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1. SAMPLE ASSIGNMENT FIRST SEMESTER
2017
Course Code MS - 22
Course Title Human Resource Development
Assignment Code MS-22/TMA/SEM - I/2017
Assignment Coverage All Blocks
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School of Management Studies
INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI – 110 068

2. 1. What are various methods which could be employed to improve business ethics in an organisational
set up? How could personal ambition be balanced with shared ambition? Explain with suitable
examples. Briefly describe the organisation and the system you are referring to.
Business ethics refers to the set of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, an unethical employee promotes corruption and could
also be a liability to the organization. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------ethical behavior and compliance policies.
To fully embed an ethical culture, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------ability to gain the most from an ethical performance culture.
Human beings, even those who tend to be very -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------ethics improves organizational performance because you
attract high quality loyal employees and satisfied customers.
------------------- to Do It
1. Use --------------------- for job candidates. Behavioral information can be obtained from resumes, reference checks,
background checks, and -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------, organizational citizenship behavior, social dominance, and
bullying. Job candidates also -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------the behavioral information or attitudinal surveys.
2. During orientation, expose new employees to the organization's Code of Ethics, Code of Conduct, and ethical
decision making process. An organization's codes serve ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the ethics of any work situation
that arises.
3. In the spirit of continuous ---------------------------------------------------- workshops for all employees. Document
and praise ethical strengths and accomplishments, unveil weaknesses, and develop strategies for addressing those
weaknesses. Diversity success stories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------to help all employees feel part of a cohesive team
experience. Ethics and diversity training help to further develop, and reinforce, a culture of trust.
4. Establish an ethics reporting system, ---------------------------------------------------------- confidentially raise
ethical issues and receive ethical guidance. A -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and the whistleblower.
5. The most ------------------------------------------------------------- supervisor or manager. How a manager acts in
response to an ethical issue has --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct.
6. The work ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------- punish unethical behaviors. Otherwise, hypocrisy and moral confusion develops. Work
goals should be specific, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------employee accomplishments and benchmark the distance an
employee still needs to travel to become an ideal employee.
7. An ethical -------------------------------------------------------------------- with dignity and has a sense of
organizational ownership and accountability. Team--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------share the financial gains associated
with improved performance, ----------------------------------------------------------------------- among employees.
8. Ethical organizations place a ------------------------------------------------------------------------ and creating
environmentally healthy workplaces for their employees. Managers can achieve superior environmental
performance by creating an Environmental -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- objectives to develop action plans, redesigning

3. the product to achieve zero waste, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------the results of these efforts.
9. An ethical organization ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------employees and other residents. Companies can give nonprofit
and community organizations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------integrate all four areas. Employees should be involved in the
company's outreach decision-making process.
10. All of these ethics ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------organization's management of ethics.
How personal ----------------------------------------- with shared ambition-
Formulating the personal perspective uses ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------shared ambition on the other. The purpose of beginning
with selfknowledge is to develop inner -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------. When these qualities are cultured in individual’s a
foundation is built for a continuously ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------ambition as well as to gain more insight into yourself, in
terms of both the strong and weak points of your personal behaviour. They
Balancing ------------------------------------------ Ambition
Here the alignment of the personal ambition with the shared organizational ambition is central for the purpose of stimulating
the enjoyment, active participation, and ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------about balancing these two scorecard elements. This
process of balancing deals with obtaining a high level of ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------on something they do not believe in or
agree with. Clarity -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------with the organization is the most important motive for employees to dedicate
themselves actively to the organizational objectives ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a permanent nature. The questions that are
central here are: Does your --------------------------------------------------? As summary (Exhibit 1).
Miller, Catt, and -------------------------------------------------------------- your manager asked you to do something unethical);
1) Make sure there is a conflict. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ if the activity is permitted.
2) Decide how ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------is to each group.
3) Make you move. If the -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------. Let him or her save face.
4) If there is trouble, get help-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------not to go directly above your manager.
5) Consider a job change. If --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------organizational ambition. If they conflict with yours, then leaving may
be the best answer.

4. Balancing personal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------learning.
Example 1-
Balancing ------------------------------------------------------------------ based on the following principles:
1. Satisfy the spirit of the law and not -------------------------------------------------- should go beyond the law.
2. Be --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- in doubt, disclose.
3. Make a clear ------------------------------------------------------------------------- corporate resources.
4. Communicate ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- company internally.
5. Comply with ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- we operate.
6. Have a simple and ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- the business needs.
7. Management is ------------------------------------------------------- not the owner.
Example 2-
Ethics and shared ambitions in Tata Power:-
As a Tata Company, Corporate Governance is a --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, social obligations, environment and regulatory
compliances. As a responsible corporate citizen, Tata Power has established systems to encourage and recognize employee
participation in environment and social ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------and health of its employees and of the neighbouring
communities.
The fountainhead of the corporate governance ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the Tata Brand name by virtue of this commitment.
It draws its strength from the five Tata values:
 -----------------------
 Understanding
 ---------------------
 Unity
 ------------------------
In Tata parlance they stand for –
--------------- We must conduct -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------must stand the test of public scrutiny.
Understanding- We must -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------the benefit of India.
 Excellence- We must ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------we provide.
 Unity- We must work ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------understanding and mutual cooperation.
 ----------------------------- We must continue to be responsible, sensitive to the countries, communities and environments in
which we work, always ensuring ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------– the way others see the Tata Group.
 Management Practices- For ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------, viz., Constitution of an Audit Committee, Remuneration Committee, etc.
2. What is a profession? Briefly explain the characteristics of a profession, and differentiate profession
with occupation? Explain with suitable examples.
The term 'Profession' stands for an ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------or remuneration. A profession is a calling and implies
acquisition of a fond of knowledge, range ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------educators i.e. teacher of a teacher.
A professional is a member of a profession. Professionals are governed by codes of ethics, and profess commitment to
competence, integrity and morality, altruism, and the promotion of the public good within their expert domain. Professionals
are accountable to those served and to society.
Professionalism comprises the personally ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------as a way of practice.
This service might be rendered for limited ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------or post-graduation, but, it is rendered to those who have
aptitude for the profession. Any professional ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------independently or within an institution or both.

6. The following are -------------------------------------- of a profession:
I. Professions are occupat-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------- individual and the society.
2. Each profession is ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------rights and freedom, enhancing the opportunity to learn).
3. The profession --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------) needed in the practice of the profession; such knowledge, behavior, and skills
normally are not possessed by the nonprofessional.
4. Members of the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------, against a background of principles and theories, and within the context of
possible impact on other related conditions or decisions.
5. The profession is --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- knowledge and skills.
6. The profession is organized -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------work of the profession and the conditions that surround it
(admissions, educational -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, professional discipline).
7. The ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for continuance within it.
8. Preparation for---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------- on a college or university campus.
9. There is a high --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------provide service markedly beyond that which would otherwise be available.
10. Individual practitioners ------------------------------------------------------------------------- commitment to competence.
11. Authority to practice ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------within the particular case is to the profession itself.
12. There is relative -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------name of his or her profession and is accountable
through his or her profession to the society.
Barber (1963------------------------------------------------------- of a Profession:
1) A high degree of ------------------------------------------------------------------- knowledge.
2) Primary -------------------------------------------------------------------- individual self interest.
3) A high degree of self control -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------by work specialists themselves.
4) A system of rewards (--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------self interest.
Difference ------------------------------------------- occupation-
Occupation refers to the kind of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------activity, that activity is known as their occupation.

7. Example: Drivers-----------------------------------------------, clerks, accountants, etc.
An occupation does not ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------into the following categories:
 Business: When a person ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------said to be doing business.
 Employment: The ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------and regular income is employment.
 Profession: The ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------his knowledge and skills is a profession.
A profession is an occupation, for -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------objective of the profession is to render services to those who need them.
The profession is ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------, a professional is said to be an expert in his field. Ethical codes are developed by
the professional body which must be followed by the professionals, to ensure uniformity in their work.
Example: ------------------------------------------------------------------- Accountant etc.
Key Differences between Occupation and Profession
The major --------------------------------------------------------------- discussed as under:
1. An activity performed by ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------education or skills is required.
2. Unlike ------------------------------------------------------------------- of conduct.
3. Occupation does -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------training is a must.
4. In general, the -------------------------------------------------------------------- while an occupation is not.
5. A person doing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------to his knowledge and expertise.
6. The profession is also --------------------------------------------------------------------- his skills and expertise.
7. A professional is ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------has to follow the commands of his supervisors.
8. There are some ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------is not backed with such responsibilities.
9. The basic pay -------------------------------------------------------------- in occupation.
10. The ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- to the occupation.
Conclusion
After the above discussion, it can -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------high recognition from the society, Professionals are mainly
known by their jobs, and that is why they receive a high level of respect and recognition from the society.

8. 3. Briefly define and discuss the dynamics of diversity, power, and mentorship in an organisational set
up. Explain with suitable organisational examples. Briefly explain the organisation and the situation
you are referring to.
Dynamics of diversity---------------------------------------------------------- set up-
Diversity
We often hear the term “diversity” bandied about in ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------in a setting wherein there is no
discrimination based on these traits.
In an organizational context, ------------------------------------------------------- without any bias because of these traits.
Indeed, it has become ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------can be actualized. However, this does not mean that organizational diversity
has succeeded or it has become the norm in organizations. Rather, there are many barriers to diversity even after strenuous
efforts by ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------- diverse backgrounds working alongside.
In the United States, the ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------follow the letter of the law but also the spirit of the law. This is
reflected in the equal opportunity employer law, which states that organizations cannot discriminate against potential job
applicants on race, gender, ethnicity, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------needs to be a mindset change apart from brining in laws that
would make acceptance of diversity that much easier.
Examples of Diversity in an Organization
As the population --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------an organization extends beyond hiring employees of various ethnic
backgrounds. It involves embracing and -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------businesses.
Fair Representation in Advertising- When a --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------diversity in your customers, people from various ethnic
backgrounds or even a same-sex couple in -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------by representing those people in your advertisements.
Recruiting at Minority Events- Minority ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------to secure positions with companies. If you're looking to
recruit employees, rent a booth at these events, or host your own networking mixers. Ensure that the language and images on
your signage are designed to attract -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------posted on their job boards, blogs and social networking sites.
Develop a Job Rotation Schedule- Diversity --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------allow employees to learn what co-workers do and how
that contributes to the success of the ------------------------------------------------------------------------ and see firsthand how
diverse the workplace is.
Celebrate Cultural Holidays- Rather than -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------and values. Sponsor an international potluck lunch, and ask
that each guest bring a meal from his ethnic ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------dress that represents
their heritage, or a heritage they admire.
Teach Employees Another Language- The ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------phrases in Spanish to help them interact more efficiently
with customers. If your firm is in an area with a large ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------workers. Learning any language is enrichment

9. for your employees, and doing so teaches them about the importance of diversity within your organization and throughout
the world.
Power-
Power refers to the -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------1959, American sociologists John French and Bertram Raven published an
article, "The Bases of ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------, expert and reward power.
Legitimate Power- Legitimate ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------, for example, require junior workers to report to managers and
give managers the power to --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------. An example of legitimate power is that held by a company's CEO.
Referent Power- Referent power is derived ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------like them. Referent power arises from charisma, as the
charismatic person influences others via the admiration, respect and trust others have for her. Referent power is also derived
from personal connections that a person --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------generates her power over others.
Coercive Power- Coercive power is ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------to avoid disciplinary action from his boss. Coercive power is,
therefore, a person's ability to punish, fire ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------policies and norms.
Reward Power- Reward ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------positive appraisals and promotions. In an organization, people who wield
reward power tend to influence the actions of other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------employees and diminish their output.
Expert power- Knowledge is power. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------solving skills. People who have expert power perform critical
tasks and are therefore deemed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------of expert power is normally a stepping stone to other sources of power
such as legitimate power. For example, a person who ---------------------------------------------- giving him legitimate power.
Example of Power-
For example, let's say you're a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------to be worth millions of dollars. Your word processing program
crashes, and you think you may have lost the legal complaint. The court clerk's office closes in less than one hour, not nearly
enough time to redraft. You approach --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------. For that brief moment, who had the power? Who follows
whose order?
There's a catch-22 when power is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------will diminish if she shares her knowledge. Why? As others learn
the knowledge and skills from the leader -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------choices: share the knowledge or withhold the knowledge.
If the knowledge ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------as it could be overtime.
Mentorship-
Successful companies large and small use mentoring to -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. In fact, corporate mentoring is on the
rise with 71 percent of Fortune 500 companies 8
offering professional mentoring programs to their employees. What ways

10. are these successful ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------, diversity mentoring, reverse mentoring, and knowledge transfer.
1. Employee Career Development
To retain skilled ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------development is a top driver of engagement, and is more important than
leadership, culture, and compensation.
By encouraging a learning culture -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------nature of mentoring develops individuals and interpersonal links
between individuals, which increases engagement. Corporate mentoring enables both career development and leadership
development to help employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------, more effective organization.
2. Leadership Development
High potentials are an ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------be able to appoint suitable leaders at the top when needed—which is crucial
to the health and future of every organization.
However, because high potentials are so -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------what they need to excel in prospective new roles.
Professional mentoring programs are an effective ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------potentials with leaders, top performers, and each
other across the company, high potentials learn ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------resources, to keep costs to a minimum.
3. Diversity Mentoring
A diverse workforce is --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------ideas, knowledge, and experiences on a level playing field.
Through diversity initiatives, -------------------------------------------culture and learn of their own importance to their company.
Mentoring creates an environment of trust, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and find solutions. As a result, it inspires employees to
perform to their highest ability.
Mentoring not only helps organizations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------corporations differentiate themselves from their
competitors and gain new clients while providing long-term support for their employees.
4. Reverse Mentoring
Popular among companies that ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------newcomer.
It differs from traditional mentoring ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------technologies and workplace trends.
Reverse mentoring is generally ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------management issues.
5. Knowledge Transfer
Helping employees acquire ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------. It supports short- and longer-term situational as well as topical
learning between individuals -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------knowledge and skills in an environment that promotes rapid learning.
Because 80 percent of learning is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------productivity, and helps employees align to business strategy. In

11. addition, knowledge transfer fuels succession planning, ensuring that once executives retire, someone with plenty of
company knowledge will be ready to step into place.
Example-
Mentoring example from Hewlett-Packard: "Jenny, a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Jenny is pointed to places on the Internet
where frogs are discussed and is now in communication with a leading scientist in Europe who is conducting acid rain
research using....yes, frogs. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------scientist while conducting frog research. Jenny's math scores begin to
improve and she is enjoying school again."
Some other examples are as follows-
Morgan Stanley -
Morgan Stanley put a ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------women to engage and grow within the company. Barbara Adolph, the
executive in charge of the program, began by seeking input from a range of different departments to get a clear picture of
what made for a good Morgan Stanley -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------diversity. With 63% of women having never had a mentor,
a program like this one can be a major selling point for recruiters.
General Electric
General Electric’s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------and like many mentorship programs is designed to train and encourage a new
generation of leaders. A rotational structure means that -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to take on leadership roles in their chosen
business sector.
Intel
The mentorship program at ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------specific goal of transferring skills between employees, regardless of
their job title or experience level. Instead of matching high-level executives with newer hired, people are matched based on
their strengths, to transfer knowledge efficiently. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------directly with someone who knows what they
need to know.
DHL Express
Shipping giant DHL Express -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------. The program carefully chose both mentors that were eager to
develop new talent and mentees that had a clear picture of --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------are completely invested in the outcome.
Corporate mentorship programs can ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------create a culture and business environment that is overall more
attractive and better regarded.
4. Explain various facets of knowledge management and its approaches. How could professional
knowledge and expertise be leveraged in an organisational set up? Explain with suitable examples.
Briefly describe the organisation you are referring to.
Various ------------------------------------------- management-
“Knowledge management ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- implement it in organizations.”
In organizational context, the ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------about their potential business competitors in present and future, their
clients and scientific and technological progresses which could be replaced by their goods and services.

12. Knowledge management is a is a --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------a company’s intellectual capital and to foster a culture of
continuous learning and knowledge -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------relationships, processes, innovations, and discoveries. A
complete knowledge management system ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------and to share knowledge throughout the organization.
Knowledge in --------------------------------------------- distinct categories -
1. EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE
2. TACIT KNOWLEDGE
Explicit knowledge is that ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------and can be easily communicated and shared.
Tacit knowledge is that -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------or apprehend.
KM ENHANCES ---------------------------------------------------:-
Knowledge management is at the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------, individual’s insight and understanding. It is not just what is
present in the written or documented form within the organization but also in the practices, routines, and processes as well as
in the workforce of the organization. The ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------knowledge management. It has been identified as one of
the most important activities in any -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------will help an organization survive.
Knowledge management is a process ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------pursuit of organizational goals, these activities mainly
involve acquiring, creating, ------------------------------------------------------------- and deploying knowledge.
For e.g. – An Organization needs to be ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------control and communication.
---------------------------------------- management-
Knowledge management is ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------. There are three driving forces behind the surge of interest in
knowledge management. First, a large part of the momentum comes from the rapid advances in information technology that
make it possible to share explicit knowledge more -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------natural resources to intellectual capital, top
executives have found it imperative to appraise their organizations’ knowledge resources and how to leverage them. Finally,
the growing interest in knowledge ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------knowledge and for capturing both explicit and tacit knowledge
and getting it to the right place at the right time.
Here in this assignment, four -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------have been discussed.
1- The Mechanistic Approach -The ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------of this approach include: Better accessibility to information
is a key, including enhanced methods of access and reuse of documents.
2- The Systematic Approach- The -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------create value. A Knowledge management system involves the
representation, acquisition, creation, usage and ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------management.
Some key ------------------------------------------------------------ are as follows:

13. The most important thing is to -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------possible. However, many aspects of organizational knowledge
could be modelled as an explicit and observable resource. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------work and to solve knowledge problems
by applying the traditional methods of analysis. Therefore cultural issues are important but their analysis should be done
systematically. This probability exists that ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- resolve knowledge problems.
3- Core Competency- Approach One way --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------are two distinct concepts, though complementary but
each of them is a component of organizational identity. Core competencies approach is a mechanism to convert core
knowledge capabilities to goods and services. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------customers. These capabilities include high-speed
delivery of new products to markets, product -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------as a key for organization success.
4- Cultural/ Behavioral Approach- This ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------approach, although technology is necessary for the
management of explicit knowledge resources, it is not the only solution for -----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------manipulating explicit resources or
knowledge creation.
The dissemination and sharing of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------enable us to access the diverse resources of intelligence. The
key assumptions of this approach are as follows: In information-intensive environments where organizations are losing their
efficiency and effectiveness according to the business -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------while traditional technologies and solutions
have reached their boundaries of effectiveness.
Leveraging ---------------------------------------- and Expertise-
What’s the ultimate purpose of all these mechanisms? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------we are talking about electronic libraries or communities
of practice, is to leverage professional knowledge and expertise. Rather than having separate pockets of expertise scattered
about the organization, knowledge management systems -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------knowledge. Consulting firms often set up databases
of best practices that include detailed descriptions of projects so that consultants around the world can draw on one another’s
expertise. Other organizations create electronic libraries -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------knowledge management has enabled the company tor
reduce costs by as much as $1 billion.
Mechanisms such as databases, knowledge ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------However, in order to leverage tacit knowledge professional
insights and understanding that cannot be stored in a database organization use mechanisms such as dialogue, storytelling,
and communities of practice. When people talk openly -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------goal of leveraging professional knowledge.
For example, one large consumer ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------, the task was completed. However, the resulting database was of little use-it
simply did not capture the nuances, details, and insights that people needed to improve their work. Although computer
technology can be highly useful for --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------organizational culture and management practices to encourage and support
knowledge sharing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------approaches to:
1) Identify which Intellectual Capital (-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------paradigms and work products;
2) Provide and transform the required knowledge- and ascertain that it is continually renewed; and

14. 3) Ascertain that- all available ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- wherever appropriate.
4) Govern knowledge management-related processes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, infrastructure, and leadership.
Incremental knowledge management (-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------activity – an incremental improvement on ‘business-as-usual’ and does
not focus on ascertaining that the knowledge assets are applied.
Enterprises that pursue broad and -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------are vigilant in their focus on making knowledge work effectively as the chief
enabler of enterprise success. These sub practices include efforts to:
---------------------- – Supportive Culture: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------focus on delivering quality work without delay – i.e., “getting the
right thing done as soon and with as little fuss as possible!”
Provide S-------------Understanding: Develop a ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------own interest.
Focus the ---------------------------------------- with Enterprise Direction: Practitioners of comprehensive KM identify ---------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------are well maintained.
Practice Accelerated Learning: Pursue a -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------. The impetus is on making important knowledge flow rapidly, in
proper quantities, in well-represented and effective ways, and to all valuable destinations.
Create Supportive Infrastructure Capabilities: --------------------------------- needed and effective supports for KM.
Provide Effective --------------------------- Management Practice: Monitor, ----------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------their activities and priorities
include the ‘Institutional Knowledge Evolution Cycle’ indicated in Figure 1 and the ‘Personal Knowledge Evolution Cycle’
indicated in Figure 2.
The Institutional ---------------------------------------------- stages in the pathway:
1) Knowledge Development: Knowledge is ---------------------------------------------------- importation from outside;

15. 2) Knowledge Acquisition – ------------------------------------------------------ use and further treatment;
3) Knowledge ----------------------: Knowledge is ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- to be useful;
4) ---------------------- and Development: Knowledge is distributed to points of- Action (PoAs) through education, training
programs, automated knowledge based ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------is applied or otherwise leveraged. By using (applying) knowledge, it
becomes the basis for further learning and innovation as explained by other mechanisms.
The personal Knowledge Evolution --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------to be better understood and useful.
The five stages are:
1) Tacit s------------------ knowledge: This -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- new concept.
2) Idealistic --------------------- Knowledge: Part of ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------well known, it is tacit, and only accessible non-consciously
3) Systematic Schema ---------------------------- Knowledge: Our knowledge --------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ well known to us.
4) Pragmatic Decision: Making ---------------------------------------------------------------, and is used consciously.
5) ---------------------------------------- Knowledge: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------conscious reasoning.
Knowledge may grow from ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------. From well established knowledge we then start to glimpse new ideas and
concepts through creativity and innovation.
Example- (Tata Steel)
Like all major steel makers--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------this burden continued to be an expensive proposition for the company until Tata
Steels -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------implemented right away.
Tata Steel claims that --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------Rs 10 lakh during 2003-04.
As the company strives to ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------into this fold. Says Ravi Arora, head of Knowledge Management at Tata Steel, So
far, we have been able to connect about 8,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------interacting in the English language.
Knowledge Management was initiated at -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------of innovation, growth and value today. Knowledge Management was
brought under the more ambitious ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------is increasingly gaining critical mass.
While the Tatas are also on the --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------Tata Group companies with Tata Steel.
According to Arora, Tata Steel --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------04, up from Rs 14.80 crore during 2002-03.

16. New Task
While knowledge sharing has ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------step, Tata Steel will connect its subsidiaries.
Tata Steel is planning to -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------rolls. The Knowledge Management framework at Tata Steel rests on a Knowledge
Repository which was created as per guidelines laid down by consulting firm McKinsey. The repository was built up initially
with voluntary contributions from officers -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------, customer and supplier knowledge etc.
Sharing --------------------------------
The Knowledge Repository was -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------learn from one another. There are 29 such communities that are in existence
today. They exchange e-mails giving valuable information that can be adopted by others, says Mr Arora.
He also adds that writing mails --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------it a mandatory practice.
For example, the Tata Steel -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------community may recommend the use of this grease to their counterpart in Tata
Tinplate, explains Arora.
Another significant development of --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------problem may seek advice from experts who are available online.
Currently, there are about 250 such experts at Tata Steel who provide expert assistance to the employees.
However, Tata Steels claims of --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------years in other organizations, says a spokesperson of Steel Authority of India
Ltd (SAIL), the country’s largest steel maker.
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