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Citrix Support Secrets
Webinar Series
Troubleshooting Provisioning Services Target
Boot Processes
Konstantin Cvetanov– PVS Escalation Engineer
December 5th 2013
PVS Boot Process Demystified!
PVS is not magic

PVS does not use alien technology

PVS is cool technology

2

© 2013 Citrix
Agenda
• PXE Specification

• PVS Boot Process
ᵒIP Acquisition
ᵒBootstrap Download
ᵒPVS Logon Process
ᵒSingle read Mode
ᵒBNISTACK / MIO Read Mode

• Resources
• Questions

3

© 2013 Citrix
PXE Specification
PXE (Pre-boot Execution Environment)
DHCP Server
1
2
3

TFTP Server

4
5

PXE Client
6

5

© 2013 Citrix

NFS Server
Normal PC Boot Process (abridged)

Target Device

PC starts up
BIOS  POST
Identify boot device
Load operating system

6

© 2013 Citrix
Normal PC Boot vs. PXE Boot

Target Device

PC starts up

PVS Server

BIOS  POST
Identify boot device
PXE boot:
Load Get IP address
operating system
Get NBP name / location
Local HDD

Get NBP
vDisk

NBP initializes

Connect to network resource
Load operating system
7

© 2013 Citrix
PVS Boot Process
PVS Boot Process
• The following five steps make up the PVS Boot Process:
ᵒIP Acquisition
ᵒBootstrap Download
ᵒPVS Logon Process
ᵒSingle Read Mode

ᵒBNISTACK / MIO Read Mode

9

© 2013 Citrix
IP Acquisition
DHCP – Using Scope Options
DHCP
Server

PVS Server

DHCP ACK
DHCPDISCOVER
DHCP REQUEST
DHCPOFFER

TFTP Server Name
Bootfile Name
DHCP
Client

11

© 2013 Citrix
DHCP – with PXE Service
DHCP
Server

PVS Server

DHCP ACK
DHCPDISCOVER SERVICE
DHCP REQUEST
PVS
DHCPOFFERPXE

TFTP Server Name
Bootfile Name
DHCP
Client

12

© 2013 Citrix
Citrix Boot ISO with Statically Assigned IPs

13

© 2013 Citrix
IP Acquisition - Troubleshooting

Spanning Tree Protocol

14

© 2013 Citrix
Capture Software

15

© 2013 Citrix
Capture Guidelines
• Whenever possible capture both a server-side and target side trace

• Try to capture a good vs. bad trace

• Get all of the IP/MAC information pertaining to a trace

16

© 2013 Citrix
Target Side capture methods
• XenServer
ᵒTCP Dump
ᵒhttp://support.citrix.com/article/CTX120869

• VMware
ᵒSet V-Switch into promiscuous mode
ᵒhttp://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?cmd=displayKC&externalId=1004
099

• Hyper-V
ᵒHost OS tracing
ᵒOnly works if the traffic leaves the Hyper-V Machine

17

© 2013 Citrix
Target Side capture methods – cont.
• Physical
ᵒPort Mirroring
ᵒUsing a Tap

18

© 2013 Citrix
Bootstrap Download
Bootstrap Download
ARDBP32.BIN – UDP Port 69

Citrix PVS
TFTP Service

TSBBDM.BIN – UDP Port 6969

Citrix PVS
Two-Stage
Boot Service

TSBOROM.BIN – UDP Port 6969

20

© 2013 Citrix

Citrix PVS
Two-Stage
Boot Service
Configuring the Bootstrap File

21

© 2013 Citrix
Bootstrap Download - Troubleshooting

22

© 2013 Citrix
Packet Capture PXE TFTP download

Provisioning Server 10.1.1.1
TFTP
DHCP
PXE
Target 10.1.1.100

23

© 2013 Citrix
Common Issues During DHCP TFTP Download
• Target does not receive IP address
• Target gets IP but times out to TFTP
• PXE Errors No bootstrap found
Provisioning Server 10.1.1.1
TFTP
DHCP
PXE

Target 10.1.1.100

24

© 2013 Citrix
PVS Logon Process
PVS Protocol
• UDP based

• Layer 7 additions – BNISTACK.SYS
ᵒSequencing/ Fragments

ᵒAcknowledgements
ᵒRetry mechanism

ᵒHeartbeat

26

© 2013 Citrix
PVS Login Sequence
Target Device

What Login IP:Port can I use?
Use this Login IP:Port
Login Server – Log me in; here’s my MAC address
Use this least busy server
Least busy server – what IO port should I use?
Use this IO port
Service my request for this disk on this device
All set – begin streaming

27

© 2013 Citrix

PVS Farm
Login Process Traffic

Provisioning Server 10.1.1.1

TFTP
Stream
Process
28

© 2013 Citrix

TFTP - Login

Target 10.1.1.100
PVS Login – Load Balancing

29

© 2013 Citrix
PVS Login - Troubleshooting
• Incorrect bootstrap information

• Stream service not started

• Target device does not exist in
database

• UDP port 6910 is blocked
30

© 2013 Citrix
Single Read Mode
Single Read Mode

32

© 2013 Citrix
Single Read Mode streaming

Stream
Process
33

© 2013 Citrix

OS Booting UNDI Driver

Target 10.1.1.100
Single Read Mode - troubleshooting

34

© 2013 Citrix
Slow Boot & Performance troubleshooting
• Network or Storage
ᵒSeparate the two
ᵒMove vdisk local to PVS server

• Storage related
ᵒTry different LUN or different NAS device
ᵒTry using locally attached LUN vs CIFS share

• Network related
ᵒBidirectional network trace
ᵒCheck all network devices for old or faulty connections

35

© 2013 Citrix
BNISTACK / MIO Read Mode
BNISTACK / MIO Read Mode

BNISTACK

•
•
•
•
•

37

© 2013 Citrix

Image Mode
Active Directory
Write Cache
Client Name
Licensing
BNISTACK / MIO Read Mode

38

© 2013 Citrix
MIO Read Mode

Provisioning Server 10.1.1.1
Stream
Process
39

© 2013 Citrix

Target 10.1.1.100
BNISTACK / MIO - Troubleshooting
Provisioning Services Antivirus Best Practices http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX124185

40

© 2013 Citrix
Retry Mechanism and HA Failover
• Target requests data block from vdisk
ᵒIf the server does not respond completely within 1 second timeout a retry is attempted

• During retry the timeout is doubled to 2 seconds
ᵒIf the server does not respond completely within 2 seconds the retry process repeats

• Each retry doubles the timeout to a maximum of 10 seconds

• After 10 consecutive retries for the same data an HA retry occurs
ᵒTarget device refers to the bootstrap for login info

41

© 2013 Citrix
PVS Login Sequence – HA Reconnect
Target Device

What Login IP:Port can I use?

PVS Farm

Use this Login IP:Port
HA reconnect
begins here

Login Server – Log me in; here’s my MAC address
Use this least busy server
Least busy server – what IO port should I use?
Use this IO port
Service my request for this disk on this device
All set – begin streaming

42

© 2013 Citrix

Non-HA reconnect
begins here
PVS Boot Process Summary
• Here is a summary of the PVS Boot Process:
ᵒIP Acquisition – The Target Device acquires an IP address.
ᵒBootstrap Download – The bootstrap file is downloaded.
ᵒPVS Logon Process – The Target Device logs on to PVS.
ᵒSingle Read Mode – Single read mode communication is established between the
Target Device and the PVS Server.
ᵒBNISTACK / MIO Read Mode – The BNISTACK driver on the Target Device takes over
communications with the PVS Server and Multiple I/O occurs.
43

© 2013 Citrix
PVS Boot Process Diagram
Citrix Provisioning Services (PVS) Boot Process
1

2

IP Acquisition
The PVS target device acquires an IP address using the DORA process. The following
configurations are supported:

4

Bootstrap Download

An IP Address is obtained using the following Discover, Offer,
Request and Acknowledge (DORA) process.

BNISTACK / MIO
During the final phase, the BNISTACK Driver is loaded and multiple I/O (MIO) begins

BNISTACK

DHCP
The TFTP Server Name is obtained from DHCP option 66 and the filename
is obtained from DHCP option 67.

1. The Target Device broadcasts DHCP Discover packets.

Simple Requests & Replies

DHCP Discover Broadcast
Target
Device

5

After a target device has logged into PVS and has been directed to a PVS Server for
streaming, the bootstrap file (ARDBP32.bin, TSBBDM.bin or TSBOROM.bin) will then
intercept any requests (i.e. hard disk requests) made to Interrupt 13.

The bootstrap file is downloaded from the TFTP Server to the Target Device using
the TFTP Server from DHCP option 66 and filename (ARDBP32.bin) from DHCP
option 67. TSBBDM.bin is downloaded if Boot Device Manager (BDM) is used and
TSBOROM.bin is used if the target devices use option ROM (OROM).

DHCP

Single Read Mode

v1.4

ARDBP32.bin

2. The DHCP Server sends a DHCP Offer packet to the
DHCP
Target Device with the IP address, Subnet Mask, lease time.
Default Gateway and DNS Server Domain Name information Server
to the Target Device.

3. The Target Device sends a unicast message to the DHCP
Server requesting the offered IP address. A Transaction ID is
used to track the accepted offer. The Target Device will send a
broadcast message notifying other DHCP Servers that the offer
from another DHCP Server was accepted.
DHCP Request

Target
Device

PVS
Server

Target
Device

DHCP Offer Packet

Target
Device

The Target Device and the PVS Server will continue to
communicate exchanging vDisk data until the Microsoft
PVS
Windows Operating Systems starts loading drivers and
Server
BNISTACK is successfully loaded.

MIO
Boot Device Manager (BDM)
During the MIO stage, the Target Device is operation and read /write
requests occur as follows: Typical Read Requests

BDM uses a two-stage boot process where the PVS location is hardcoded into
the bootstrap generated by BDM. The rest of the required boot information like
the low level PVS device drivers is downloaded from the PVS Server using a
proprietary download protocol based on TFTP that uses UDP port 6969.

4. The DHCP Server sends a DHCPACK packet to the Target Device.
DHCP Acknowledgement

Single Read Request
Packet
M
ul
PVS
ti
Server
pl
e
R
Typical Write Requests*
e
a
M
d
u
R
l
e
t
pl
i
PVS
Target
y
p
Server
Single Write Reply P
Confirmation Packet
l
Device
ac
e
ke
W
ts
r
*MIO writes occur when the vDisk is in private mode or the write
i
cache is configured for server side cache.
t
e

TSBBDM.bin

Network Booting – w/DHCP Options (no PXE Service)
In this configuration, the DORA process explained above is used
in addition to the following:

Target
Device

PVS
Server

Target
Device

DHCP Offer Packet

Target
Device

The TFTP Server Name and Bootfile Name (ardbp32.bin)
is provided using options 66 & 67

The Target Device initiates a handshake with the PVS
Server stating the BNISTACK driver is up. BNISTACK is
loaded into memory and takes over for the bootstrap PVS
Server
managing the MIO communication. At this point ,
the following information is exchanged:
• vDisk name
• Image Mode
• Active Directory Password Management Option
• Write Cache Type and Size
• Client Name
• Licensing

DHCP
Server

Option ROM (OROM)
On Target Devices that use option ROM, the bootstrap file name is
configured on the network interface card (NIC) .

Network Booting – w/PXE Service (no DHCP Options)

TSBOROM.bin

In this scenario, the Target Device is configured for network boot.
Target
Device

1. The firmware of the Target Device adds option 60 to the DHCP
Discover packet being broadcast.

This option is used with devices from Dell and
others that use the Intel Desktop Board. Further
information can be found at
http://download.intel.com/products/motherb
oard/DQ45CB/323251.pdf

PVS
Server

R
e
q
u
e
s
t

DHCP Discover Broadcast

Target
Device

2. DHCP Server responds with IP Address, Gateway and
Subnet information.
DHCP Server Reply
3. The PXE Server replies with the TFTP Server address
and bootstrap file name.

PXE &
DHCP
Servers

PXE Server Reply
4. The Target Device sends a request to the TFTP Server
for the bootstrap file.

3

PVS Logon Process

Bootstrap File Reply

When using a Citrix Boot ISO to download the bootstrap the
Target Device gets the IP address information directly from the
boot ISO and downloads the bootstrap manager. As configured in
the Boot Device Management (BDM) configuration.

Citrix Boot ISO – DHCP
In this scenario, BDM is configured for the Target Device to use the
DORA process to get the IP address information. Then the two stage
bootstrap download will start.

Get IO Port

Get Login Port

TFTP
Server

Citrix Boot ISO – Static IP

45

Load Balancing Algorithm

After the Target Device gets an IP address and downloads the bootstrap file it
proceeds to login to a PVS Server to start streaming the vDisk image. This steps are
as follows:

Bootstrap File Request
5. The TFTP Server replies with the bootstrap file name.

•
Target
Device

•

The Target Device contacts the PVS Server specified
in the bootstrap file using the default UDP port 6910.
PVS
Server
The server responds with the IP address and port to
Continue the login process.

The Target Device requests the IP address and port
used for the single read mode.

PVS
Server
The Target Device requests the PVS Server start the I/O
thread and requests information on which vDisk to use.

Target
Device

Get IO Service

Login Start
•

The Target Device identifies itself by its MAC address and
specifies the type of login being requested.

Login Complete
•
•

Transferred to IO
•

The PVS Server moves the Target Device from the login
thread to the I/O thread. The PVS Server replies with all
disk, client and policy information needed and sent to
the Target Device.

P
a
c
k
e
t
PVS Boot Process
s

Summary

The PVS Server grants access for the I/O operation to
the Target Device.
Additional configuration is sent specifying the boot
device.
Get vDisk Information

•
•

The Target Device requests which vDisk will be streamed.
The PVS Server replies with the vDisk information including
write cache location if the Target is in standard mode.

© 2013 Citrix

© 2013 Citrix. Citrix Provisioning Services is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Citrix in the United States and/or other countries. All rights reserved. Other trademarks or trade names mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.

All PVS servers are capable of acting as both a login
server and an I/O server. A PVS login server normally
attempts to load balance devices between all servers
that have access to a given vDisk when the device
initially logs in. The login server only bypasses load
balancing if the server override property is set for the
vDisk locator. The load balancing algorithm provides
simple connection count balancing. (i.e. the login server
attempts to place the same number of devices on each
server that has access to a given vDisk.)

The following summarizes the
diagram:

detailed on the

1.
2.
3.
4.

IP Acquisition – The Target Device acquires an IP address.
Bootstrap Download – The bootstrap file is downloaded.
PVS Logon Process – The Target Device logs on to PVS.
Single Read Mode – Single read mode communication is
established
between the Target Device and the PVS Server.
5. BNISTACK / MIO – The BNISTACK driver on the Target Device takes
over
communications with the PVS Server and
Multiple I/OCitrix Technical Support/Provisioning Services Escalation
Authors:
occurs.
Team
Please submit feedback to
http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX136378
Resources
• Provisioning Services Boot Process Diagram http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX136378
• Provisioning Services Antivirus Best Practices http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX124185
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
Parameters - http://www.iana.org/assignments/bootp-dhcp-parameters/bootpdhcp-parameters.xml
• Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) Specification Version 2.1 –
http://download.intel.com/design/archives/wfm/downloads/pxespec.pdf
• Provisioning Services eDocs –
http://support.citrix.com/proddocs/topic/technologies/pvs-provisioning.html
46

© 2013 Citrix
About
Citrix Services
Citrix Services make sure
you succeed with your
virtualization programs.

Educate | Guide | Support | Succeed

How we can help
Citrix Education – The fastest, most efficient way to
get your team the virtualization skills they need. Online,
on-site or in class.
citrix.com/training
Citrix Consulting – Intensive engagements for
complex, critical or just plain massive projects.
citrix.com/consulting
Citrix Support – Always-on support services that
leverage everything we know about best-practice
deployment and maintenance.
citrix.com/support

© 2013 Citrix
Secrets of the Citrix Support Ninjas
• 40 insider troubleshooting tips

• Covering XenDesktop, XenServer, XenApp and NetScaler
• Citrix Support top engineers

• FREE eBook
• Citrix Auto Support
• Now available!
© 2013 Citrix
Premier Support Calculator
Check it out

© 2013 Citrix
Next Webinar: January 2014
Title: 10 Tips Every XenDesktop Admin Should Know
Description: As a XenDesktop administrator, it’s your responsibility to make
sure your XenDesktop infrastructure is running smoothly and your users are
working efficiently. In this webinar our very own XenDesktop master, Michael
Glover will guide you in utilizing our award winning solution for virtual desktop
delivery, XenDesktop, with some really key tips and time savers to help you
make the very most of your investment.
Michael has been involved in XenDesktop from day one and has gathered a
huge amount of knowledge which he would love to share with you.
• When: Jan 30th

• Registration Now!
© 2013 Citrix
Work better. Live better.

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Troubleshooting Provisioning Services Target Boot Processes

  • 1. Citrix Support Secrets Webinar Series Troubleshooting Provisioning Services Target Boot Processes Konstantin Cvetanov– PVS Escalation Engineer December 5th 2013
  • 2. PVS Boot Process Demystified! PVS is not magic PVS does not use alien technology PVS is cool technology 2 © 2013 Citrix
  • 3. Agenda • PXE Specification • PVS Boot Process ᵒIP Acquisition ᵒBootstrap Download ᵒPVS Logon Process ᵒSingle read Mode ᵒBNISTACK / MIO Read Mode • Resources • Questions 3 © 2013 Citrix
  • 5. PXE (Pre-boot Execution Environment) DHCP Server 1 2 3 TFTP Server 4 5 PXE Client 6 5 © 2013 Citrix NFS Server
  • 6. Normal PC Boot Process (abridged) Target Device PC starts up BIOS  POST Identify boot device Load operating system 6 © 2013 Citrix
  • 7. Normal PC Boot vs. PXE Boot Target Device PC starts up PVS Server BIOS  POST Identify boot device PXE boot: Load Get IP address operating system Get NBP name / location Local HDD Get NBP vDisk NBP initializes Connect to network resource Load operating system 7 © 2013 Citrix
  • 9. PVS Boot Process • The following five steps make up the PVS Boot Process: ᵒIP Acquisition ᵒBootstrap Download ᵒPVS Logon Process ᵒSingle Read Mode ᵒBNISTACK / MIO Read Mode 9 © 2013 Citrix
  • 11. DHCP – Using Scope Options DHCP Server PVS Server DHCP ACK DHCPDISCOVER DHCP REQUEST DHCPOFFER TFTP Server Name Bootfile Name DHCP Client 11 © 2013 Citrix
  • 12. DHCP – with PXE Service DHCP Server PVS Server DHCP ACK DHCPDISCOVER SERVICE DHCP REQUEST PVS DHCPOFFERPXE TFTP Server Name Bootfile Name DHCP Client 12 © 2013 Citrix
  • 13. Citrix Boot ISO with Statically Assigned IPs 13 © 2013 Citrix
  • 14. IP Acquisition - Troubleshooting Spanning Tree Protocol 14 © 2013 Citrix
  • 16. Capture Guidelines • Whenever possible capture both a server-side and target side trace • Try to capture a good vs. bad trace • Get all of the IP/MAC information pertaining to a trace 16 © 2013 Citrix
  • 17. Target Side capture methods • XenServer ᵒTCP Dump ᵒhttp://support.citrix.com/article/CTX120869 • VMware ᵒSet V-Switch into promiscuous mode ᵒhttp://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?cmd=displayKC&externalId=1004 099 • Hyper-V ᵒHost OS tracing ᵒOnly works if the traffic leaves the Hyper-V Machine 17 © 2013 Citrix
  • 18. Target Side capture methods – cont. • Physical ᵒPort Mirroring ᵒUsing a Tap 18 © 2013 Citrix
  • 20. Bootstrap Download ARDBP32.BIN – UDP Port 69 Citrix PVS TFTP Service TSBBDM.BIN – UDP Port 6969 Citrix PVS Two-Stage Boot Service TSBOROM.BIN – UDP Port 6969 20 © 2013 Citrix Citrix PVS Two-Stage Boot Service
  • 21. Configuring the Bootstrap File 21 © 2013 Citrix
  • 22. Bootstrap Download - Troubleshooting 22 © 2013 Citrix
  • 23. Packet Capture PXE TFTP download Provisioning Server 10.1.1.1 TFTP DHCP PXE Target 10.1.1.100 23 © 2013 Citrix
  • 24. Common Issues During DHCP TFTP Download • Target does not receive IP address • Target gets IP but times out to TFTP • PXE Errors No bootstrap found Provisioning Server 10.1.1.1 TFTP DHCP PXE Target 10.1.1.100 24 © 2013 Citrix
  • 26. PVS Protocol • UDP based • Layer 7 additions – BNISTACK.SYS ᵒSequencing/ Fragments ᵒAcknowledgements ᵒRetry mechanism ᵒHeartbeat 26 © 2013 Citrix
  • 27. PVS Login Sequence Target Device What Login IP:Port can I use? Use this Login IP:Port Login Server – Log me in; here’s my MAC address Use this least busy server Least busy server – what IO port should I use? Use this IO port Service my request for this disk on this device All set – begin streaming 27 © 2013 Citrix PVS Farm
  • 28. Login Process Traffic Provisioning Server 10.1.1.1 TFTP Stream Process 28 © 2013 Citrix TFTP - Login Target 10.1.1.100
  • 29. PVS Login – Load Balancing 29 © 2013 Citrix
  • 30. PVS Login - Troubleshooting • Incorrect bootstrap information • Stream service not started • Target device does not exist in database • UDP port 6910 is blocked 30 © 2013 Citrix
  • 32. Single Read Mode 32 © 2013 Citrix
  • 33. Single Read Mode streaming Stream Process 33 © 2013 Citrix OS Booting UNDI Driver Target 10.1.1.100
  • 34. Single Read Mode - troubleshooting 34 © 2013 Citrix
  • 35. Slow Boot & Performance troubleshooting • Network or Storage ᵒSeparate the two ᵒMove vdisk local to PVS server • Storage related ᵒTry different LUN or different NAS device ᵒTry using locally attached LUN vs CIFS share • Network related ᵒBidirectional network trace ᵒCheck all network devices for old or faulty connections 35 © 2013 Citrix
  • 36. BNISTACK / MIO Read Mode
  • 37. BNISTACK / MIO Read Mode BNISTACK • • • • • 37 © 2013 Citrix Image Mode Active Directory Write Cache Client Name Licensing
  • 38. BNISTACK / MIO Read Mode 38 © 2013 Citrix
  • 39. MIO Read Mode Provisioning Server 10.1.1.1 Stream Process 39 © 2013 Citrix Target 10.1.1.100
  • 40. BNISTACK / MIO - Troubleshooting Provisioning Services Antivirus Best Practices http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX124185 40 © 2013 Citrix
  • 41. Retry Mechanism and HA Failover • Target requests data block from vdisk ᵒIf the server does not respond completely within 1 second timeout a retry is attempted • During retry the timeout is doubled to 2 seconds ᵒIf the server does not respond completely within 2 seconds the retry process repeats • Each retry doubles the timeout to a maximum of 10 seconds • After 10 consecutive retries for the same data an HA retry occurs ᵒTarget device refers to the bootstrap for login info 41 © 2013 Citrix
  • 42. PVS Login Sequence – HA Reconnect Target Device What Login IP:Port can I use? PVS Farm Use this Login IP:Port HA reconnect begins here Login Server – Log me in; here’s my MAC address Use this least busy server Least busy server – what IO port should I use? Use this IO port Service my request for this disk on this device All set – begin streaming 42 © 2013 Citrix Non-HA reconnect begins here
  • 43. PVS Boot Process Summary • Here is a summary of the PVS Boot Process: ᵒIP Acquisition – The Target Device acquires an IP address. ᵒBootstrap Download – The bootstrap file is downloaded. ᵒPVS Logon Process – The Target Device logs on to PVS. ᵒSingle Read Mode – Single read mode communication is established between the Target Device and the PVS Server. ᵒBNISTACK / MIO Read Mode – The BNISTACK driver on the Target Device takes over communications with the PVS Server and Multiple I/O occurs. 43 © 2013 Citrix
  • 44. PVS Boot Process Diagram
  • 45. Citrix Provisioning Services (PVS) Boot Process 1 2 IP Acquisition The PVS target device acquires an IP address using the DORA process. The following configurations are supported: 4 Bootstrap Download An IP Address is obtained using the following Discover, Offer, Request and Acknowledge (DORA) process. BNISTACK / MIO During the final phase, the BNISTACK Driver is loaded and multiple I/O (MIO) begins BNISTACK DHCP The TFTP Server Name is obtained from DHCP option 66 and the filename is obtained from DHCP option 67. 1. The Target Device broadcasts DHCP Discover packets. Simple Requests & Replies DHCP Discover Broadcast Target Device 5 After a target device has logged into PVS and has been directed to a PVS Server for streaming, the bootstrap file (ARDBP32.bin, TSBBDM.bin or TSBOROM.bin) will then intercept any requests (i.e. hard disk requests) made to Interrupt 13. The bootstrap file is downloaded from the TFTP Server to the Target Device using the TFTP Server from DHCP option 66 and filename (ARDBP32.bin) from DHCP option 67. TSBBDM.bin is downloaded if Boot Device Manager (BDM) is used and TSBOROM.bin is used if the target devices use option ROM (OROM). DHCP Single Read Mode v1.4 ARDBP32.bin 2. The DHCP Server sends a DHCP Offer packet to the DHCP Target Device with the IP address, Subnet Mask, lease time. Default Gateway and DNS Server Domain Name information Server to the Target Device. 3. The Target Device sends a unicast message to the DHCP Server requesting the offered IP address. A Transaction ID is used to track the accepted offer. The Target Device will send a broadcast message notifying other DHCP Servers that the offer from another DHCP Server was accepted. DHCP Request Target Device PVS Server Target Device DHCP Offer Packet Target Device The Target Device and the PVS Server will continue to communicate exchanging vDisk data until the Microsoft PVS Windows Operating Systems starts loading drivers and Server BNISTACK is successfully loaded. MIO Boot Device Manager (BDM) During the MIO stage, the Target Device is operation and read /write requests occur as follows: Typical Read Requests BDM uses a two-stage boot process where the PVS location is hardcoded into the bootstrap generated by BDM. The rest of the required boot information like the low level PVS device drivers is downloaded from the PVS Server using a proprietary download protocol based on TFTP that uses UDP port 6969. 4. The DHCP Server sends a DHCPACK packet to the Target Device. DHCP Acknowledgement Single Read Request Packet M ul PVS ti Server pl e R Typical Write Requests* e a M d u R l e t pl i PVS Target y p Server Single Write Reply P Confirmation Packet l Device ac e ke W ts r *MIO writes occur when the vDisk is in private mode or the write i cache is configured for server side cache. t e TSBBDM.bin Network Booting – w/DHCP Options (no PXE Service) In this configuration, the DORA process explained above is used in addition to the following: Target Device PVS Server Target Device DHCP Offer Packet Target Device The TFTP Server Name and Bootfile Name (ardbp32.bin) is provided using options 66 & 67 The Target Device initiates a handshake with the PVS Server stating the BNISTACK driver is up. BNISTACK is loaded into memory and takes over for the bootstrap PVS Server managing the MIO communication. At this point , the following information is exchanged: • vDisk name • Image Mode • Active Directory Password Management Option • Write Cache Type and Size • Client Name • Licensing DHCP Server Option ROM (OROM) On Target Devices that use option ROM, the bootstrap file name is configured on the network interface card (NIC) . Network Booting – w/PXE Service (no DHCP Options) TSBOROM.bin In this scenario, the Target Device is configured for network boot. Target Device 1. The firmware of the Target Device adds option 60 to the DHCP Discover packet being broadcast. This option is used with devices from Dell and others that use the Intel Desktop Board. Further information can be found at http://download.intel.com/products/motherb oard/DQ45CB/323251.pdf PVS Server R e q u e s t DHCP Discover Broadcast Target Device 2. DHCP Server responds with IP Address, Gateway and Subnet information. DHCP Server Reply 3. The PXE Server replies with the TFTP Server address and bootstrap file name. PXE & DHCP Servers PXE Server Reply 4. The Target Device sends a request to the TFTP Server for the bootstrap file. 3 PVS Logon Process Bootstrap File Reply When using a Citrix Boot ISO to download the bootstrap the Target Device gets the IP address information directly from the boot ISO and downloads the bootstrap manager. As configured in the Boot Device Management (BDM) configuration. Citrix Boot ISO – DHCP In this scenario, BDM is configured for the Target Device to use the DORA process to get the IP address information. Then the two stage bootstrap download will start. Get IO Port Get Login Port TFTP Server Citrix Boot ISO – Static IP 45 Load Balancing Algorithm After the Target Device gets an IP address and downloads the bootstrap file it proceeds to login to a PVS Server to start streaming the vDisk image. This steps are as follows: Bootstrap File Request 5. The TFTP Server replies with the bootstrap file name. • Target Device • The Target Device contacts the PVS Server specified in the bootstrap file using the default UDP port 6910. PVS Server The server responds with the IP address and port to Continue the login process. The Target Device requests the IP address and port used for the single read mode. PVS Server The Target Device requests the PVS Server start the I/O thread and requests information on which vDisk to use. Target Device Get IO Service Login Start • The Target Device identifies itself by its MAC address and specifies the type of login being requested. Login Complete • • Transferred to IO • The PVS Server moves the Target Device from the login thread to the I/O thread. The PVS Server replies with all disk, client and policy information needed and sent to the Target Device. P a c k e t PVS Boot Process s Summary The PVS Server grants access for the I/O operation to the Target Device. Additional configuration is sent specifying the boot device. Get vDisk Information • • The Target Device requests which vDisk will be streamed. The PVS Server replies with the vDisk information including write cache location if the Target is in standard mode. © 2013 Citrix © 2013 Citrix. Citrix Provisioning Services is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Citrix in the United States and/or other countries. All rights reserved. Other trademarks or trade names mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners. All PVS servers are capable of acting as both a login server and an I/O server. A PVS login server normally attempts to load balance devices between all servers that have access to a given vDisk when the device initially logs in. The login server only bypasses load balancing if the server override property is set for the vDisk locator. The load balancing algorithm provides simple connection count balancing. (i.e. the login server attempts to place the same number of devices on each server that has access to a given vDisk.) The following summarizes the diagram: detailed on the 1. 2. 3. 4. IP Acquisition – The Target Device acquires an IP address. Bootstrap Download – The bootstrap file is downloaded. PVS Logon Process – The Target Device logs on to PVS. Single Read Mode – Single read mode communication is established between the Target Device and the PVS Server. 5. BNISTACK / MIO – The BNISTACK driver on the Target Device takes over communications with the PVS Server and Multiple I/OCitrix Technical Support/Provisioning Services Escalation Authors: occurs. Team Please submit feedback to http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX136378
  • 46. Resources • Provisioning Services Boot Process Diagram http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX136378 • Provisioning Services Antivirus Best Practices http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX124185 • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) Parameters - http://www.iana.org/assignments/bootp-dhcp-parameters/bootpdhcp-parameters.xml • Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) Specification Version 2.1 – http://download.intel.com/design/archives/wfm/downloads/pxespec.pdf • Provisioning Services eDocs – http://support.citrix.com/proddocs/topic/technologies/pvs-provisioning.html 46 © 2013 Citrix
  • 47. About Citrix Services Citrix Services make sure you succeed with your virtualization programs. Educate | Guide | Support | Succeed How we can help Citrix Education – The fastest, most efficient way to get your team the virtualization skills they need. Online, on-site or in class. citrix.com/training Citrix Consulting – Intensive engagements for complex, critical or just plain massive projects. citrix.com/consulting Citrix Support – Always-on support services that leverage everything we know about best-practice deployment and maintenance. citrix.com/support © 2013 Citrix
  • 48. Secrets of the Citrix Support Ninjas • 40 insider troubleshooting tips • Covering XenDesktop, XenServer, XenApp and NetScaler • Citrix Support top engineers • FREE eBook • Citrix Auto Support • Now available! © 2013 Citrix
  • 49. Premier Support Calculator Check it out © 2013 Citrix
  • 50. Next Webinar: January 2014 Title: 10 Tips Every XenDesktop Admin Should Know Description: As a XenDesktop administrator, it’s your responsibility to make sure your XenDesktop infrastructure is running smoothly and your users are working efficiently. In this webinar our very own XenDesktop master, Michael Glover will guide you in utilizing our award winning solution for virtual desktop delivery, XenDesktop, with some really key tips and time savers to help you make the very most of your investment. Michael has been involved in XenDesktop from day one and has gathered a huge amount of knowledge which he would love to share with you. • When: Jan 30th • Registration Now! © 2013 Citrix
  • 51. Work better. Live better.

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Good Afternoon and welcome to SupportWebinar 2013.My name is Konstantin Cvetanov and I am an Escalation Engineer with the Provisioning Services Escalation Team from our offices Alpharetta, Georgia. The purpose of this presentation is to provide a step-by-step detailed overview of the Provisioning Services (PVS) Boot Process used by Citrix Provisioning Services.
  2. In today’s session we will discuss the PXE specification and how it relates to the PVS boot process. Next we will discuss the PVS boot process in depth and go over some common troubleshooting steps and scenarios. I will provide you with a list of resources that I used in creating this presentation in the event that you want to do further research. And lastly I will open the floor to any questions you may have.
  3. The PXE protocol operates as follows. (CLICK) The client initiates the protocol by broadcasting a DHCPDISCOVER containing an extension that identifies the request as coming from a client that implements the PXE protocol. (CLICK) A DHCP server or a proxy DHCP server implementing this extended protocol sends the client a list of appropriate Boot Servers. The client also receives the name of an executable file on the chosen Boot Server. (CLICK) The client uses TFTP to download the executable from the boot server. (CLICK)(CLICK) Finally, the client initiates execution of the downloaded image and then contacts a server on the network to load its operating system (CLICK)
  4. Now lets talk about what happens during a normal PC Boot Process.1. The machine starts up and 2. the BIOS starts the POST process. 3. The BIOS then identifies a boot device 4. which allows the operating system to load.
  5. Specifically the way the boot device gets identified is by the PXE (CLICK) Process. Once we have the information on where to download the Network Boot Program or NBP we contact the TFTP server and download the bootstrap which then allows us to login to PVS
  6. The PVS boot process is broken down into 5 steps.IP AcquisitionBootstrap DownloadPVS Logon ProcessSingle Read ModeBNISTACK / MIO Read ModeThis process is very similar to the PXE boot process, and in fact in order to be able to use a target device with PVS it myst be PXE 2.1 or higher compatible
  7. Specific to Provisioning Services a PVS PXE client will identify itself with DHCP option 60 signifying that it is a PXE clientThis is used in conjunction with the PXE service running on the PVS server The PXE service, which acts like a DHCP relay will respond to DHCP Discover packets that have option 60 in them and provide the client with the location and filename of the network boot programDHCP Options 66 & 67 can be used to specify the location of the network boot programThe PVS PXE Service acts as a DHCP relay that responds to DHCP Discover packets that have option 60 specified
  8. Specific to Provisioning Services a PVS PXE client will identify itself with DHCP option 60 signifying that it is a PXE clientThis is used in conjunction with the PXE service running on the PVS server The PXE service, which acts like a DHCP relay will respond to DHCP Discover packets that have option 60 in them and provide the client with the location and filename of the network boot programDHCP Options 66 & 67 can be used to specify the location of the network boot programThe PVS PXE Service acts as a DHCP relay that responds to DHCP Discover packets that have option 60 specified
  9. In the event that you would like to assign an IP address statically you can use the Citrix BDM or Boot device manager to create either a boot disk or boot iso that will allow you specify the IP address per target. You will be required to create one iso per machine in order to prevent any issues with duplicate IPs
  10. Network tracing is the best method of troubleshooting DHCP/IP Acquisition issuesSTP (Spanning tree protocol issues)Using spanning tree protocol causes the port to stay in a blocking state for up to 30 seconds while checking for bridge loopsRapid Spanning Tree ProtocolReduced the delay from switching from a blocking to forwarding state from 30 seconds to under 6 seconds
  11. Once the target device obtains an IP address, it goes through the phase of downloading the bootstrap file.Using the address configured in DHCP option 66, the PVS target device contacts the TFTP server (or boot server) and requests the boot file that is configured in DHCP option 67. This bootstrap file is called ARDBP32.bin. Using BDM a PVS target will download TSBBDM.bin over port 6969Dell devices using an OEM version of BDM built into the BIOS and download TSBOROM.binOnce the target device obtains an IP address it uses TFTP to download a bootstrap filePXE Boot (NIC)ARDBP32.binTFTP – UDP port 69BDM Boot (ISO)TSBBDM.binTFTP – UDP port 6969DELL OEM (BIOS)TSBOROM.binTFTP – UDP port 6969
  12. Right-click the server that acts as the TFTP server and click Configure Bootstrap.Click Add and type the IP address of the Provisioning Server that will act as a login server.Type the port number that is configured for the Stream Service.Choose to use DHCP or BOOTP supplied netmask and gateway settings or type this information in the appropriate fields and click OK.Click Move Up or Move Down to place the Provisioning Servers in the order in which target devices should contact for login processing.Click the Options tab and select Restore network connection as the network recovery method.(Optional) Make any additional configuration changes.
  13. Common bootstrap download issuesConfiguration issuesTFTP info not provided with DHCP DORAPacket loss
  14. First thing we are going to take a look at is the DHCP packets [CLICK]After DHCP packets complete we see the target device ARPs for the TFTP server[CLICK]Lastly we will see the TFTP transfer Start [CLICK]
  15. If the target does not get a IP address, this portion of the network trace can help you ID the root cause of the issue. Router in network path No Ip-helper address. [CLICK] PXE Service and DHCP options configured.Target gets IP but times out to TFTP TFTP service not on. Issue with network connectivity.
  16. Login Port RequestPresent MAC addressLoad BalancingTransfer to I/O
  17. Here you will see the end of the TFTP transfer [CLICK] You will know the transfer has completed correctly by verifying that the last TFTP packet sent by the server is tagged (last)Once the bootstrap downloads you will see a series of packets going through the login process. When the login process is completed the target will send a ARP request for the IP of the Streaming Server.
  18. All PVS servers are capable of acting as both a login server and an I/O server. A PVS login server normally attempts to load balance devices between all servers that have access to a given vDisk when the device initially logs in. The login server only bypasses load balancing if the server override property is set for the vDisk locator. The load balancing algorithm provides simple connection count balancing. (i.e. the login server attempts to place the same number of devices on each server that has access to a given vDisk.)
  19. Stream Service must be on.Target not being in the DBThis can be caused by bad bootstrap IP information.Firewall blocking the login port 6910.
  20. The bootstrap directs any block level requests for data as to the PVS server as single read requests The single read mode procedure will continue until the Microsoft Windows Operating System starts loading drivers and BNISTACK is successfully loaded
  21. After the login the target will continue to process traffic using the UNDI driver. (Universal Network Driver Interface and will send one to one packets. [CLICK]During this time the target will display the windows logo. Low level drivers are being loaded here. Failures at this level include:
  22. If the server does not respond to a request within 5 seconds the target device will request the same data again. This will happen a maximum of 3 time before the target will attempt to reconnect and login to the PVS server againThis is generally the longest portion of the boot process due to the amount of data that has to be transferredResponse delays here contribute the most to long boot timesLarge Send OffloadNetwork instabilityConflicts with UNDI DriverStarting with Single Read Mode network traces need to be analyzed by Citrix
  23. MIO (Multiple Input/Output) mode begins when BNISTACK is loaded by the operating systemBNISTACK is loaded into memory and takes over for the bootstrap, it manages the communication between the target device and the PVS serverAt this point the following information is exchanged:Image Mode Active Directory Password Management Option Write Cache Type and Size Client Name Licensing
  24. BNISTACK uses multiple threads to communicate with the PVS serverAdmin ThreadUsed for passing additional configuration settings after initialization and for the heartbeat mechanismRead/Write ThreadsTwo Read threadsOne Write threadOnly used when write cache exists on the PVS serverMIO uses a single request -> multiple response structureSingle read request -> Multiple read repliesMultiple write request -> Single write reply
  25. Once UNDI hands off to BNIStack (PVS Target Device’s Main Filter Driver) the target will begin to request larger amounts of data. This activity will continue up to the windows login screen.
  26. Filter Driver conflictsFirewall/Antivirus Services kickoffAntivirus Updates being loadedDomain Profile creation
  27. At Citrix Services - we’re Citrix consultants, teachers and support engineers and we’re all about one thing: making sure you succeed.With our help, you’ll deploy high-performance, robust virtualization and networking projects, faster – with dramatically lower risk and higher return.The best Citrix architects and administrators are the ones who never stop learning – and Citrix Education is here to help you learn those skills.Citrix Consulting gives you direct access to our most experienced virtualization and networking experts.When it’s complex; when it’s mission-critical; when it’s big; That’s when Citrix consultants can really help.On your virtualization journey, you’ll want always-on support from people who really care about your success.There’s no better insurance for your Citrix investment than with Citrix Support.
  28. Secrets of the Citrix Support Ninjas is a FREE eBook available next week.The eBook contains 40 insider troubleshooting tips for administrators.So the purpose of the eBook is to help administrators like you keep your Citrix deployments on track.We’ve collected some of their best tips and tricks for running robust Citrix environments and packaged them up into a free eBook.In it, you’ll discover some of the little-known tricks that our own support people use every day to tune, tweak, troubleshoot and test Citrix solutions. You may know a few of these tips. But you probably don’t know them all.And – you never know – you might discover just one that will change your life as an administrator.Let me give you a sneak peak now.