Topic in Linguistics assignment. Topic assigned: programmed instruction

1. Programmed instruction
By: Dayanara Loján

2. Programmed instruction
“A progressively monitored, step-by-
step teaching method,
employing small units of
information or learning material and
frequent testing, whereby the
student must complete or pass one
stage before moving on to the next.”
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/program
med+instruction

3. • Practical application of the behaviourist
approach.
• Why? Behaviourism believes that
learning is a sequenced activity/
process.
• Also called Programmed learning.

4. Programmed
instruction
• Students can learn a wide range of things with
small steps that require a response.
• Machine-like learning.

5. Programmed
instruction
• In 1912, the first idea of automated book was
created. The second page ONLY after the first
is accomplished.
• Related to the machine of Sidney L. Pressey.

6. • “The teaching machine is
composed of mainly a
program, which is a system of
combined teaching and test
items that carries the student
gradually through the material
to be learned. The "machine"
is composed by a fill-in-the-blank
method on either a
workbook or in a computer.
• http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Programmed_instructi
on

7. • “If the subject is correct, he/she gets
reinforcement and moves on to the next
question. If the answer is incorrect, the subject
studies the correct answer to increase the
chance of getting reinforced next time.”
• http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Programmed_instruction

8. • The American Journal of Nursing (May, 1965)
Francis Mechner stated that:
• A tutor is not necessary.
• It is a teaching technique which holds great
promise for the future-a technique which seems
to be particularly useful for continuing education.

9. Advantages for
teachers
• It could increase the learner autonomy.
• Different levels in the same class- Problem-
Not any more.

10. Advantages for learners
• Too fast students – penalized.
• Too slow- poorly taught.

11. • Student could go at their own speed. His
answers are not compared to the ones from
others.

12. • Computers were a key way of
achieving programmed instruction.
HOWEVER:
• Teaching about language but
WHAT ABOUT
COMMUNICATION?

13. Practical examples
• We see things around us all the
time. To talk about these things
we need to use their names
eg car, tv and mobile. These
words are name-words because
they are names of a thing. They
are called nouns in grammer. The
words curtain, laptop, CD are all
examples of ________.
• Taken from http://programmedinstruction.tiddlyspot.com/

14. Practical examples

15. Practical examples

16. Sources:
• Where it is not mentioned another source, the information comes
from:
• Teaching and Researching Computing-assisted Language Learning.
Ken Beatty (2010)
• http://programmedinstruction.tiddlyspot.com/
• First practical example from:
http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Programmed_instruction
• http://www.uky.edu/~gmswan3/575/Mechner_1965.pdf
• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/programmed+instruction
• http://sugusdelima.deviantart.com/art/Rilakkuma-Wallpaper-pink-
114394273
• Image (second practical example) from:
http://viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/et-it/latutor2.jpg