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Religion and Church: The Political Force 
of Beliefs and Organizational Resources
Conceptual Nuances 
Religion 
• is generally viewed as the system of beliefs and practices; it is commonly 
called faith 
• Referred to as a system of beliefs, principles, doctrines, symbols, including 
rituals, and practices, norms, and moral prescriptions, and pertaining to 
man’s relationship with a supernatural being, a creator or some power 
beyond 
• Permeates the people’s way of life as it is associated with the meaning and 
value that people give to economic goods, labour, wealth, social class, 
marriage customs, political authority and other aspects of life
The system of beliefs and practices are 
written in some form of document or 
book such as: 
• Bible 
• Qur’an 
• Books of Philippine Independent Church 
• The Iglesia ni Cristo
Church 
• Community of persons 
• Believers and adherents of a specific religion 
• Denotes the physical edifice or place where 
the believers hold their religious activities 
• Considered a social structure and a social 
institution, as patterns of interaction occur 
persistently, becoming part of the way people 
live and organize thmeselves
Johnstone asserts that religion is a group phenomena that such 
that six characteristics can be applied when identifying a 
religious group: 
1. At least two or more people who have established certain patterns of 
interaction 
2. With common goals 
3. Shared norms 
4. A role for every member, or set of functions, a division of labor 
5. A status system or hierarchy with different levels of power, authority, 
prestige and its corresponding roles and engagements 
6. The members sense of identification with the group
Religious movements have been known to direct 
its force upon political causes such as: 
• Revolution 
• Independence 
• Secularization 
• Modernization 
• Re-sacralization of modern and secular 
institutions
Stategic Functions in Political 
Socialization and Political Culture 
People’s orientations to political symbols, 
structures, and processes, their preferences 
and actions, are shaped by their values and 
beliefs (Almond & Verba, 1963)
Religion is a most important component of political culture 
tracing the evidence from ancient civilization such as; 
China and the Middle East and even in Medieval Europe 
Qur’an served as the Muslims basis for an Islamic 
base 
Scriptures as the basis for the claims raised by 
Christian Church leaders and monarchs during 
Europe’s medieval period to establish the 
domains of the church and state
• Religion can be considered as an important 
political resource, since religious qualities that 
motivate people can be channeled to political 
action. 
• When political issues are couched in religious 
terms, believers can be motivated toward 
certain forms of commitment and action.
Political Behaviour in a Pluralist 
Democracy
What is a Pluralist Democracy? 
- It describe a political system where there is 
more than one center of power.
• churches and religious groups find latitude 
for political involvement under the principle 
of separation of church and state.
• In the case of the Philippines, the political 
currency and social roles of religion, churches 
and religious groups can be situated in the 
Philippines’ colonial history.
Political Salience in the Philippines 
Politically relevant religions in the Philippines are: 
• Islam 
• Roman Catholicism 
• Protestantinism 
*since the 1950’s, the religious beliefs of the Iglesia 
ni Cristo and of many religious movements have 
also exerted their political influence
• Among the churches, the Catholic Church has 
figured prominently in the Spanish colonization of 
the Philippines and was the subject of the 
Philippine Revolution in the Spain in 1890’s 
• In 1946, Philippines is already under the 
constitutional provision of separation of church 
and state – Catholic church and other churches 
found new arenas for political involvement such 
as: elections, policy making, and interest 
articulation
• Catholic church has been known for its influence 
over its large membership during elections 
• 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution, the 
Catholic Church and various Protestant churches 
took activist positions that helped topple 
President Ferdinand Marcos 
• 2001 EDSA 2 event that caused President Joseph 
Ejercito Estrada to step down from office, the 
Catholic church and, in a less visible but 
significant way the Protestant churches, took a 
politically vital role in political mobilization and 
regime change
• Muslims groups are crucial in the issues of 
constitutionalism, political and national 
integration, considering their years of 
resistance and separist struggles against the 
Philippine state.
• In elections, the Iglesia ni Cristo has long been 
associated with bloc voting 
• Other religious organizations and movements, 
paricularly the El Shaddai and Jesus Is Lord 
Fellowship, gained political value

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Religion and church

  • 1. Religion and Church: The Political Force of Beliefs and Organizational Resources
  • 2. Conceptual Nuances Religion • is generally viewed as the system of beliefs and practices; it is commonly called faith • Referred to as a system of beliefs, principles, doctrines, symbols, including rituals, and practices, norms, and moral prescriptions, and pertaining to man’s relationship with a supernatural being, a creator or some power beyond • Permeates the people’s way of life as it is associated with the meaning and value that people give to economic goods, labour, wealth, social class, marriage customs, political authority and other aspects of life
  • 3. The system of beliefs and practices are written in some form of document or book such as: • Bible • Qur’an • Books of Philippine Independent Church • The Iglesia ni Cristo
  • 4. Church • Community of persons • Believers and adherents of a specific religion • Denotes the physical edifice or place where the believers hold their religious activities • Considered a social structure and a social institution, as patterns of interaction occur persistently, becoming part of the way people live and organize thmeselves
  • 5. Johnstone asserts that religion is a group phenomena that such that six characteristics can be applied when identifying a religious group: 1. At least two or more people who have established certain patterns of interaction 2. With common goals 3. Shared norms 4. A role for every member, or set of functions, a division of labor 5. A status system or hierarchy with different levels of power, authority, prestige and its corresponding roles and engagements 6. The members sense of identification with the group
  • 6. Religious movements have been known to direct its force upon political causes such as: • Revolution • Independence • Secularization • Modernization • Re-sacralization of modern and secular institutions
  • 7. Stategic Functions in Political Socialization and Political Culture People’s orientations to political symbols, structures, and processes, their preferences and actions, are shaped by their values and beliefs (Almond & Verba, 1963)
  • 8. Religion is a most important component of political culture tracing the evidence from ancient civilization such as; China and the Middle East and even in Medieval Europe Qur’an served as the Muslims basis for an Islamic base Scriptures as the basis for the claims raised by Christian Church leaders and monarchs during Europe’s medieval period to establish the domains of the church and state
  • 9. • Religion can be considered as an important political resource, since religious qualities that motivate people can be channeled to political action. • When political issues are couched in religious terms, believers can be motivated toward certain forms of commitment and action.
  • 10. Political Behaviour in a Pluralist Democracy
  • 11. What is a Pluralist Democracy? - It describe a political system where there is more than one center of power.
  • 12. • churches and religious groups find latitude for political involvement under the principle of separation of church and state.
  • 13. • In the case of the Philippines, the political currency and social roles of religion, churches and religious groups can be situated in the Philippines’ colonial history.
  • 14. Political Salience in the Philippines Politically relevant religions in the Philippines are: • Islam • Roman Catholicism • Protestantinism *since the 1950’s, the religious beliefs of the Iglesia ni Cristo and of many religious movements have also exerted their political influence
  • 15. • Among the churches, the Catholic Church has figured prominently in the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and was the subject of the Philippine Revolution in the Spain in 1890’s • In 1946, Philippines is already under the constitutional provision of separation of church and state – Catholic church and other churches found new arenas for political involvement such as: elections, policy making, and interest articulation
  • 16. • Catholic church has been known for its influence over its large membership during elections • 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution, the Catholic Church and various Protestant churches took activist positions that helped topple President Ferdinand Marcos • 2001 EDSA 2 event that caused President Joseph Ejercito Estrada to step down from office, the Catholic church and, in a less visible but significant way the Protestant churches, took a politically vital role in political mobilization and regime change
  • 17. • Muslims groups are crucial in the issues of constitutionalism, political and national integration, considering their years of resistance and separist struggles against the Philippine state.
  • 18. • In elections, the Iglesia ni Cristo has long been associated with bloc voting • Other religious organizations and movements, paricularly the El Shaddai and Jesus Is Lord Fellowship, gained political value