doing more strenuous housework or gardening are advisable
For overweight patient finding a way to lose weight is important as it really improves diabetes management. This
is because it can help to lower blood glucose and reduce risk of other complications.
Foods to eat for a type 2 diabetic diet meal plan include complex carbohydrates such as brown rice, whole wheat,
oatmeal, fruits, vegetables, beans, and lentils. Foods to avoid include simple carbohydrates, which are processed,
such as sugar, pasta, white bread, flour, and cookies, pastries.
Meal plan/weight reduction/Exercise/change in life style/reduce stress
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 49
EXCERCISE
CASE FILE
10) Follow instructions/
therapeutic adharance
Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
50
THANKS
Queries….
9528540756
doc_kam@hotmail.com
Dr C M Kamaal MD DCH
Pediatrician & Clinical Pharmacologist
Associate Professor in Pharmacology

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Communication skills dr c m kamaal

  • 1. Dr C M Kamaal MD DCH Pediatrician and Clinical Pharmacologist COMPETENCY No PH 3.8 (PRACTICAL PHARMACOLOGY FOR MBBS) Associate Professor Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics SMMH Govt Medical College Saharanpur Communicate effectively on proper use of prescribed medication 1
  • 2. OBJECTIVES OF PRACTICAL CLASS At the end of the session shall be able to: • An overview of communication skills in medical practice • Realizing the importance of effective communication in achieving optimal drug use. • Identify that effective communication is directly related to patient compliance. • Comprehend the dynamics of effective communication during a consultation. • Learning the communication skills related to use of medication in clinical practice Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 2 of 41
  • 3. Communication skills in Pharmacology & therapeutics Effective doctor-patient communication is in the core of building a therapeutic doctor-patient relationship, as well as therapeutic outcome. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 3
  • 4. Clinical skills viewed as worthless without communication skills Communication skills in Pharmacology & therapeutics 4 Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
  • 5. Developing communication skills are now a part of newer medical curriculum in as per Competency based medical curriculum. Communication skills in Pharmacology & therapeutics Communicate effectively with a patient on the proper use of prescribed medication COMPETENCY No PH3.8 PRACTICAL PHARMACOLOGY FOR MBBS 5 Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
  • 6. Purposes of Doctor - Patient Communication 1. Creating a good inter-personal relationship - must show .empathy, respect, genuineness, unconditional acceptance and warmth. 2. Exchanging information - Consists of information- giving (patient) and information seeking (doctor) 3. Making treatment - related decisions. - Consists of information-giving (patient) and information seeking (doctor). Doctor also gives information regarding drugs, disease, life-style changes. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 6 of 41 Paternalistic approach' where the doctor directs care and makes decisions about treatment has been replaced by the ideal of `shared decision making'.
  • 7. Good communication between doctors and patients decreases the chance of dissatisfaction with professional services, even with failed therapy, and the likelihood of litigation. 7 Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
  • 8. Communication skills • Communication skills need to be taught and learned • Can be both learned and retained; it is not just a personality trait • Experience alone can be a poor teacher • Needs to be taught with the same rigour as other core skills, such as the physical examination • Shifts in medical practice to amplify the need for even experienced doctors to continually enhance communication skills Highlights 8 Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
  • 9. Advantage of effective communication • Greater symptom improvement • Increased Patient Doctor satisfaction • Better adherence to treatment • Fewer medication errors • Better compliance to drug administration • Reduction of diagnostic testing and referrals • Improved compliance to drugs • Better follow up • Lesser complains against doctors • Decreased litigation cases 9Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
  • 10. The communication and interpersonal skills are of measurable and modifiable behaviours that can evolve. 10 Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
  • 11. 11 of 41 Four factors in communication Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
  • 12. Four factors in communication Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 12 of 41 1. Doctor 2. Patient 3. Atmosphere 4. Message
  • 13. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 13
  • 14. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 14
  • 15. Purposes of Doctor - Patient Communication • Creating a good inter-personal relationship - must show empathy, respect, genuineness, unconditional acceptance and warmth. • Exchanging information Consists of information-giving (patient) and information seeking (doctor) • Making treatment - related decisions. - Consists of information- giving (patient) and information seeking (doctor). Doctor also gives information regarding drugs, disease, life-style change Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 15
  • 16. Good communication habits • Environment • Initial greeting (friendly & helpful way) • Seating - conducive. • Body posture/body language • Maintain eye contact • Good listening/warmth • Effective questioning • Interruption & facilitation where needed • End of interview 16Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
  • 17. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 17
  • 18. Nonverbal communication/Body language More human communication can takes place by use of gesture, postures, position and distances Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 18 of 41
  • 19. Empathy in communication skills Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 19 of 41
  • 20. PHASES OF CONSULTATION/COOMUNICATION 1 Establishment of rapport 2 Diagnostic phase (Establishment of diagnosis) • the history • the physical and mental examination • investigations explanation and education 3 Management phase (Medications/procedure/follow up) • explanation and education • prescribing medication • procedural—therapeutic or extended diagnostic • referral • follow-up Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 20 of 41
  • 21. Rapport establishing techniques • Greet the patient with a friendly interested manner. • Treat the patient with respect and courtesy. • Greet the patient by his or her preferred name. • Make the patient feel comfortable. • Be ‘unhurried’ and relaxed. • Be well briefed about prior consultations. • Focus firmly on the patient. • Listen carefully and appropriately. • Make appropriate reassuring gestures. • Start with: ‘What would you like to tell me?’ or ‘How can I help you?’ 21Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
  • 22. Questioning effectively • Use a tone of voice that shows interest, concern and friendliness. • Don’t ask too many questions that can be answered with a “yes” or “no”. • Ask questions that encourage patients to say more e.g., "How can I help you?" "What have you heard about...?“ • Ask the same question in different ways if you think the patient has not understood. • Ask only one question at a time and wait for an answer. 22 Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
  • 23. Interpreting body language Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 23
  • 24. Communications skills in medical practice Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 24
  • 25. Barriers in communication Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 25
  • 26. Barriers in communications Waiting room  Poor physical layout  Too much waiting time for consultation Time pressure  ‘Traffic level’  Busy OPD  Noisy atmosphere in and around consultation room  Sense of urgency Physical factors  Large size table/desk -barrier  Physician attire  Inappropriate layout  Poor record system  Substandard examination couch Privacy  Dressing/undressing  Presence of opposite sex physician/assistant (eg. Gynae Obs)  Sound interruptions -telephone Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 26
  • 27. Tips to improve communication in therapeutics Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 27 Use of diagram/video to explain Asthma
  • 28. Checking empty blister package on follow up Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 28 Tips to improve communication in therapeutics
  • 29. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 29 Demonstrating the of use of device (eg. metered dose inhaler) Tips to improve communication in therapeutics
  • 30. 30 Tips to improve communication in therapeutics Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal
  • 31. Drug effect in support of compliance to treatment Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 31
  • 32. Advice related to life style modification Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 32
  • 33. 1. Brief explanation of disease/condition 2. Name of drug (Brand, generic) 3. Therapeutic effects of drug on disease /condition 4. Medications details (dosage/freq hrly basis/route) 5. How to take (water/milk/juice/curd) chew/do not chew 6. Side effects/food or drug interactions/contraindications 7. What to do if a dose is missed 8. When to stop 9. Food related advice/nondrug advice 10.Follow up instructions/therapeutic adharence Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 33 Communication relevant to therapeutics/pharmacotherapeutics
  • 34. Advice related to dietary modification Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 34
  • 35. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 35 EXCERCISE A 60 year male patient weighing 56 kg working in tea garden has been diagnosed with Type -2 Diabetes mellitus and has been put on oral hypoglycemic Metformin (Glycomet 500 SR). CASE FILE
  • 36. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 36
  • 37. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 37 EXCERCISE CASE FILE Description Glycomet 500 SR is a oral hypoglycemic medications used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus..
  • 38. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 38 EXCERCISE CASE FILE Describe and demonstrate communication skills important in the case
  • 39. 1. Brief explanation of disease/condition 2. Name of drug (Brand, generic) 3. Therapeutic effects of drug on disease /condition 4. Medications details (dosage/freq hrly basis/route) 5. How to take (water/milk/juice/curd) chew/do not chew 6. Side effects/food or drug interactions/contraindications 7. What to do if a dose is missed 8. When to stop 9. Food related advice/nondrug advice 10.Follow up instructions/therapeutic adharence Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 39 Communication relevant to therapeutics/pharmacotherapeutics
  • 40. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 40 EXCERCISE 1) Brief explanation of disease/condition People with type 2 diabetes are not able to make enough insulin or respond normally to the insulin made by their bodies. When this happens, the concentration of sugar/glucose increases in the blood. Glycomet 500 MG Tablet is an effective first choice medicine used to control high blood glucose levels in patients with type II diabetes. Glycomet 1gm Tablet SR is an anti-diabetic medication (biguanide). It works by lowering glucose production in the liver, delaying the absorption of sugar (glucose) from the intestines and increasing the body's sensitivity to insulin. It also helps body to respond better to the insulin it makes naturally.
  • 41. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 41 EXCERCISE CASE FILE 2) Name of drug (Brand name and generic name) Brand name : Glycomet 500 SR Each film coated tablet contains Metformin 500 mg
  • 42. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 42 EXCERCISE CASE FILE 3) Therapeutic effect • Controlling high blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. • Preventing serious complications of diabetes such as kidney damage and blindness and may reduce chance of having a heart attack or stroke. • Helps in controlling weight gain.
  • 43. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 43 EXCERCISE CASE FILE 4) Medications details dosage form/route Once daily oral route
  • 44. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 44 EXCERCISE CASE FILE 5) How to take (water) Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it swallow it with a glass of water. Prefer taking it in the morning with breakfast The peak effect of this medicine can be observed within 1-3 hours of administration can be taken with or after meal Taking Glycomet with meals will reduce its digestive problems like indigestion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach ache and loss of appetite..
  • 45. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 45 EXCERCISE CASE FILE 6) Side effects/food drug interactions /contraindications • In addition Lo general restrictions for use of oral hypoglycaemics, Metformin is contraindicated in renal insufficiency, because risk of lactic acidosis increases. It should also not be given in hypotensive states, heart failure, severe respiratory/hepatic disease, as well as in alcoholics. • Drugs like cimetidine, furosemide may compete with metformin excretion and enhance its toxicity
  • 46. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 46 EXCERCISE CASE FILE 7) If a dose is missed If a dose of Glycomet is missed it can be taken take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for next dose, skip the missed dose and going back to regular schedule is advisable. Doubling the dose to make up for the missed one is not recommended
  • 47. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 47 EXCERCISE CASE FILE 8) When to stop Medication may continue for life long This medication should be taken regularly, at the same time each day, to get the most benefit and should not stopped unless recommends by doctor The dose is likely to change over time based on therapeutic response and clinical condition. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is recommended during treatment with this medicine. Do not change the dose or duration of use without consulting the doctor.
  • 48. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 48 EXCERCISE 9) Food related advice/nondrug advice It is important to stay on strict diet and exercise program while taking this medicine. Lifestyle plays a big part in controlling diabetes. Physical exercise helps lower your blood sugar level. Physical activities and excercises like fast walking climbing stairs doing more strenuous housework or gardening are advisable For overweight patient finding a way to lose weight is important as it really improves diabetes management. This is because it can help to lower blood glucose and reduce risk of other complications. Foods to eat for a type 2 diabetic diet meal plan include complex carbohydrates such as brown rice, whole wheat, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables, beans, and lentils. Foods to avoid include simple carbohydrates, which are processed, such as sugar, pasta, white bread, flour, and cookies, pastries. Meal plan/weight reduction/Exercise/change in life style/reduce stress
  • 49. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 49 EXCERCISE CASE FILE 10) Follow instructions/ therapeutic adharance
  • 50. Communication skills related to pharmacology and therapeutics by Dr C M Kamaal 50
  • 51. THANKS Queries…. 9528540756 doc_kam@hotmail.com Dr C M Kamaal MD DCH Pediatrician & Clinical Pharmacologist Associate Professor in Pharmacology