one of the presentations of Wordpress Nigeria during the Social Media Week by Chris Emenike

1. WORDPRESS
SECURITY
#smwWordpressNG
Following Best Practices of Securing a
“WordPress” Site
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka @CCEmenike

2. SETTING THE STAGE RIGHT….
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Who am I?
My Goals and Objectives today
Tiers of WordPress Security
Getting the Raw Facts Out
The Standard 3 Musketeers
WYMK – hydra
Defending Territories
General Rule of Thumb
Hungry for More Resources
Q & A – Further Support
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

3. EMENIKE Christian aka Mysterioux
Aspiring CISSP, Security Analyst &
Research Consultant, Open
Source Addict & Trainer, Current
WordPress Lover, Web Tech
Savvy, Linux + Android Fan & a
Religious Geek
Co-Founder – SabiNovates Inc
Read my random thoughts @ ccemenike.com
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

4. Objectives and Goals…
Objectives:
To enlighten us on the need to take “SECURITY” serious when
using WordPress or building Websites/WebApps in general
Goals:
 Increase the awareness of WordPress Security from all
development standpoint levels
 Share best practices, tips and plugins to improve WordPress
Security
 Point us to more useful resources to harden Security
 Put a smile on everyone face before leaving
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

5. The Tiers of WordPress Security…
Considering the different personalities , I will assume you belong to
the following group:
 BEGINNER (You know your way around WordPress)
 INTERMEDIATE (You are doing some extra settings and
customizations with WordPress)
 ADVANCED (You can break, repair, create and build functionalities
from ground-up in WordPress)
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

6. WHAT IS SECURITY?
Different people, different meanings.
Protecting things of value from
harm’s way.
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

7. IS MY SITE SECURE?
Is any site?
The percentage of risk can never be 0!
Key objective: Minimize risk
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

8. ARE YOU SECURE LOCALLY?
My machine is my castle!
Think of your local environment as if it was a medieval castle and you’re the queen or
king. You & your queen/kingdom must be protected.
Keep your computer up to date
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Ensure you’re patching or installing
updates ASAP
Automatic updates rock!
Install an anti-virus solution
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Ensure you’re keeping definitions current
Automatic updates aren’t a bad idea here
either!
Yes, personal firewalls still apply!
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

9. CONNECTING SECURELY?
Who’s watching?
It’s your information, but who’s watching & listening? You may be a network geek at
home, but what happens at Starbucks?
Your Internet Connection
Use SSL whenever possible, especially on an unverified connection.
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HTTPS - great way to ensure transactions & traffic are traveling with security in
mind.
Connecting To Your Site(s)
Consider using sFTP/SSH vs. FTP
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Still widely marketed, but did you know your credentials are passed unencrypted
when using FTP
If FTP is unavoidable, deny anonymous login, limit connections, practice least
privilege
Don’t store your credentials in your FTP client.
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

10. WHERE YOU VISIT
This place sells fake anti-virus
Just because your website is super ninja like doesn’t mean others are too. Most
desktop viruses and malware these days are passed via infected websites.
Safe Browsing
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Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -
Use NoScript extension for Firefox
It’s OK to be skeptical. Not sure, ask
questions!
Disable pop-ups

11. HERE’S MY PASSWORD
It’s password
Passwords are like toothbrushes, you should keep them to yourself. And discard them,
and get a new one, if they have been used by others.
Password Management
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Change passwords often
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Don’t share your passwords
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Avoid writing passwords down
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Use a password manager
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KeePass Password Safe
LastPass
1Password
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -
ZoneAlarm by Check Point

12. Getting the Facts Out Quickly…
Let me clear some airwaves first before we dive in:
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THERE’S ALWAYS A RISK:
Your website can never be 100% secure..(that’s impossible)
Good security is about minimizing risk.
Any 100% secure solution is seriously a Scam.
You’ll never be completely safe, but there’s a lot you can do to
minimize your risk.
• Before you show the world your awesome, think LONG TIME RISK
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

13. Getting the Facts Out Quickly…
Let me clear some airwaves first before we dive in:
2. TO BE FULLY SECURED .VS. EASE OF USE OR BOTH:
• There’s a fine balance between security and ease of use.
• Sometimes locking down your site makes it secure, but it’s hard to
use. Sometimes making your site easier to use makes it less
secure. You’ll have to find the balance.
• You have to balance the Cost between User Access to your
resources and Prevent Unauthorized Entering to Sensitive
Resources without overload
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

14. Getting the Facts Out Quickly…
Let me clear some airwaves first before we dive in:
3. WORDPRESS CANNOT BE BLAMED:
• Critics says that “WordPress isn’t secure”. (That’s not necessarily
true—it depends on how you set up and use WordPress).
• More than 17% of the Websites online are powered by WordPress
making it a huge target market for Hackers – Be updated and
follow best practices to lock down your site.
• Many security issues have little to do with WordPress and more to
do with server vulnerabilities, cross-contamination and poor
passwords. Bad decisions can undermine your site, and that’s true
whether you’re using WordPress or any other solution. So don’t
blame your security woes on WordPress (its unfair).
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

15. THE 3 MUSKETEERS OF SITE SECURITY…
PROTECTION
DETECTION
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -
RECOVERY

16. THE 3 MUSKETEERS OF SITE SECURITY…
PROTECTION
First and foremost you need to
lock down your site and keep it
safe. You’ve got to raise the
drawbridge, lower the gate,
ignite the flammable moat and
do whatever else you can to
stop attacks before they start.
This is the obvious first step and
kind of hard to ignore: protect
your site. In other words:
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Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -
Love your Site
Love your Data
Protect your investment

17. THE 3 MUSKETEERS OF SITE SECURITY…
DETECTION
No matter how good your protection is the
bad guys might find a way to hurt your
site. And you need to know when an
attack is happening. The attack won’t
always be a full frontal assault that makes
it painfully obvious your site has been
hacked. It’s no good to have all kinds of
protection but then not know when some
malicious virus found a weak spot and
broke through. You need to detect attacks
as they are happening. In other words:
“WHO GOES THERE?”
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

18. THE 3 MUSKETEERS OF SITE SECURITY…
RECOVERY
Finally, you need a plan to get your site up
and running again after it’s been knocked
down. These things happen. The best
protection and detection strategies can
still be foiled and you need to be prepared.
Why worry about the worst-case scenario
when a little preparation will have you
covered? Plus, a good backup is important
for other reasons besides security. In other
words:
“I’ve got your Back Buddy”
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

19. WYMK (What You Must Know) - hydra
1. KNOW YOUR ENEMY
• They’ve got the time
• They’re quite intelligent
• Attacks are mostly automated in
nature
• Some of them are organized
• Owe one, own them all hack policies
• Their Goal is to impact on
QUANTITY
• Most attacks are not Personal
• They want to spread new “evil” and
‘inventions”
• They are serious and determine –
they mean BUSINESS
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

20. WYMK (What You Must Know) - hydra
2. KNOW YOUR ARCHITECTURE
Linux Operating System
Apache
WordPress
CPANEL
Plesk
MySQL
phpMyAdmin
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -
PHP-CGI
PHP
Modules
Modules

21. WYMK (What You Must Know) - hydra
2. KNOW YOUR ARCHITECTURE - more
WORDPRESS
THEMES
PLUGINS
WIDGETS
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -
FILES
DIRECTORY
CUSTOM
CODE
OTHERS

22. WYMK (What You Must Know) - hydra
SAMPLE HACKS ON SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
• Apache
– Malicious module injects iFrames
– http://blog.unmaskparasites.com/2012/09/10/malicious-apache-moduleinjects-iframes/
• phpMyAdmin
– Mirror Hacked
– http://sourceforge.net/blog/phpmyadmin-back-door/
• PHP-CGI
– Remote Code Execution
– http://blog.sucuri.net/2012/05/php-cgi-vulnerability-exploited-in-thewild.html
• Plesk
– Vulnerable to SQLi attacks
– http://blog.sucuri.net/2012/06/plesk-vulnerability-leading-to-malware.html
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

23. KEEPING IT SECURED AND SIMPLE -KISS
DEFENDING TERRITORIES USING COMMON SENSE
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

24. BASICS PRACTICES
• Change database prefix (wp_)..when installing a
wordPress site or use wp-security-scan plugin
• Never in your entire life - should you make user of
"admin" as your username.
• For the sake of your future, provide a "strong password"
- ~1LuvWpr@ss.C0m (500years to crack) – you could use
KeepPass (I highly recommend it)
• Keep your WordPress Sites up-to-date (core, themes,
plugins etc)
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

25. BASICS PRACTICES
• Manage your users if providing access to the backend. Your
strong password is useless if another admin is weak. Give access
to the right person and enforce strong password policies
• Configure your WordPress Settings first before doing anything
else - please its my own recommendation
• REMOVE any irrelevant files that might expose information that
might compromise you WordPress site
• BACKUP! BACKUP! BACKUP! – schedule your backups (Use the
following plugins: Backwpup, BackUpWordPress
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

26. BASICS PRACTICES
• Don’t trust the code based of plugins/themes do some
digging
• Protect your /wp-admin using .htaccess
• Disable theme and plugin editing @ the backend:
define(“DISALLOW_FILE_EDIT”, TRUE) in the wp-config.php
file
• Set the permissions on your files (644) and Directories
(755)
• Use https over http when accessing /wp-admin
define(“FORCE_SSL_LOGIN”, true)
Define(“FORCE_SSL_ADMIN”, true)
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

27. BASICS PRACTICES
• From Version 2.6, you can now move wpconfig.php to the root document (e.g.
/public_html
• Remove Error message from the Login Page,
Insert into themes functions.php
add_filter('login_errors',create_function('$a',"ret
urn null;"));
"Let the hacker work for it...don't give them a
clue“
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

28. BASICS PRACTICES
• Limit Database Users to just (Create, Delete,
Update, Insert, F
• Make use of “Silence is golden” in each
directory i.e. blank index.php file with 644
permission
• Security cannot be kept in automatic, get
involved seeking for ways to stay informed
• Don’t forget to read the server logs once in a
while… it helps
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

29. KEEPING IT SECURED AND SIMPLE -KISS
DEFENDING TERRITORIES USING PLUGINS
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

30. BASICS PRACTICES
The best few security plugins that must be
installed in all sites:
1. Sucuri-Scanner
2. Security WordPress by Acunetix
3. Exploit Scanner
4. WordFence
5. Better-wp-Security
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

31. GENERAL RULE OF THUMB
SANDBOX ENVIRONMENT
-Make sure your Operating System is running an
updated version
-Make sure you are using a legal and update copy
of an antivirus software on your system
-Make use of SFTP than FTP when uploading or
access files online – in regards to what
application. Ask your host for such an access
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

32. GENERAL RULE OF THUMB
HOSTING ACCOUNT
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Beware of free/cheap shared hosting accounts
Look for hosts with experience hosting WordPress sites
Look for hosts with solid support
Look for hosts that are transparent: who communicate quickly
and post issues online
Make sure your host does regular backups than you can access
Call your potential host to find out which versions of Apache
Web Server, MySQL, and PHP they're running. Check the versions
release dates with a Google search
Ask your host for written documents containing their server data
backup, failover, and update or maintenance policy. If they don't
have them, find another host
Recommended Host: Hostdime, Siteground, WP Engine
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

33. GENERAL RULE OF THUMB
WORDPRESS SITES
• Keep WordPress, themes, and plugins up to date. Always, Period
• Backup your site before you update WordPress, Theme, and/or
plugins.
• Disable unused user accounts
• Never use "Admin" as your username. Ever
• Grant users the minimum privilege they need to do their jobs
• Require strong passwords
• Use KeePass to create strong passwords
• Use a different, strong password for every site log in
• Lock down the WordPress admin dashboard (/wp-admin) using an
.htaccess file
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

34. GENERAL RULE OF THUMB
WORDPRESS SITES
• Enable SSL on your WP Install
• Change your passwords once a month. Set a reminder in your
calendar if you have to
• Do backups...Recommended
• Set file permissions at 644 and 755 for folders
• Ensure that the permissions on wp-config.php are not world
readable especially in a shared hosting environment
• Consider adding HTTP authentication to your /wp-admin
• Read Sucuri.net's blog (http://blog.sucuri.net)
• Read Google's Security Blog
(http://googleonlinesecurity.blogspot.com)
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

35. GENERAL RULE OF THUMB
CHOOSING THE RIGHT PLUGIN
• ASK the obvious questions:
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Take a good look at the plugin page
Do I know the Author
How often do they update the plugin
When was it last update?
How many people use the plugin
• Look for WordPress Plugin API hooks, actions, and filters
• Look for properly sanitized data and MySQL statements, unique
namespace items, use of the Settings API for any plugin settings
or options.
• Check out how quickly the developer responds to support
requests
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

36. GENERAL RULE OF THUMB
CHOOSING THE RIGHT PLUGIN
• - Look for plugins that use nonces (a "number used once" to
protect URLs and forms from being misued and spit out a 403
Forbidden response) e.g.
http://codex.wordpress.org/WordPress_Nonces
• Check out forum threads to see how well the plugin is supported
• Is the developer a known and respected member of the
community?
• Look for a plugin that does one or two tasks really well
• If two plugins do similar things, choose the one with the higher
download count
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

37. MORE RESOURCES – Free Themes
Trusted sources you can source for Free Themes
WordPress.org Theme Directory
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http://wordpress.org/extend/themes/
WooThemes
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http://www.woothemes.com/themes/free/
Themelab
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http://www.themelab.com/free-wordpress-themes
Theme Hybrid
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http://themehybrid.com/
ThemeShaper(Thematic)
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http://themeshaper.com
Graph Paper Press
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http://graphpaperpress.com/themes/
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

38. MORE RESOURCES – Plugins & Others
Knowing exactly what works with your themes is critical
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Sucuri WordPress Security http://wordpress.org/plugins/sucuri-scanner
BulletProof Security - http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/bulletproofsecurity/
Secure WordPress - http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/secure-wordpress
WordFence – http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wordfence
Better-Wp-Security – http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/better-wp-security
Exploit Scanner – http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/exploit-scanner
SECURE – http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/secure
http://www.wpsecuritychecklist.com (WordPress Security Checklist)
Mark Jaquith – http://markjaquith.com (Secure coding in wordpress)
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

39. MORE RESOURCES – Documentations
Security Related Codex Articles
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http://codex.wordpress.org/Hardening_WordPress
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http://codex.wordpress.org/Changing_File_Permissions
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http://codex.wordpress.org/Editing_wp-config.php
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http://codex.wordpress.org/htaccess_for_subdirectories
Blog Security Articles
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http://blog.sucuri.net/2010/11/yet-another-wordpress-security-post-part-one.html
http://www.wpbeginner.com/wp-tutorials/11-vital-tips-and-hacks-to-protect-yourwordpress-admin-area/
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http://www.growmap.com/wordpress-exploits/
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http://wpcandy.com/teaches/security-tips
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http://semlabs.co.uk/journal/how-to-stop-your-wordpress-blog-getting-hacked/
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http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/18-useful-plugins-and-hacks-to-protect-yourwordpress-blog/
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

40. MORE RESOURCES – PENTEST
CMS Explorer is designed to reveal the specific modules,
plugins, components and themes that Various CMS driven
websites are running. Currently supports Drupal, Joomla,
WordPress and Mambo. CMS Explorer can also search
OSVDB (Open Source Vulnerability Database Base) for
vulnerabilities with the installed component https://code.google.com/p/cms-explorer
WPScan - is a tool built with Ruby to provide a black box
WordPress Vulnerability Scanner - http://www.wpscan.org
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

41. IT STARTS WITH YOU!
REMEMBER!!!
Before you show the world your
awesomeness, think long term.
An integrated approach to
security, beginning to end, will
help protect your investment,
and your visitor safety.
Information security
is everyone’s
responsibility
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

42. MUCH GRATITUDE
Special thanks to the following for their profound knowledge
1. Dre Armeda (Co-Founder Sucuri.net) -permission to use
revamp his slides
2. Racheal Backer (rachelbaker.me) - hidden thoughts
3. Brad Williams (webdevstudios.com) -secured coding
4. John Ford (johnford.is) -serve issues
5. Seye Kuyinu (seyekuyinu.com) - for the inspiration to
start a blog
6. WordPress Security (http://vip.wordpress.com/security)
– keeping the core of wordpress safe (25 Experts in all)
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

43. COMMERCIAL BREAK
Need to audit your wordpress site(s),
monitor your wordpress site(s) or
provide security solutions to your
wordrpess site(s)….
HEY! I’M HERE TO HELP….
(1Hr Free Consulting every Wednesday)
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -

44. EMENIKE Christian aka Mysterioux
THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME
Hey! Stay Safe out there…
Co-Founder – SabiNovates Inc
Read my random thoughts
ccemenike.com
08034699500
sabinovates@gmail.com
Emenike Christian Chukwuemeka -