SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 50
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
ASSESSMENT
DR. JAYESH PATIDAR
NURSING PATH
INTRODUCTION
Assessment is part of the everyday
activities of nursing professionals.
Assessment is the only way by which
a teacher can know how successful
his teaching was and what areas in
teaching need improvement.
Similarly, a student can know his
learning difficulties & also at what
position he stands in the crowd of
students.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
2
WHAT IS ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION
Evaluation is the process of determining to
what extent the educational objectives are
being realized.
Evaluation is the assessment of merits or
worth.
Evaluation is a systematic examination of
educational & social progress.
Evaluation involves assessing the strengths &
weaknesses of programs, policies, personnel,
products, & organizations to improve their
effectiveness.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
3
PURPOSES OF
ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION
To provide short-term goals to the students.
To clarify the intended learning outcome.
To determine the level of knowledge &
understanding in students.
To diagnose the strengths & weakness of students.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
4
PURPOSES OF
ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION
To encourage students learning by measuring their
achievement.
To provide information to students for overcoming
learning difficulties.
To estimate the effectiveness of the instructional
media used.
To help students acquire the attitude & skills or self-
evaluation.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
5
PURPOSES OF
ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION
To assess the nonscholastic domains of the
student’s personality.
To assess the student’s progress throughout the
year.
To ascertain if the teaching strategies are
effective or not.
To improve curriculum in light of recent advances.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
6
PURPOSES OF
ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION
To satisfy the university requirements for a
curriculum.
To report the student’s progress to parents.
Evaluation is carried out for general &
educational research.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
7
TYPES OF ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION
Parameters
Formative
Assessment
Summative
Assessment
Meaning It is ongoing assessment of
the student’s achievement.
It is final assessment of the
student’s achievement.
Purposes To monitor the progress of
students & provide feedback
for improvement.
To finally assign the grades.
Frequency Carried out quite frequently
ranging from daily to weekly.
Carried out monthly,
biannually, annually or at the
end of a semester.
Content focus Detailed focus on content. General & broad content
scope.
Methods It include classroom
questioning, daily
assignments, regular
formal/informal observation,
class tests & internal
It include project evaluation,
term examination & final
external examination.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
8
SCOPE OF
ASSESSMENT/
EVALUATION
Selection
of students
Feedback
of
students
Feedback
to teacher
Incentive
to
learning
Motivation
of learning
activities
Certification
of
competency
Decision
for
successor
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
9
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF
ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE/METHOD
1. Congruent with educational
objectives
2. Objectivity
3. Practicability
4. Constructed on wide
curricular content
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
10
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF
ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE/METHOD
5. Clear & Comprehensive
6. Concise & Precise
7. Relevance
8. Adequate & Appropriate
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
11
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF
ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE/METHOD
9. Understandability
10. The power of discrimination
11. Validity of assessment
instrument
12. Reliability of assessment in
instrument
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
12
CLASSIFICATION OF ASSESSMENT
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
Assessment of Knowledge Assessment of Skills
Assessment of
Attitude
Essay type questions
Extended response essay
Restricted response essay
Observation checklist
Rating scale
Anecdotal record
Likert attitude
scale
Semantic
differential scaleShort answer questions
Fill in the blank type
Statement completion
Labelling a diagram
Short answer in 5-10 words
Cumulative records
Writing clinical
assignment
Critical incident record
Practical examination
Viva voce (Oral
Examination)
Objective type of questions
Multiple choice questions
Multiple response
questions
True & false questions
Matching type question
Objective Structured
Clinical Examination
(OSPE)
Objective Structured
Practical Examination
(OSPE)
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
13
ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS
Essay type questions are a test containing
questions requiring the students to
respond in writing. It emphasizes recall
rather than recognition of the correct
alternative.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
14
ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS
Features of essay type questions:
 Questions are used both as formative &
summative assessments.
 They require a great deal of thought & planning.
 Students prepare their own answers.
 They evaluate knowledge areas alone.
 No single answer can be considered through or
correct.
 The examinee is permitted freedom of response
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
15
ADVANTAGES
• Assess critical-thinking
skills in learners.
• Provide an opportunity to
assess the problem
solving & decision making
ability in learners.
• Helps evaluate thinking,
recall, analysis &
synthesis of facts.
• Provide very limited scope
of guessing answers.
DISADVANTAGES
• It difficult & time
consuming to grade the
answer.
• Evaluation is subjective;
different teachers may
mark the same answer
differently.
• There is a scope of lot of
subjective biasness.
• These questions provide
practice in poor or
unpolished writing.
ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
16
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
SAQ the answer has to be generated and
supplied by the learner rather than chosen
from a number of options provided.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
17
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Purposes of SAQs
Useful to assess the recall ability of
students.
Used to assess students in a classroom
while a lecture is in progress.
Useful in formative assessment.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
18
ADVANTAGES
Provide the opportunity to
cover a much wider
content of the syllabus.
Can be administered to a
large group of students
Useful to assess the
recall of information.
Provide less scope for
guesswork.
Require less stationary.
DISADVANTAGES
They are not particular
suited for testing higher
cognitive & noncognitive
outcomes.
They can lead to cheating
within a group of
students.
Difficulties in scoring if
not worded carefully.
Provide no scope to
assess the writing ability.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
19
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
MCQs are the form of assessment where respondents
are asked to select the best possible answer out of
choices from a list.
Scoring in MCQs is easier as compared to essay type
& short answer type questions but the other side of
the coin is that it is equally difficult to construct good
quality MCQs & there is a high chance of cheating &
guesswork practices.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
20
ADVANTAGES
Easy to use &
administer.
Can cover a large
content area of syllabus.
Easy to check answers.
High reliability & validity.
No scope of subjective
biasness.
Allow more adequate
sampling of content.
DISADVANTAGES
No useful to test highest
level of cognitive domain.
Difficult to construct good
MCQs.
More suitable format for
cheating in students.
Time-consuming process
to construct good MCQs.
Inappropriate for
measuring skilled
performance.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
21
OBSERVATION CHECKLIST
A checklist is a simple instrument
consisting prepared list of expected
items of performance or attributes, which
are checked by a evaluator for their
presence or absence.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
22
Characteristics of a Checklist
OBSERVATION CHECKLIST
Observe one respondent at one time.
Clearly specify the characteristics of the behavior to
be observed.
The observer should be trained how to observe
Use checklist only when you are interested in
calculating a particular characteristics
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
23
OBSERVATION CHECKLIST
ADVANTAGES
Checklists allow inter-
individual comparisons.
They provide a simple
method to record
observations.
They are adaptable to
subject matter areas.
They are helpful in
evaluating procedure work.
Decreases the chances of
errors in observation.
DISADVANTAGES
It not indicate quality of
performance.
Only limited component
can be evaluated.
It has limited use in
qualitative observations.
Checklists are not easy
to prepare.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
24
RATING SCALE
Rating is the term used to express opinion or
judgment regarding some performance of a person,
object, situation & character.
Rating scale refers to a scale with a set of opinion,
which describes varying degree of the dimensions
of an attitude or a phenomenon being observed.
It could be a 3-point, a 5-point or a 7-point rating
scale
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
25
1. Graphic Rating Scale
RATING SCALE
2. Descriptive Rating
Scale
3. Numerical Rating Scale
Nursing
Personnel in a
ward
Level of Clinical Performance
1. Ankit Very
active
Active Moderately
active
passive
2. Rajesh
3. Priti
4.subha
Types of Rating Scale
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
26
Quantity of
work
• Reliability
• Accuracy
Volume of
work
• Initiative
• cooperative
Quality of
work
• Judgment
• Ability
Dependability
• Neatness
• Willingness
RATING SCALE
Common content of appraisal in rating scale
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
27
ADVANTAGES
Rating scale are easy to
administer.
It less time-consuming.
It can be easily used for a
large group.
They are also used for
quantitative methods.
They are used to evaluate
performance & skills &
product outcomes.
DISADVANTAGES
It is difficult or
dangerous to fix up
rating about many
aspects of an
individual.
Misuse can result in a
decrease in objectivity.
RATING SCALE
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
28
PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
Practical examination is concerned with
the assessment of practical performance
skills & practice competency acquired by a
student during the course of a particular
programme.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
29
To assess the practical skills
To assess the development in affect domain
To assess the student’s problem solving skills
To assess the recording & reporting skills
To assess multiple performance task such as
assessment, planning, implementation,
communication
PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
Purposes of Practical Examination
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
30
ADVANTAGES
It provide an opportunity
to assess the skills &
competency.
It provide an opportunity
to the examiner for
assessing the use of
compartmentalized
knowledge.
An examiner also get an
opportunity to assess the
communication &
interpersonal skills.
DISADVANTAGES
It not considered an
objective method of
assessment.
It time consuming
process.
It not feasible for large
group.
Sometime it considered
as unethical to expose
patients for examining
students.
PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
31
OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL
EXAMINATION
OSCE is a modern type of examination to
assess clinical skill performance &
competence in skills such as communication,
clinical examination, medical & nursing
procedure/prescription, exercise prescription,
joint mobilization techniques & interpretation
of results.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
32
DEFINITION OF OSCE
OSCE is an assessment tool in which the components of
clinical competence such as history taking, physical
examination, simple procedures, interpretation of lab
results, patient management problems, communication,
attitude etc. are tested using agreed check lists &
rotating the student round a number of stations some of
which have observers with checklists.
OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL
EXAMINATION
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
33
PRACTICAL SKILLS ARE ASSESSED IN NURSING USING OSCE
OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL
EXAMINATION
Interpretation of clinical findings
Mental Health Assessment
Physical Examination
History Taking skills
Interpersonal & communication skills
Clinical decision making & clinical problem solving
Management of a clinical situations
Patient education
Acting safely in an urgent clinical situation
Basic & advanced nursing care procedure practice
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
34
OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL
EXAMINATION
Organizing the OSCE
The OSCE examination consists of about 10-15
stations, each of which requires about 4-5 minutes. The
number of stations & time spent on each station may
vary based on needs of evaluation.
All stations should be capable of being completed in
the same time.
The students are rotated through all stations & have to
move to the next station at the signal.
As the stations are generally independent, students can
start at any procedure stations & complete the cycle.
Using 15 stations of 4 minutes each, 15 students can
complete the examination within 1 hour.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
35
OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL
EXAMINATION
Organizing the OSCE
Each station is designed to test a component of clinical
competence.
At some stations, called the procedure stations,
students are given tasks to perform on patients or
simulators. At all such stations there are observers with
agreed upon checklist or rating scales to score the
student’s performance.
At other stations called response stations, students
respond to questions of the objective type or interpret
data or record their findings of the previous procedure
stations.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
36
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
37
ADVANTAGES
More valid than the
traditional approach to
clinical examinations.
Examiner can decide in
advance what is to be
tested.
Examiners can have
better control on the
content.
More reliable.
The use of checklist by
examiners
DISADVANTAGES
Students knowledge &
skills are tested in
compartments.
Demanding for both
examiners & patients.
Examiners are require to
pay close attention to
students repeating the
same tasks
Maintaining uniform
difficulty level is not
always possible.
OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL
EXAMINATION
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
38
LIKERT SCALE
The Likert Scale was named after a psychologist Rensis
Likert, who developed it in 1932 as a psychological
concept measurement scale.
Likert Scale is a composite measurement scale used to
measure attitude, values & feelings of the people that
involve summation of scores on the set of positive &
negative declarative statements regarding measuring
variables to which respondents are asked to indicate
their degree of agreement or disagreement.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
39
Example of the five-point Likert Scale to assess the attitude with
HIV/AIDS
LIKERT SCALE
Statement
Please tick (√) in appropriate column for each
statement
Strongly
Agree
Agree Uncertain Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
1. Person with multiple sex
partners are at high risk of
AIDS
2. You can get AIDS by
sharing utensils
3. You may have HIV by
sharing needles with others
4. Only gay men can get
AIDS
5. AIDS is a curable disease.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
40
LIKERT SCALE
Uses of a Likert Scale
It is basically used to measure the
attitudes, values & feelings of the
people about specific concept such
as a situation, people, place, object,
programme, practice, policy & so on.
This scale is used to have quantified
measurement of the qualitative
attributes of people such as feelings,
values & attitude.
It may also be used to assess the
opinion of the people about a
particular abstract concept.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
41
LIKERT SCALE
Characteristics of a Likert Scale
Psychological
Measurement
tool
Illustrative in
nature
Neutral
statementsBipolar scaling
method
Measurement of
the specific number
of scaling
categories
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
42
LIKERT SCALE
Scoring of statements in Likert Scale
statement
Strongly
Agree
Agree Uncertain Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
(Positive
statement)
1. Person with
multiple sex
partners are at high
risk of AIDS
5 4 3 2 1
(Negative
Statement)
2. You can get AIDS
by sharing utensils
1 2 3 4 5
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
43
ADVANTAGES
It is relatively easy to
construct this scale.
It is considered more
reliable & valid tool to
measure psychological
variables.
It easy to administer.
It is less time consuming.
DISADVANTAGES
The respondents may
feel forced to answer the
question.
Difficulty in justifying the
selection of the number
of categories.
Casual approach of
respondents in these
scale may provide
misleading data
LIKERT SCALE
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
44
SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE
 Semantic differential questions measure people’s
attitude towards stimulus, words, objects & concepts.
 This question type consists of a series of contrasting
adjective pairs (e.g. good-bad, beneficial-harmful) listed
on opposite ends of a bipolar scale.
 Semantic differential scale is a type of rating scale
designed to measure the connotative meaning of
objects, events & concepts. This connotations are used
to derive the attitude of the objects, events & concepts.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
45
SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE
Example of a Segmantic Differential Scale to assess the attitude of
student nurse towards patient
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Experience working with patients
Pleasant
Polite
Warm
Unconcern
Insincere
Disrespecting
Noncommunicative
Inhuman
Callous
Cold
Rude
Unpleasant
Respectful
Communicative
Human
Considerate
Empathy
Friendly
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
46
SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE
Adjective pairs used for construction of semantic differential scale
Evaluation Potency Activity
Good – Bad Hard – Soft Active – Passive
Kind – Cruel Strong – Weak Fast – Slow
Wise – Foolish Heavy – Light Hot – Cold
Beautiful – Ugly Deep – Shallow Motivated – Aimless
Happy – Sad Potent – Impotent Moving – Still
Sociable – Unsociable Large – Small Excitable – Calm
Friendly – Unfriendly Simple – Complex Alive – Dead
Willing – Unwilling Difficult – Easy Emotional – Unemotional
Honest – Dishonest Submissive – Assertive Bright –Dim10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
47
SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE
ADVANTAGES
o A convenient method to
assess beliefs, attitudes &
values in quantitative
form.
o Easy to administer.
o Provides reasonable,
valid & reliable
quantitative data.
DISADVANTAGES
o It is difficult to select the
relevant concepts that
are appropriate for any
given investigations.
o It is time consuming.
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
48
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
49
10/11/2019
www.nursingpath.in
50

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Clinical teaching methods
Clinical teaching methodsClinical teaching methods
Clinical teaching methodsSimi K
 
2nd yr bsc[n] cet ppt-methods of teaching -nsg education
2nd yr bsc[n] cet ppt-methods of teaching -nsg education2nd yr bsc[n] cet ppt-methods of teaching -nsg education
2nd yr bsc[n] cet ppt-methods of teaching -nsg educationsuchitrarati
 
Guidance and counselling
Guidance and counsellingGuidance and counselling
Guidance and counsellingNursing Path
 
Maxims of teaching
Maxims of teachingMaxims of teaching
Maxims of teachingShiva Shukla
 
Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)
Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)
Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)Nithiy Uday
 
Clinical teaching methods
Clinical teaching methodsClinical teaching methods
Clinical teaching methodsAndy Jain
 
Role play in nursing education
Role play in nursing educationRole play in nursing education
Role play in nursing educationAnshu Yadav
 
Evaluation in nursing education
Evaluation in nursing educationEvaluation in nursing education
Evaluation in nursing educationAaron Gogate
 
Maxims of teaching ppt
Maxims of teaching pptMaxims of teaching ppt
Maxims of teaching pptVindyaVindya
 
Ppt on assessment of knowledge
Ppt on assessment of knowledgePpt on assessment of knowledge
Ppt on assessment of knowledgeArushi Negi
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Unit 7 educational media
Unit 7 educational mediaUnit 7 educational media
Unit 7 educational media
 
Av aids
Av aidsAv aids
Av aids
 
method of teaching
method of teachingmethod of teaching
method of teaching
 
Computer Assisted Learning
Computer Assisted LearningComputer Assisted Learning
Computer Assisted Learning
 
Clinical teaching methods
Clinical teaching methodsClinical teaching methods
Clinical teaching methods
 
2nd yr bsc[n] cet ppt-methods of teaching -nsg education
2nd yr bsc[n] cet ppt-methods of teaching -nsg education2nd yr bsc[n] cet ppt-methods of teaching -nsg education
2nd yr bsc[n] cet ppt-methods of teaching -nsg education
 
Guidance and counselling
Guidance and counsellingGuidance and counselling
Guidance and counselling
 
Maxims of teaching
Maxims of teachingMaxims of teaching
Maxims of teaching
 
Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)
Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)
Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)
 
Evalution
Evalution Evalution
Evalution
 
Micro teaching
Micro teachingMicro teaching
Micro teaching
 
Clinical teaching methods
Clinical teaching methodsClinical teaching methods
Clinical teaching methods
 
Audio visual aids
Audio visual aidsAudio visual aids
Audio visual aids
 
Role play in nursing education
Role play in nursing educationRole play in nursing education
Role play in nursing education
 
Curriculum development
Curriculum developmentCurriculum development
Curriculum development
 
Evaluation in nursing education
Evaluation in nursing educationEvaluation in nursing education
Evaluation in nursing education
 
Maxims of teaching ppt
Maxims of teaching pptMaxims of teaching ppt
Maxims of teaching ppt
 
Ppt on assessment of knowledge
Ppt on assessment of knowledgePpt on assessment of knowledge
Ppt on assessment of knowledge
 
BEDSIDE CLINIC
BEDSIDE CLINICBEDSIDE CLINIC
BEDSIDE CLINIC
 
Checklist
ChecklistChecklist
Checklist
 

Ähnlich wie Assessment

ASSESSMENT-EDITED slide share.pptx
ASSESSMENT-EDITED slide share.pptxASSESSMENT-EDITED slide share.pptx
ASSESSMENT-EDITED slide share.pptxbeminaja
 
What-is-Educational-Assessment.pptx
What-is-Educational-Assessment.pptxWhat-is-Educational-Assessment.pptx
What-is-Educational-Assessment.pptxANIOAYRochelleDaoaya
 
Measurment, Assessment and Evaluation
Measurment, Assessment and EvaluationMeasurment, Assessment and Evaluation
Measurment, Assessment and EvaluationDr. Amjad Ali Arain
 
Assessing and Evaluating Learning
Assessing and Evaluating LearningAssessing and Evaluating Learning
Assessing and Evaluating LearningDr.Amol Ubale
 
Classroom assessment powerpoint ch.2 and 3
Classroom assessment powerpoint ch.2 and 3Classroom assessment powerpoint ch.2 and 3
Classroom assessment powerpoint ch.2 and 3Etowah High School
 
Examination as a tool for Assessment
Examination as a tool for AssessmentExamination as a tool for Assessment
Examination as a tool for AssessmentGarimaBhati5
 
Chapter 8 reporting by group 6 (autosaved) (autosaved)
Chapter 8 reporting by group 6 (autosaved) (autosaved)Chapter 8 reporting by group 6 (autosaved) (autosaved)
Chapter 8 reporting by group 6 (autosaved) (autosaved)Christine Watts
 
assessment of student learning in assessment in learning 1
assessment of student learning in assessment in learning 1assessment of student learning in assessment in learning 1
assessment of student learning in assessment in learning 1Rai Blanquera
 
Types of Assessment in Classroom
Types of Assessment in ClassroomTypes of Assessment in Classroom
Types of Assessment in ClassroomS. Raj Kumar
 
Assessment DO no.8, s.2015
Assessment DO no.8, s.2015Assessment DO no.8, s.2015
Assessment DO no.8, s.2015Ros Co
 
Educational Assessment and Evaluation
Educational Assessment and Evaluation Educational Assessment and Evaluation
Educational Assessment and Evaluation HennaAnsari
 
ASSESSMENT-GROUP-1-REPORT DEFINITION OF TERMS..pptx
ASSESSMENT-GROUP-1-REPORT DEFINITION OF TERMS..pptxASSESSMENT-GROUP-1-REPORT DEFINITION OF TERMS..pptx
ASSESSMENT-GROUP-1-REPORT DEFINITION OF TERMS..pptxJohncarlMendoza1
 
Classroom assessment, WOW training!
Classroom assessment, WOW training!Classroom assessment, WOW training!
Classroom assessment, WOW training!SARA ISMAIL
 
Appendix 4 Quality Of Assessment Practices Presentation
Appendix 4    Quality Of Assessment Practices PresentationAppendix 4    Quality Of Assessment Practices Presentation
Appendix 4 Quality Of Assessment Practices PresentationKathleen Zarubin
 
Test Development and Evaluation
Test Development and Evaluation Test Development and Evaluation
Test Development and Evaluation HennaAnsari
 

Ähnlich wie Assessment (20)

ASSESSMENT-EDITED slide share.pptx
ASSESSMENT-EDITED slide share.pptxASSESSMENT-EDITED slide share.pptx
ASSESSMENT-EDITED slide share.pptx
 
What-is-Educational-Assessment.pptx
What-is-Educational-Assessment.pptxWhat-is-Educational-Assessment.pptx
What-is-Educational-Assessment.pptx
 
Measurment, Assessment and Evaluation
Measurment, Assessment and EvaluationMeasurment, Assessment and Evaluation
Measurment, Assessment and Evaluation
 
Definition of Assessment,
Definition of Assessment,Definition of Assessment,
Definition of Assessment,
 
Assessing and Evaluating Learning
Assessing and Evaluating LearningAssessing and Evaluating Learning
Assessing and Evaluating Learning
 
Classroom assessment powerpoint ch.2 and 3
Classroom assessment powerpoint ch.2 and 3Classroom assessment powerpoint ch.2 and 3
Classroom assessment powerpoint ch.2 and 3
 
Goron assessment
Goron assessmentGoron assessment
Goron assessment
 
Examination as a tool for Assessment
Examination as a tool for AssessmentExamination as a tool for Assessment
Examination as a tool for Assessment
 
Chapter 8 reporting by group 6 (autosaved) (autosaved)
Chapter 8 reporting by group 6 (autosaved) (autosaved)Chapter 8 reporting by group 6 (autosaved) (autosaved)
Chapter 8 reporting by group 6 (autosaved) (autosaved)
 
Formative Vs. Summative Assessment
Formative Vs. Summative AssessmentFormative Vs. Summative Assessment
Formative Vs. Summative Assessment
 
Assessment- Fundamentals of Instruction
Assessment- Fundamentals of InstructionAssessment- Fundamentals of Instruction
Assessment- Fundamentals of Instruction
 
assessment of student learning in assessment in learning 1
assessment of student learning in assessment in learning 1assessment of student learning in assessment in learning 1
assessment of student learning in assessment in learning 1
 
Types of Assessment in Classroom
Types of Assessment in ClassroomTypes of Assessment in Classroom
Types of Assessment in Classroom
 
Assessment DO no.8, s.2015
Assessment DO no.8, s.2015Assessment DO no.8, s.2015
Assessment DO no.8, s.2015
 
Educational Assessment and Evaluation
Educational Assessment and Evaluation Educational Assessment and Evaluation
Educational Assessment and Evaluation
 
ASSESSMENT-GROUP-1-REPORT DEFINITION OF TERMS..pptx
ASSESSMENT-GROUP-1-REPORT DEFINITION OF TERMS..pptxASSESSMENT-GROUP-1-REPORT DEFINITION OF TERMS..pptx
ASSESSMENT-GROUP-1-REPORT DEFINITION OF TERMS..pptx
 
Assessment.pptx
Assessment.pptxAssessment.pptx
Assessment.pptx
 
Classroom assessment, WOW training!
Classroom assessment, WOW training!Classroom assessment, WOW training!
Classroom assessment, WOW training!
 
Appendix 4 Quality Of Assessment Practices Presentation
Appendix 4    Quality Of Assessment Practices PresentationAppendix 4    Quality Of Assessment Practices Presentation
Appendix 4 Quality Of Assessment Practices Presentation
 
Test Development and Evaluation
Test Development and Evaluation Test Development and Evaluation
Test Development and Evaluation
 

Mehr von Nursing Path

Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019
Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019
Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019Nursing Path
 
Isolation facility for covid-19
Isolation facility for covid-19Isolation facility for covid-19
Isolation facility for covid-19Nursing Path
 
Guidelines on clinical management of covid 19
Guidelines on clinical management of covid   19Guidelines on clinical management of covid   19
Guidelines on clinical management of covid 19Nursing Path
 
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Fluid and electrolyte balanceFluid and electrolyte balance
Fluid and electrolyte balanceNursing Path
 
Hospital Infection Control Programme
Hospital Infection Control ProgrammeHospital Infection Control Programme
Hospital Infection Control ProgrammeNursing Path
 
Outcome based education
Outcome based educationOutcome based education
Outcome based educationNursing Path
 
Selection and organization of learning experience
Selection and organization of learning experienceSelection and organization of learning experience
Selection and organization of learning experienceNursing Path
 
Universal Health Coverage
Universal Health CoverageUniversal Health Coverage
Universal Health CoverageNursing Path
 
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitationCardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitationNursing Path
 
Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4
Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4
Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4Nursing Path
 
Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1
Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1
Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1Nursing Path
 
Fundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice examFundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice examNursing Path
 
Fundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice examFundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice examNursing Path
 
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx x
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx xThe enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx x
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx xNursing Path
 
Waterborne Pathogens in Historical and Social Contexts
Waterborne Pathogens in Historical and Social ContextsWaterborne Pathogens in Historical and Social Contexts
Waterborne Pathogens in Historical and Social ContextsNursing Path
 

Mehr von Nursing Path (20)

Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019
Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019
Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019
 
Isolation facility for covid-19
Isolation facility for covid-19Isolation facility for covid-19
Isolation facility for covid-19
 
Guidelines on clinical management of covid 19
Guidelines on clinical management of covid   19Guidelines on clinical management of covid   19
Guidelines on clinical management of covid 19
 
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Fluid and electrolyte balanceFluid and electrolyte balance
Fluid and electrolyte balance
 
Hospital Infection Control Programme
Hospital Infection Control ProgrammeHospital Infection Control Programme
Hospital Infection Control Programme
 
Outcome based education
Outcome based educationOutcome based education
Outcome based education
 
Anxiety disorders
Anxiety disordersAnxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders
 
Selection and organization of learning experience
Selection and organization of learning experienceSelection and organization of learning experience
Selection and organization of learning experience
 
Universal Health Coverage
Universal Health CoverageUniversal Health Coverage
Universal Health Coverage
 
Pneumonia
PneumoniaPneumonia
Pneumonia
 
Swine flu
Swine fluSwine flu
Swine flu
 
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitationCardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
 
Abortion
AbortionAbortion
Abortion
 
Microbiology
MicrobiologyMicrobiology
Microbiology
 
Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4
Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4
Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4
 
Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1
Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1
Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1
 
Fundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice examFundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice exam
 
Fundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice examFundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice exam
 
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx x
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx xThe enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx x
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx x
 
Waterborne Pathogens in Historical and Social Contexts
Waterborne Pathogens in Historical and Social ContextsWaterborne Pathogens in Historical and Social Contexts
Waterborne Pathogens in Historical and Social Contexts
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 

Assessment

  • 2. INTRODUCTION Assessment is part of the everyday activities of nursing professionals. Assessment is the only way by which a teacher can know how successful his teaching was and what areas in teaching need improvement. Similarly, a student can know his learning difficulties & also at what position he stands in the crowd of students. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 2
  • 3. WHAT IS ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION Evaluation is the process of determining to what extent the educational objectives are being realized. Evaluation is the assessment of merits or worth. Evaluation is a systematic examination of educational & social progress. Evaluation involves assessing the strengths & weaknesses of programs, policies, personnel, products, & organizations to improve their effectiveness. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 3
  • 4. PURPOSES OF ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION To provide short-term goals to the students. To clarify the intended learning outcome. To determine the level of knowledge & understanding in students. To diagnose the strengths & weakness of students. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 4
  • 5. PURPOSES OF ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION To encourage students learning by measuring their achievement. To provide information to students for overcoming learning difficulties. To estimate the effectiveness of the instructional media used. To help students acquire the attitude & skills or self- evaluation. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 5
  • 6. PURPOSES OF ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION To assess the nonscholastic domains of the student’s personality. To assess the student’s progress throughout the year. To ascertain if the teaching strategies are effective or not. To improve curriculum in light of recent advances. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 6
  • 7. PURPOSES OF ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION To satisfy the university requirements for a curriculum. To report the student’s progress to parents. Evaluation is carried out for general & educational research. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 7
  • 8. TYPES OF ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION Parameters Formative Assessment Summative Assessment Meaning It is ongoing assessment of the student’s achievement. It is final assessment of the student’s achievement. Purposes To monitor the progress of students & provide feedback for improvement. To finally assign the grades. Frequency Carried out quite frequently ranging from daily to weekly. Carried out monthly, biannually, annually or at the end of a semester. Content focus Detailed focus on content. General & broad content scope. Methods It include classroom questioning, daily assignments, regular formal/informal observation, class tests & internal It include project evaluation, term examination & final external examination. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 8
  • 9. SCOPE OF ASSESSMENT/ EVALUATION Selection of students Feedback of students Feedback to teacher Incentive to learning Motivation of learning activities Certification of competency Decision for successor 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 9
  • 10. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE/METHOD 1. Congruent with educational objectives 2. Objectivity 3. Practicability 4. Constructed on wide curricular content 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 10
  • 11. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE/METHOD 5. Clear & Comprehensive 6. Concise & Precise 7. Relevance 8. Adequate & Appropriate 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 11
  • 12. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE/METHOD 9. Understandability 10. The power of discrimination 11. Validity of assessment instrument 12. Reliability of assessment in instrument 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 12
  • 13. CLASSIFICATION OF ASSESSMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES Assessment of Knowledge Assessment of Skills Assessment of Attitude Essay type questions Extended response essay Restricted response essay Observation checklist Rating scale Anecdotal record Likert attitude scale Semantic differential scaleShort answer questions Fill in the blank type Statement completion Labelling a diagram Short answer in 5-10 words Cumulative records Writing clinical assignment Critical incident record Practical examination Viva voce (Oral Examination) Objective type of questions Multiple choice questions Multiple response questions True & false questions Matching type question Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSPE) Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 13
  • 14. ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS Essay type questions are a test containing questions requiring the students to respond in writing. It emphasizes recall rather than recognition of the correct alternative. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 14
  • 15. ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS Features of essay type questions:  Questions are used both as formative & summative assessments.  They require a great deal of thought & planning.  Students prepare their own answers.  They evaluate knowledge areas alone.  No single answer can be considered through or correct.  The examinee is permitted freedom of response 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 15
  • 16. ADVANTAGES • Assess critical-thinking skills in learners. • Provide an opportunity to assess the problem solving & decision making ability in learners. • Helps evaluate thinking, recall, analysis & synthesis of facts. • Provide very limited scope of guessing answers. DISADVANTAGES • It difficult & time consuming to grade the answer. • Evaluation is subjective; different teachers may mark the same answer differently. • There is a scope of lot of subjective biasness. • These questions provide practice in poor or unpolished writing. ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 16
  • 17. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS SAQ the answer has to be generated and supplied by the learner rather than chosen from a number of options provided. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 17
  • 18. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Purposes of SAQs Useful to assess the recall ability of students. Used to assess students in a classroom while a lecture is in progress. Useful in formative assessment. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 18
  • 19. ADVANTAGES Provide the opportunity to cover a much wider content of the syllabus. Can be administered to a large group of students Useful to assess the recall of information. Provide less scope for guesswork. Require less stationary. DISADVANTAGES They are not particular suited for testing higher cognitive & noncognitive outcomes. They can lead to cheating within a group of students. Difficulties in scoring if not worded carefully. Provide no scope to assess the writing ability. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 19
  • 20. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS MCQs are the form of assessment where respondents are asked to select the best possible answer out of choices from a list. Scoring in MCQs is easier as compared to essay type & short answer type questions but the other side of the coin is that it is equally difficult to construct good quality MCQs & there is a high chance of cheating & guesswork practices. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 20
  • 21. ADVANTAGES Easy to use & administer. Can cover a large content area of syllabus. Easy to check answers. High reliability & validity. No scope of subjective biasness. Allow more adequate sampling of content. DISADVANTAGES No useful to test highest level of cognitive domain. Difficult to construct good MCQs. More suitable format for cheating in students. Time-consuming process to construct good MCQs. Inappropriate for measuring skilled performance. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 21
  • 22. OBSERVATION CHECKLIST A checklist is a simple instrument consisting prepared list of expected items of performance or attributes, which are checked by a evaluator for their presence or absence. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 22
  • 23. Characteristics of a Checklist OBSERVATION CHECKLIST Observe one respondent at one time. Clearly specify the characteristics of the behavior to be observed. The observer should be trained how to observe Use checklist only when you are interested in calculating a particular characteristics 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 23
  • 24. OBSERVATION CHECKLIST ADVANTAGES Checklists allow inter- individual comparisons. They provide a simple method to record observations. They are adaptable to subject matter areas. They are helpful in evaluating procedure work. Decreases the chances of errors in observation. DISADVANTAGES It not indicate quality of performance. Only limited component can be evaluated. It has limited use in qualitative observations. Checklists are not easy to prepare. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 24
  • 25. RATING SCALE Rating is the term used to express opinion or judgment regarding some performance of a person, object, situation & character. Rating scale refers to a scale with a set of opinion, which describes varying degree of the dimensions of an attitude or a phenomenon being observed. It could be a 3-point, a 5-point or a 7-point rating scale 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 25
  • 26. 1. Graphic Rating Scale RATING SCALE 2. Descriptive Rating Scale 3. Numerical Rating Scale Nursing Personnel in a ward Level of Clinical Performance 1. Ankit Very active Active Moderately active passive 2. Rajesh 3. Priti 4.subha Types of Rating Scale 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 26
  • 27. Quantity of work • Reliability • Accuracy Volume of work • Initiative • cooperative Quality of work • Judgment • Ability Dependability • Neatness • Willingness RATING SCALE Common content of appraisal in rating scale 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 27
  • 28. ADVANTAGES Rating scale are easy to administer. It less time-consuming. It can be easily used for a large group. They are also used for quantitative methods. They are used to evaluate performance & skills & product outcomes. DISADVANTAGES It is difficult or dangerous to fix up rating about many aspects of an individual. Misuse can result in a decrease in objectivity. RATING SCALE 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 28
  • 29. PRACTICAL EXAMINATION Practical examination is concerned with the assessment of practical performance skills & practice competency acquired by a student during the course of a particular programme. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 29
  • 30. To assess the practical skills To assess the development in affect domain To assess the student’s problem solving skills To assess the recording & reporting skills To assess multiple performance task such as assessment, planning, implementation, communication PRACTICAL EXAMINATION Purposes of Practical Examination 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 30
  • 31. ADVANTAGES It provide an opportunity to assess the skills & competency. It provide an opportunity to the examiner for assessing the use of compartmentalized knowledge. An examiner also get an opportunity to assess the communication & interpersonal skills. DISADVANTAGES It not considered an objective method of assessment. It time consuming process. It not feasible for large group. Sometime it considered as unethical to expose patients for examining students. PRACTICAL EXAMINATION 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 31
  • 32. OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION OSCE is a modern type of examination to assess clinical skill performance & competence in skills such as communication, clinical examination, medical & nursing procedure/prescription, exercise prescription, joint mobilization techniques & interpretation of results. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 32
  • 33. DEFINITION OF OSCE OSCE is an assessment tool in which the components of clinical competence such as history taking, physical examination, simple procedures, interpretation of lab results, patient management problems, communication, attitude etc. are tested using agreed check lists & rotating the student round a number of stations some of which have observers with checklists. OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 33
  • 34. PRACTICAL SKILLS ARE ASSESSED IN NURSING USING OSCE OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION Interpretation of clinical findings Mental Health Assessment Physical Examination History Taking skills Interpersonal & communication skills Clinical decision making & clinical problem solving Management of a clinical situations Patient education Acting safely in an urgent clinical situation Basic & advanced nursing care procedure practice 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 34
  • 35. OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION Organizing the OSCE The OSCE examination consists of about 10-15 stations, each of which requires about 4-5 minutes. The number of stations & time spent on each station may vary based on needs of evaluation. All stations should be capable of being completed in the same time. The students are rotated through all stations & have to move to the next station at the signal. As the stations are generally independent, students can start at any procedure stations & complete the cycle. Using 15 stations of 4 minutes each, 15 students can complete the examination within 1 hour. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 35
  • 36. OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION Organizing the OSCE Each station is designed to test a component of clinical competence. At some stations, called the procedure stations, students are given tasks to perform on patients or simulators. At all such stations there are observers with agreed upon checklist or rating scales to score the student’s performance. At other stations called response stations, students respond to questions of the objective type or interpret data or record their findings of the previous procedure stations. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 36
  • 38. ADVANTAGES More valid than the traditional approach to clinical examinations. Examiner can decide in advance what is to be tested. Examiners can have better control on the content. More reliable. The use of checklist by examiners DISADVANTAGES Students knowledge & skills are tested in compartments. Demanding for both examiners & patients. Examiners are require to pay close attention to students repeating the same tasks Maintaining uniform difficulty level is not always possible. OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 38
  • 39. LIKERT SCALE The Likert Scale was named after a psychologist Rensis Likert, who developed it in 1932 as a psychological concept measurement scale. Likert Scale is a composite measurement scale used to measure attitude, values & feelings of the people that involve summation of scores on the set of positive & negative declarative statements regarding measuring variables to which respondents are asked to indicate their degree of agreement or disagreement. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 39
  • 40. Example of the five-point Likert Scale to assess the attitude with HIV/AIDS LIKERT SCALE Statement Please tick (√) in appropriate column for each statement Strongly Agree Agree Uncertain Disagree Strongly Disagree 1. Person with multiple sex partners are at high risk of AIDS 2. You can get AIDS by sharing utensils 3. You may have HIV by sharing needles with others 4. Only gay men can get AIDS 5. AIDS is a curable disease. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 40
  • 41. LIKERT SCALE Uses of a Likert Scale It is basically used to measure the attitudes, values & feelings of the people about specific concept such as a situation, people, place, object, programme, practice, policy & so on. This scale is used to have quantified measurement of the qualitative attributes of people such as feelings, values & attitude. It may also be used to assess the opinion of the people about a particular abstract concept. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 41
  • 42. LIKERT SCALE Characteristics of a Likert Scale Psychological Measurement tool Illustrative in nature Neutral statementsBipolar scaling method Measurement of the specific number of scaling categories 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 42
  • 43. LIKERT SCALE Scoring of statements in Likert Scale statement Strongly Agree Agree Uncertain Disagree Strongly Disagree (Positive statement) 1. Person with multiple sex partners are at high risk of AIDS 5 4 3 2 1 (Negative Statement) 2. You can get AIDS by sharing utensils 1 2 3 4 5 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 43
  • 44. ADVANTAGES It is relatively easy to construct this scale. It is considered more reliable & valid tool to measure psychological variables. It easy to administer. It is less time consuming. DISADVANTAGES The respondents may feel forced to answer the question. Difficulty in justifying the selection of the number of categories. Casual approach of respondents in these scale may provide misleading data LIKERT SCALE 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 44
  • 45. SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE  Semantic differential questions measure people’s attitude towards stimulus, words, objects & concepts.  This question type consists of a series of contrasting adjective pairs (e.g. good-bad, beneficial-harmful) listed on opposite ends of a bipolar scale.  Semantic differential scale is a type of rating scale designed to measure the connotative meaning of objects, events & concepts. This connotations are used to derive the attitude of the objects, events & concepts. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 45
  • 46. SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE Example of a Segmantic Differential Scale to assess the attitude of student nurse towards patient 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Experience working with patients Pleasant Polite Warm Unconcern Insincere Disrespecting Noncommunicative Inhuman Callous Cold Rude Unpleasant Respectful Communicative Human Considerate Empathy Friendly 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 46
  • 47. SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE Adjective pairs used for construction of semantic differential scale Evaluation Potency Activity Good – Bad Hard – Soft Active – Passive Kind – Cruel Strong – Weak Fast – Slow Wise – Foolish Heavy – Light Hot – Cold Beautiful – Ugly Deep – Shallow Motivated – Aimless Happy – Sad Potent – Impotent Moving – Still Sociable – Unsociable Large – Small Excitable – Calm Friendly – Unfriendly Simple – Complex Alive – Dead Willing – Unwilling Difficult – Easy Emotional – Unemotional Honest – Dishonest Submissive – Assertive Bright –Dim10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 47
  • 48. SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE ADVANTAGES o A convenient method to assess beliefs, attitudes & values in quantitative form. o Easy to administer. o Provides reasonable, valid & reliable quantitative data. DISADVANTAGES o It is difficult to select the relevant concepts that are appropriate for any given investigations. o It is time consuming. 10/11/2019 www.nursingpath.in 48