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Economics Issues from
Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
How Liberals and
Conservatives Can Have a
Constructive Dialog about
Climate Change
Posted January 27, 2016
Terms of Use: These slides are provided under Creative Commons License Attribution—Share Alike 3.0 . You are free
to use these slides as a resource for your economics classes together with whatever textbook you are using. If you like
the slides, you may also want to take a look at my textbook, Introduction to Economics, from BVT Publishing.
!!!
???
Why Dialog is Worthwhile
Don’t Fear Dialog
 Many liberals are afraid to talk to
their conservative friends about
climate change
Conservatives’ minds are made up
They are all deniers
 Conservatives are afraid, too
Liberals’ minds are made up
Climate change is just a trick to
mask a big-government agenda
 Here are some reasons why dialog
is not only possible, but necessary!
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
!!!
???
Reason 1: Opinions differ, but not as much as you might think
 75% of liberal Democrats and 54%
of conservative Republicans think
climate change is happening and
human activity is contributing
 Only 6% of liberal democrats and
only 9% percent of conservative
Republicans think climate change is
not happening at all
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
The real debate is over climate sensitivity
 Climate sensitivity means
the amount of warming that
occurs if CO2
concentrations double
 Most liberals accept
estimates used by NASA,
IPCC, and other
mainstream organizations
Bars in chart give NASA
estimates of sensitivity
The latest IPCC report
gives a likely range of 1.5
to 4.5o C
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
Deniers are rare even among skeptical scientists
 There are few if any outright
global warming deniers left
even among scientists who
characterize themselves as
“skeptics” or “dissidents”
 Instead, they point to
sensitivity estimates in the
lower half of the IPCC range
 This chart shows that many
recent estimates fall in this
low range for both long-run
(ECS) and short-run (TCR)
sensitivity
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
Lower sensitivity does not justify doing nothing
 Both liberals and conservatives
should be willing to accept lower
sensitivity estimates as a
framework for dialog
 A focus on high estimates leads to
polarization between alarmism and
denialism
 Low sensitivity does not justify
doing nothing—it just means there
is a slightly longer window of
opportunity to take constructive
action before serious harm occurs
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
Range of future temperatures as
forecast by the IPCC
Source: https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/spmsspm-
projections-of.html
Reason 2: People want more face-to-face discussion
 Many liberals are
content to leave
climate issues to
scientists and the
mainstream media
 Conservatives are
more likely to trust
what family, friends,
and neighbors say
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
 65% of Americans are interested in hearing
about climate change*
 71% of all Americans* (but only 38% of
conservatives**) trust scientists
 The mainstream media are the most
frequent source of news about climate
change, but only 27% of conservatives***
trust mainstream media
 67% of Americans trust what family and
friends tell them, but only 16% hear family
and friends talk about climate change at
least once a month*
Data sources:
* http://environment.yale.edu/climate-
communication/files/Global-Warming-CCAM-March-
2015.pdf;
**http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/03/29/study-
conservatives-trust-of-science-hits-all-time-low-
*http://www.gallup.com/poll/176042/trust-mass-media-
returns-time-low.aspx
Reason 3: Both sides can learn from dialog
No matter how sure you are of
your own point of view, you
cannot truly understand it until
you test it against opposing
opinions held by others
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
“He who knows only his own side of the case knows little
of that. His reasons may be good, and no one may have
been able to refute them. But if he is equally unable to
refute the reasons on the opposite side, if he does not so
much as know what they are, he has no ground for
preferring either opinion... Nor is it enough that he should
hear the opinions of adversaries from his own teachers,
presented as they state them, and accompanied by what
they offer as refutations. He must be able to hear them
from persons who actually believe them...he must know
them in their most plausible and persuasive form.”
—John Stuart Mill
On Liberty
How to Frame the Issues
Facing the Challenge of Confirmation bias
 Conservatives and liberals are prone to
confirmation bias—the tendency to
pay more attention to sources that
agree with what we already think. We
get much of our news from “echo
chambers” where everyone agrees
 People are resistant to information that
is inconsistent with prior beliefs
 Confirmation bias poses a challenge to
dialog across ideological lines
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
Echo chamber at the
Dresden University of
Technology
Framing is the Key
 Proper framing is the key to overcoming
confirmation bias
 If liberals want conservatives to listen to
what they say about climate change, they
should present a message that is
perceived as consistent with other
conservative beliefs
 The same goes for conservatives—in
discussing climate change with liberals,
emphasize shared values, avoid
accusatory language
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
Unproductive Framing on the Liberal Side
 Alarmism does not resonate well with
conservatives—it turns listeners off and
triggers denial
 The 2009 climate documentary film
“Age of Stupid” illustrates how not to
approach the topic
Do not start by insulting your audience
Do not start with the worst possible
case. (This film assumes a rate of
warming that is at or beyond the upper
limit supported by IPCC models)
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
Promotional poster. Fair use exemption claimed for
purpose of criticism and commentary
Unproductive Framing on the Conservative Side
Accusations of bad faith are a bad way to
start a constructive dialog:
 “If you look at global warming alarmists,
they don't like to look at the actual facts and
the data.”
 “Today, the global warming alarmists are
the equivalent of the flat-Earthers. It used
to be . . . accepted scientific wisdom the
Earth is flat, and this heretic named Galileo
was branded a denier.”
 Global warming is a Trojan horse for
"liberal politicians who want government
power over the economy, the energy sector
and every aspect of our lives."
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
Ted Cruz quotes from
Washington Post,
March 25, 2015
Two Ideas for Good Framing
 Messages that emphasize shared
values of responsibility, duty, and
stewardship form a good basis for
dialog, especially when Christian
conservatives take part
 Messages that emphasize risk-
reduction, markets, and property rights
form a good basis for discussion
among people who have a background
in business
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
“Preservation of our
environment is not a partisan
challenge; it’s common
sense. Our physical health,
our social happiness, and
our economic well-being will
be sustained only by all of us
working in partnership as
thoughtful, effective
stewards of our natural
resources.”
–Ronald Reagan
July 11, 1984
Questionable Framing: Emphasis on Top-Down Regulation
Messages that emphasize top-down
government regulation and increased
government expenditures are a poor
starting point for dialog with conservatives
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
Just 10 percent of
conservatives would support
a candidate who says:
“Climate change is an urgent
challenge and therefore we
need to strengthen the EPA’s
restrictions on carbon
emissions and significantly
subsidize clean energy.”
Source: Clearpath.org
http://polling.clearpath.org/docs/clearpath
_survey_report.pdf
Better framing: Emphasis on market-based approaches
Policy proposals that emphasize
incentives and market-based approaches
are a better basis for liberal-conservative
dialog than the command-and-control
philosophy
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
71 percent of conservatives
would support a candidate
who says:
“Climate change is a
challenge, and we need an
approach that is market-
based instead of one driven
by more top-down
government regulation
Source: Clearpath.org
http://polling.clearpath.org/docs/clearpath
_survey_report.pdf
Better framing: Emphasis on risk management
 Both liberals and conservatives
understand the idea of insurance
 Conservative support for climate action
rises when the issue is framed as one
of risk management
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
75 percent of conservatives
would support a candidate
who says:
“Even if we aren’t certain
what the climate will be
decades from now, we
should accelerate clean
energy now to minimize the
risk of serious climate
change effects or the need
for harsh regulation.”
Source: Clearpath.org
http://polling.clearpath.org/docs/clearpath
_survey_report.pdf
Better framing: Emphasize a full range of benefits
Conservatives are more likely to get on
board when it is pointed out that clean
energy is a good thing regardless of who
is right about climate change
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
82 percent of conservatives
would support a candidate
who says:
“We should expand the use
of clean energy regardless
of the debate over climate,
because it will reduce our
dependence on foreign oil,
reduce air pollution, and
improve public health.”
Source: Clearpath.org
http://polling.clearpath.org/docs/clearpath
_survey_report.pdf
The Environment
vs.
The Economy
The environment vs. the economy
 Many progressives see climate
change as such a serious threat
that we should stop it at all
costs
 Their first instinct is to support
top-down regulations to stop
corporate pollution and force
consumers to change their
lifestyles
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
 Conservatives who show concern
about climate change worry more
about the cost of environmental
regulation
 They favor market-based policies
that provide incentives and
encourage innovation
Climate Change Action is Good Business
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
 Steps to reduce global warming are
good business practice
Product design
Clean production methods
Support for environmental causes
 A third of all consumers reward
companies that behave responsibly
by buying their products
 A quarter of consumers have
punished irresponsible companies
Economists Left and Right Agree on a Carbon Tax
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
Conservative and liberal
economists agree that the most
effective way to moderate climate
change is through a carbon tax
 Conservative perspective on
carbon tax: ClimateUnplugged
 Liberal perspective on carbon
tax: Citizens Climate Lobby
Larry Summers
Chief Economist
for Barack Obama
Greg Mankiw
Chief Economist for
George W. Bush
Key Framing Issue: Use of Carbon Tax Revenues
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
 Support for a carbon
tax depends critically
on how revenues from
the tax are used
 Support is low when no
use of revenue is
specified
Source: Issues in Energy and Environmental Policy, No. 13,
2014 U. Michigan and Muhlenberg College
http://closup.umich.edu/files/ieep-nsee-2014-spring-carbon-
tax.pdf
Support is stronger for a tax-and-rebate plan
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
 Support for a carbon
tax increases among
both Democrats and
Republicans when
revenue is returned as
a rebate
Source: Issues in Energy and Environmental Policy, No. 13,
2014 U. Michigan and Muhlenberg College
http://closup.umich.edu/files/ieep-nsee-2014-spring-carbon-
tax.pdf
Support is stronger still if revenue used for research
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
 Support is stronger still
if revenues are used to
fund clean energy
research
 This variant gets
majority support from
both Democrats and
Republicans
Source: Issues in Energy and Environmental Policy, No. 13,
2014 U. Michigan and Muhlenberg College
http://closup.umich.edu/files/ieep-nsee-2014-spring-carbon-
tax.pdf
Links and Readings
Conservative-leaning Climate Websites
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
 Climate, Etc. ( http://judithcurry.com/ ) is a forum for cautious but open-minded climate
scientists. Conservatives who read this will learn that real climate scientists, even those
who criticize the political agenda of liberal climate activists, do not deny that the climate
is changing and that human activity is a significant cause of global warming
 Climate Unplugged ( https://climateunplugged.com/ ) offers fresh ideas to advance
effective climate and energy policy from libertarian and conservative perspectives. It
strongly supports carbon taxes as the most efficient and effective policy for dealing with
climate change.
 The Carbon Tax Center ( http://www.carbontax.org/ ) is a nonpartisan organization that
seeks to build a consensus for a carbon tax across the political spectrum.
 ClearPath ( http://www.clearpath.org/ ) is an organization founded by a wealthy former
entrepreneur to show why clean energy should be a conservative cause
 R Street Institute ( http://www.rstreet.org/tag/carbon-pricing/ ) maintains a page with
many links to conservative policy views on climate change
Liberal-leaning Climate Websites
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
 RealClimate (http://www.realclimate.org/ ) Is an explicitly nonpolitical forum for climate
research that includes contributions from climate scientists whose work is often cited by
liberals
 Climate Progress (http://thinkprogress.org/climate/issue/ )is the climate page of the
website ThinkProgress.org
 Citizens’ Climate Lobby (http://citizensclimatelobby.org/ ) is officially nonpartisan but is
regarded favorably by many liberals and progressives
 Center for American Progress (https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/view/ )
discusses climate change on the “energy and environment” section of its website
Further Reading on All Sides of the Issue
January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
 “Why Conservatives Should Love a Carbon Tax,” Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog, July 1, 2013. First in a
series that also covers why progressives and libertarians, too, should love a carbon tax.
 “One Answer to Global Warming: A New Tax,” Greg Mankiw (formerly George W. Bush’s Chief
Economic Adviser), NYT, Sept. 16, 2007
 “A Progressive Carbon Tax Will Fight Climate Change and Stimulate the Economy,” Richard W.
Caperton, Center for American Progress
 But Will the Planet Notice? Gernot Wagner. In this book Wagner tells his fellow liberals why
climate change policy needs a grounding in sound economics.
 “Why We Support a Revenue-Neutral Carbon Tax,” George P. Shultz (Nixon Treas. Sec and
Reagan Sec. of State) and Gary Becker (Nobel Prize in Economics)
 “Breaking the Link between a Conservative World View and Climate Skepticism,” The
Conversation, Oct. 29, 2015 Prof. Andrew Hoffman, U. Mich.
 “A Conservative Answer to Climate Change,” The American Conservative, Dec. 9, 2015, Catrina
Rorke, R Street Institute
 “Climate Change: It’s Time for a Conservative Alternative,” Environmental Law Institute, Sept.
2013, Eli Lehrer, President, R Street Institute
Click on the image to learn more about
Ed Dolan’s Econ texts
or visit www.bvtpublishing.com
For more posts and slideshows, Follow Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
Follow @DolanEcon on Twitter

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How Liberals and Conservatives Can Talk About Climate change

  • 1. Economics Issues from Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog How Liberals and Conservatives Can Have a Constructive Dialog about Climate Change Posted January 27, 2016 Terms of Use: These slides are provided under Creative Commons License Attribution—Share Alike 3.0 . You are free to use these slides as a resource for your economics classes together with whatever textbook you are using. If you like the slides, you may also want to take a look at my textbook, Introduction to Economics, from BVT Publishing. !!! ???
  • 2. Why Dialog is Worthwhile
  • 3. Don’t Fear Dialog  Many liberals are afraid to talk to their conservative friends about climate change Conservatives’ minds are made up They are all deniers  Conservatives are afraid, too Liberals’ minds are made up Climate change is just a trick to mask a big-government agenda  Here are some reasons why dialog is not only possible, but necessary! January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog !!! ???
  • 4. Reason 1: Opinions differ, but not as much as you might think  75% of liberal Democrats and 54% of conservative Republicans think climate change is happening and human activity is contributing  Only 6% of liberal democrats and only 9% percent of conservative Republicans think climate change is not happening at all January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
  • 5. The real debate is over climate sensitivity  Climate sensitivity means the amount of warming that occurs if CO2 concentrations double  Most liberals accept estimates used by NASA, IPCC, and other mainstream organizations Bars in chart give NASA estimates of sensitivity The latest IPCC report gives a likely range of 1.5 to 4.5o C January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
  • 6. Deniers are rare even among skeptical scientists  There are few if any outright global warming deniers left even among scientists who characterize themselves as “skeptics” or “dissidents”  Instead, they point to sensitivity estimates in the lower half of the IPCC range  This chart shows that many recent estimates fall in this low range for both long-run (ECS) and short-run (TCR) sensitivity January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
  • 7. Lower sensitivity does not justify doing nothing  Both liberals and conservatives should be willing to accept lower sensitivity estimates as a framework for dialog  A focus on high estimates leads to polarization between alarmism and denialism  Low sensitivity does not justify doing nothing—it just means there is a slightly longer window of opportunity to take constructive action before serious harm occurs January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog Range of future temperatures as forecast by the IPCC Source: https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/spmsspm- projections-of.html
  • 8. Reason 2: People want more face-to-face discussion  Many liberals are content to leave climate issues to scientists and the mainstream media  Conservatives are more likely to trust what family, friends, and neighbors say January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog  65% of Americans are interested in hearing about climate change*  71% of all Americans* (but only 38% of conservatives**) trust scientists  The mainstream media are the most frequent source of news about climate change, but only 27% of conservatives*** trust mainstream media  67% of Americans trust what family and friends tell them, but only 16% hear family and friends talk about climate change at least once a month* Data sources: * http://environment.yale.edu/climate- communication/files/Global-Warming-CCAM-March- 2015.pdf; **http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/03/29/study- conservatives-trust-of-science-hits-all-time-low- *http://www.gallup.com/poll/176042/trust-mass-media- returns-time-low.aspx
  • 9. Reason 3: Both sides can learn from dialog No matter how sure you are of your own point of view, you cannot truly understand it until you test it against opposing opinions held by others January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog “He who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that. His reasons may be good, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if he is equally unable to refute the reasons on the opposite side, if he does not so much as know what they are, he has no ground for preferring either opinion... Nor is it enough that he should hear the opinions of adversaries from his own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them...he must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form.” —John Stuart Mill On Liberty
  • 10. How to Frame the Issues
  • 11. Facing the Challenge of Confirmation bias  Conservatives and liberals are prone to confirmation bias—the tendency to pay more attention to sources that agree with what we already think. We get much of our news from “echo chambers” where everyone agrees  People are resistant to information that is inconsistent with prior beliefs  Confirmation bias poses a challenge to dialog across ideological lines January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog Echo chamber at the Dresden University of Technology
  • 12. Framing is the Key  Proper framing is the key to overcoming confirmation bias  If liberals want conservatives to listen to what they say about climate change, they should present a message that is perceived as consistent with other conservative beliefs  The same goes for conservatives—in discussing climate change with liberals, emphasize shared values, avoid accusatory language January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog
  • 13. Unproductive Framing on the Liberal Side  Alarmism does not resonate well with conservatives—it turns listeners off and triggers denial  The 2009 climate documentary film “Age of Stupid” illustrates how not to approach the topic Do not start by insulting your audience Do not start with the worst possible case. (This film assumes a rate of warming that is at or beyond the upper limit supported by IPCC models) January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog Promotional poster. Fair use exemption claimed for purpose of criticism and commentary
  • 14. Unproductive Framing on the Conservative Side Accusations of bad faith are a bad way to start a constructive dialog:  “If you look at global warming alarmists, they don't like to look at the actual facts and the data.”  “Today, the global warming alarmists are the equivalent of the flat-Earthers. It used to be . . . accepted scientific wisdom the Earth is flat, and this heretic named Galileo was branded a denier.”  Global warming is a Trojan horse for "liberal politicians who want government power over the economy, the energy sector and every aspect of our lives." January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog Ted Cruz quotes from Washington Post, March 25, 2015
  • 15. Two Ideas for Good Framing  Messages that emphasize shared values of responsibility, duty, and stewardship form a good basis for dialog, especially when Christian conservatives take part  Messages that emphasize risk- reduction, markets, and property rights form a good basis for discussion among people who have a background in business January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog “Preservation of our environment is not a partisan challenge; it’s common sense. Our physical health, our social happiness, and our economic well-being will be sustained only by all of us working in partnership as thoughtful, effective stewards of our natural resources.” –Ronald Reagan July 11, 1984
  • 16. Questionable Framing: Emphasis on Top-Down Regulation Messages that emphasize top-down government regulation and increased government expenditures are a poor starting point for dialog with conservatives January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog Just 10 percent of conservatives would support a candidate who says: “Climate change is an urgent challenge and therefore we need to strengthen the EPA’s restrictions on carbon emissions and significantly subsidize clean energy.” Source: Clearpath.org http://polling.clearpath.org/docs/clearpath _survey_report.pdf
  • 17. Better framing: Emphasis on market-based approaches Policy proposals that emphasize incentives and market-based approaches are a better basis for liberal-conservative dialog than the command-and-control philosophy January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog 71 percent of conservatives would support a candidate who says: “Climate change is a challenge, and we need an approach that is market- based instead of one driven by more top-down government regulation Source: Clearpath.org http://polling.clearpath.org/docs/clearpath _survey_report.pdf
  • 18. Better framing: Emphasis on risk management  Both liberals and conservatives understand the idea of insurance  Conservative support for climate action rises when the issue is framed as one of risk management January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog 75 percent of conservatives would support a candidate who says: “Even if we aren’t certain what the climate will be decades from now, we should accelerate clean energy now to minimize the risk of serious climate change effects or the need for harsh regulation.” Source: Clearpath.org http://polling.clearpath.org/docs/clearpath _survey_report.pdf
  • 19. Better framing: Emphasize a full range of benefits Conservatives are more likely to get on board when it is pointed out that clean energy is a good thing regardless of who is right about climate change January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog 82 percent of conservatives would support a candidate who says: “We should expand the use of clean energy regardless of the debate over climate, because it will reduce our dependence on foreign oil, reduce air pollution, and improve public health.” Source: Clearpath.org http://polling.clearpath.org/docs/clearpath _survey_report.pdf
  • 21. The environment vs. the economy  Many progressives see climate change as such a serious threat that we should stop it at all costs  Their first instinct is to support top-down regulations to stop corporate pollution and force consumers to change their lifestyles January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog  Conservatives who show concern about climate change worry more about the cost of environmental regulation  They favor market-based policies that provide incentives and encourage innovation
  • 22. Climate Change Action is Good Business January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog  Steps to reduce global warming are good business practice Product design Clean production methods Support for environmental causes  A third of all consumers reward companies that behave responsibly by buying their products  A quarter of consumers have punished irresponsible companies
  • 23. Economists Left and Right Agree on a Carbon Tax January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog Conservative and liberal economists agree that the most effective way to moderate climate change is through a carbon tax  Conservative perspective on carbon tax: ClimateUnplugged  Liberal perspective on carbon tax: Citizens Climate Lobby Larry Summers Chief Economist for Barack Obama Greg Mankiw Chief Economist for George W. Bush
  • 24. Key Framing Issue: Use of Carbon Tax Revenues January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog  Support for a carbon tax depends critically on how revenues from the tax are used  Support is low when no use of revenue is specified Source: Issues in Energy and Environmental Policy, No. 13, 2014 U. Michigan and Muhlenberg College http://closup.umich.edu/files/ieep-nsee-2014-spring-carbon- tax.pdf
  • 25. Support is stronger for a tax-and-rebate plan January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog  Support for a carbon tax increases among both Democrats and Republicans when revenue is returned as a rebate Source: Issues in Energy and Environmental Policy, No. 13, 2014 U. Michigan and Muhlenberg College http://closup.umich.edu/files/ieep-nsee-2014-spring-carbon- tax.pdf
  • 26. Support is stronger still if revenue used for research January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog  Support is stronger still if revenues are used to fund clean energy research  This variant gets majority support from both Democrats and Republicans Source: Issues in Energy and Environmental Policy, No. 13, 2014 U. Michigan and Muhlenberg College http://closup.umich.edu/files/ieep-nsee-2014-spring-carbon- tax.pdf
  • 28. Conservative-leaning Climate Websites January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog  Climate, Etc. ( http://judithcurry.com/ ) is a forum for cautious but open-minded climate scientists. Conservatives who read this will learn that real climate scientists, even those who criticize the political agenda of liberal climate activists, do not deny that the climate is changing and that human activity is a significant cause of global warming  Climate Unplugged ( https://climateunplugged.com/ ) offers fresh ideas to advance effective climate and energy policy from libertarian and conservative perspectives. It strongly supports carbon taxes as the most efficient and effective policy for dealing with climate change.  The Carbon Tax Center ( http://www.carbontax.org/ ) is a nonpartisan organization that seeks to build a consensus for a carbon tax across the political spectrum.  ClearPath ( http://www.clearpath.org/ ) is an organization founded by a wealthy former entrepreneur to show why clean energy should be a conservative cause  R Street Institute ( http://www.rstreet.org/tag/carbon-pricing/ ) maintains a page with many links to conservative policy views on climate change
  • 29. Liberal-leaning Climate Websites January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog  RealClimate (http://www.realclimate.org/ ) Is an explicitly nonpolitical forum for climate research that includes contributions from climate scientists whose work is often cited by liberals  Climate Progress (http://thinkprogress.org/climate/issue/ )is the climate page of the website ThinkProgress.org  Citizens’ Climate Lobby (http://citizensclimatelobby.org/ ) is officially nonpartisan but is regarded favorably by many liberals and progressives  Center for American Progress (https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/view/ ) discusses climate change on the “energy and environment” section of its website
  • 30. Further Reading on All Sides of the Issue January 27, 2016 Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog  “Why Conservatives Should Love a Carbon Tax,” Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog, July 1, 2013. First in a series that also covers why progressives and libertarians, too, should love a carbon tax.  “One Answer to Global Warming: A New Tax,” Greg Mankiw (formerly George W. Bush’s Chief Economic Adviser), NYT, Sept. 16, 2007  “A Progressive Carbon Tax Will Fight Climate Change and Stimulate the Economy,” Richard W. Caperton, Center for American Progress  But Will the Planet Notice? Gernot Wagner. In this book Wagner tells his fellow liberals why climate change policy needs a grounding in sound economics.  “Why We Support a Revenue-Neutral Carbon Tax,” George P. Shultz (Nixon Treas. Sec and Reagan Sec. of State) and Gary Becker (Nobel Prize in Economics)  “Breaking the Link between a Conservative World View and Climate Skepticism,” The Conversation, Oct. 29, 2015 Prof. Andrew Hoffman, U. Mich.  “A Conservative Answer to Climate Change,” The American Conservative, Dec. 9, 2015, Catrina Rorke, R Street Institute  “Climate Change: It’s Time for a Conservative Alternative,” Environmental Law Institute, Sept. 2013, Eli Lehrer, President, R Street Institute
  • 31. Click on the image to learn more about Ed Dolan’s Econ texts or visit www.bvtpublishing.com For more posts and slideshows, Follow Ed Dolan’s Econ Blog Follow @DolanEcon on Twitter