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1. INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY [QSB 3415]
FOUNDATION IN NATURAL BUILT ENVIRONMENT (FNBE) MARCH 2015
FINAL PROJECT – DEVELOPMENT PROCESS (INDIVIDUAL)
PREPARED BY : DANICA GAN JIA-EN 0323708
TUTOR : MS ANN SEE PENG

2. SUGGESTION AND PROPOSAL OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of thisproposal isto developanemptyland,choosingasuitable type of construction
dependingonitssurroundings.The type of constructionhasto be considered wisely asthe different
typesof constructionmightgive differentimpacttothe surroundings.The projectthatI wantto
propose isa religious designatedarea,which istobuildachurch. A religious designated areaisa
piece of landwhichiscommonlydeveloped intoreligious buildingssuchaschurches,templesor
mosques.
RATIONALE OF THIS PROPOSAL
The purpose of thisprojectis to provide the publicwith aplace toworshipandteach believerson
spiritual education.One shouldnotonlygrow physicallyandmentallybutalsospiritually. Afterdoing
some site analysis,Irealisedthatthere are sufficientcommercialareas,residential areas,
recreational areasandindustrial areasaroundmysite.Itisalso notsuitable toturnthis piece of land
intoan agriculture areadue to the surroundings.Tomake itintoa tourismspotisalsonot advisable
because thislandis situatedinthe midstof a residentialareaandit mightcause a lot of
inconvenience forthe residents.Currently,there isamosque inUSJ12 whichis about5 kilometres
away andthere isalso a Hindutemple about2.4 km away. Furthermore,there are nootherreligious
buildingsaroundthisneighbourhood.Thus,this proposal seemstobe appropriate andrational.
BENEFITS OF THIS PROJECT
Thisprojectwill benefitinthe following ways:
1. Provide aplace of worshipforbelievers
2. Enhance spiritual educationin the neighbourhood
3. Cultivate apeaceful andharmoniousenvironment

3. IMPACT TOWARDS THE SURROUNDINGS
More customers,more income
More customers,more income andmore events
Roadsget busier
More people will use itforchurchactivities
More customers,more income
ChristianstudentscanattendYouthservice inchurch
Christianworkerscanattendchurch services

4. ACCESSIBLITY
Accessibilitytoaplace isverycrucial as itplaysan importantrole to helpone getto a certainplace
at ease withmanyalternative routes. The proposedsite islocatedata point where itiseasily
accessible bypeoplefromall directions.Otherthangettingaccesstothe site, accessto other
facilitiesis alsoavailableaswell.Fromthe proposedsite,accessibility isasshown below:
DRIVINGROUTE WALKINGROUTE
DRIVINGROUTE
1. Factories(A to B) : 6 minutesbycar
2. Petrol Station(A toC) : 2 minutesbycar
3. PersiaranTujuan(A to D) : 3 minutesbycar
4. School (A to E) : 6 minutesbycar
5. ELITE Highway (A toF): 6 minutesbycar
6. ShoppingMall (A to G) : 7 minutesbycar
WALKINGROUTE
1. Park (A to B) : 4 minutesbywalking
2. Commercial Area(A toC) : 1 minute bywalking

5. SITE PLAN
The black colouredareawiththe redmark is the proposedsite.Itisa 70m × 50m (3500m²) empty
land.The type of projectthatI am proposingisareligious building,whichwill be achurchfor
approximate 1800 people. Thisbuildingwill have 5floors:2 lowergroundfloors,1groundfloor,and
2 upperfloors. The twolowergroundfloors are the car park area, while the groundflooriswhere
the utilitiesare.Lastbutnot least,the twoupperfloorsare where churchservices andactivities will
be held.

6. BUBBLE DIAGRAM

7. MASTER PLAN
GROUNDFLOOR

8. 1ST
AND 2ND
FLOOR

9. FACILITIES
BOOKSHOP
Thisbookstore isto provide convenience forpeopletogetreadingmaterials foradultsandchildren,
giftsandmany otherthings.
CAFETERIA
Servesfoodforthe church congregationandgeneral publicandalsoprovidescateringservicesfor
conferencesandeventsheldinthe church.
LIBRARY
Christianresourcesare the core for growth,maturityandtransformation.Therefore,greatbooks,
CD’s andDVD’sare available forthe people toencourage deepeningof faith.

10. OFFICE
A place where pastors,seniorsof the churchandchurch workershave meetingsanddotheirwork.
CLASSROOMS
Classroomsare available forreligiousteachingof differentgroupages.
AUDITORIUM
Place where worshipsessions,services, andconcertsare held andcan fitup to 1800 people.

11. LOBBY
Thisarea is a welcominghallway towelcomevisitorsandlead themtothe mainauditorium.
INDOOR PLAYGROUND
An indoorplaygroundisavailable forchildrentoplayinwhile waitingfortheirparents.

12. PROFESSIONS INVOLVED
ARCHITECT
 creatingbuildingdesignsand detaileddrawings
 liaisingwithconstruction professionalsaboutthe feasibilityof potential projects
 workingaroundconstrainingfactorssuchas townplanninglegislation,environmental
impactand projectbudget
 applyingforplanningpermissionandadvice from governmental newbuild andlegal
departments
 writingandpresentingreports,proposals,applicationsandcontracts
 choosingthe materialstobe usedandspecifyingthe requirementsforthe project
 adaptingplansaccordingto circumstancesandresolvinganyproblemsthatmay arise during
construction
 makingsure the projectisrunningaccordingto schedule andbudget
 travellingregularlytobuildingsites,proposedlocationsandclientmeetings
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT
 surveyingsites
 discussingrequirementswithclients
 writingreports
 creatingplans,designsanddrawings
 producingcontractsand estimatedcosts
 presentingproposalstoclientsforapproval andagreeing ontimescales
 overseeingprojectsastheyprogress
QUANTITY SURVEYOR
 seekingfundingsourcesandsubmittingbids
 carryingout feasibilitystudies
 preparingplans,contracts,budgets,billsof quantitiesandotherdocumentation
 performingriskanalysisevaluations
 writingreports
 preparingandsubmittingfinal accounts
 makingvaluations
 arrangingpaymentstosuppliers andcontractors
 providingadvice andforecastsaboutcosts
SURVEYOR
 evaluatingthe propertyandlandsurveys
 liaisingwithotherprofessionals,suchasestate agents
 writingreports(oftentechnical)
 advisingclients
 providinglegal adviceandevidence forcourtcases
 overseeingbuildingwork

13. STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
 preparingreports,designsanddrawings
 makingcalculationsaboutloadsandstresses
 selectingappropriateconstructionmaterials
 providingtechnical advice
 obtainingplanningand/orbuildingregulationsapproval
 liaisingwithrelevantprofessional staff
 monitoringandinspectingworkundertakenbycontractors
 administeringcontracts
 managingprojects
 inspectingpropertiestocheckconditions/foundations
PROJECT MANAGER
 representingthe client'sinterests
 providingadvice onthe managementof projects
 organizingthe variousprofessional people workingonaproject
 carryingout riskassessment
 makingsure that all the aimsof the projectare met
 makingsure the qualitystandardsare met
 recruitingspecialistsandsub-contractors
 overseeingthe accounting,costingandbilling
CIVIL ENGINEER
 undertakingtechnical andfeasibilitystudiesincludingsite investigations
 developingdetaileddesigns
 undertakingcomplexandrepetitivecalculations
 liaisingwithclientsandavarietyof professionalsincludingarchitectsandsubcontractors
 compilingjobspecsandsupervisingtenderingprocedures
 resolvingdesignanddevelopmentproblems
 managingbudgetsandprojectresources
 schedulingmaterial and equipmentpurchasesanddeliveries
 makingsure the projectcomplieswithlegal requirements
 assessingthe sustainabilityandenvironmentalimpactof projects
 ensuringprojectsrunsmoothlyandstructuresare completedwithinbudgetandontime

14. ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
 preparingandagreeingprojectspecifications,budgetsandtimescaleswithclients
 implementingdesigns
 creatingtestprocedures
 testing,evaluating,modifyingandre-testingproducts
 writingreportsanddocumentation
 analyzingandinterpretingdata
BUILDING SERVICES ENGINEER
 designingthe layoutof energydistribution,waterpipesandventilationsystems
 assessingwhetherasite issuitable forconstruction
 identifyingthe materialsandequipmenttobe usedinthe various systems
 drawingupplans,writingbriefsandreportingonprogress
 carryingout testson systemsandmakingchangestoplanswhere necessary
 monitoringthe installationof servicesandmanagingtheirmaintenance once the buildingis
completed
 makingsure that all buildingservicesmeethealthandsafetyrequirementsand
environmental legislation.
 negotiatingcontractswithclients
 liaisingwithplumbers,electricians,surveyors,architectural technologistsandother
constructionprofessionals
 givingpresentationsandwritingreportshighlightingthe practical implicationsof the
architect'sdesigns
 promotingenergyefficiencyandothersustainabilityissues
 managingteamsof people
CONSTRUCTIONMANAGER
 preparingthe site andliaisingwithother constructionprofessionalssuchasarchitects,
engineers,buyers,estimatorsandsurveyorsbeforeconstructionworkstarts
 developingthe program of workand strategyformakingthe projecthappen
 planningaheadtopreventproblemsonsite before theyoccur,forexample,planningthe
deliveryandstorage of equipmentandmaterials
 makingsafetyinspectionsof the site whenworkisunderwayandensuringregulations
relatingtohealth,safetyandthe environment(HSE) are adhered to
 overseeingthe runningof projects
 to planningsmoothworkflows byusingconstructionmanagementsoftware packages
 communicatingwitharange of people includingthe client,subcontractors,suppliers,the
publicandthe workforce

15. MECHANICAL ENGINEER
 assessingproject requirements
 agreeingbudgets,timescalesandspecificationswithclientsandmanagers
 liaisingwithsuppliers
 solvingproblemsthatarise
 undertakingrelevantresearch
 producingandimplementingdesignsandtestprocedures
 measuringperformance of mechanical components,devicesandengines
 testing,evaluating,modifyingandre-testingproducts
 writingreportsanddocumentation
 providingtechnical advice
 analyzingandinterpretingdata
TOWNPLANNER
 makinguse of populationtrends,topredictthe demands thatwill be made onanarea,
whetherurbanor rural
 liaisingwiththe publicandcounselors,attendingpublicmeetingsaboutplanningissues,
such as proposalsfora newroad or school
 applyingknowledgeof the legal issuesassociatedwithlanduse
 makingpoliciesandimplementingthem
 workingbothindoorsandoutdoorsandpresentingevidenceatmeetings
 analyzingandevaluatingotherpeoples'evidence objectively
 preparingreportsandplansrelatingtoa varietyof projects – from house extensionsto
international airports
INTERIOR DESIGNER
 developinginitialideasandacquiringkeyinformationaboutpotential projects,discussing
requirementsindetail withclients(the brief) andsettingprojectschedules
 understandingclients'needsandthe needs of the peopleusingthe building,developing
designconceptsinconsultationwiththe clientandestablishingfinal briefs
 evaluatingthe materialsandcostsaccordingto setbudgetsandnegotiatingprojectfees
 conductingfeasibilitystudiesforprojects
 researchingandgatheringinformationandphotographsrelatingtothe project
 producing'sample'or'mood' boardsfor presentationtoclients
 sourcingproducts,e.g.fittings,furniture,lighting,finishes,decorationanddressing,and
providingsamplesforclients
 preparingdetailedworkingdrawings,designs,plans,modelsandschemes
 surveyingbuildings
 supervisingwork atthe designstage andon site
 workingcloselywithquantitysurveyorstoestablishcostsandworkschedulesonlarger
projects,with architectsandotherdesignprofessionalstodetermine the bestuse of space,
and withmanufacturersandcontractors

16. BUILDING CONTRACTOR
 bearingresponsiblityforcompletingabuildingprojectontime andwithinabudget
 overseeing teamsof contractorsand subcontractorswhoare doingthe work
 fillingoutthe necessarypaperworkandadhere tolocal,regional ornational guidelines.
 overseeing the buildingof anew structure,renovationof ahistoricbuildingorremodeling
of an existinghouse
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER
 assistingwiththe designof builtstructures,using specialized computersoftware or
calculations
 collectingdataandproducingreports
 overseeingthe progressof specificcontracts
 planningdetailedfieldinvestigationsbydrillingand analyzingsamplesof deposits/bedrock
 supervisingsite andgroundinvestigations
 makingvisitstonewprojectsites
 advisingonandtestinga range of constructionmaterials,forexamplesand,gravel,bricks
and clay
 makingrecommendationsonthe proposeduse of asite and providinginformation
 advisingonproblemssuchassubsidence
 managingstaff,includingotherengineeringgeologists,geotechnical engineers,consultants
and contractors
 attendingprofessionalconferencesandrepresentingthe companyor organization atother
events

17. PROCESS AND PROCEDURES FOR THE APPLICATION OF PLAN
APPROVAL
Successfuldevelopmentof a project is crucial to all project stakeholders.
Meeting the deadline to complete a projectwill be an added advantagefor
both the developer and the land owner. Projectdevelopment will encounter
some formof projectlife cycle (PLC). A typical PLC of a developmental project
comprises of an initiation and planning phase, construction phaseand post
construction phase. The implementation of the one-stop-centre (OSC) by
the Ministry of Housing and Local Government (MHLG) nationwidein April
2007 has successfully improved thedelivery systemof the planning process. As
a result of the MHLG bold step, a more systematic planning process have
benefited developers, consultants and the authorities. Itis imperative that
everyoneinvolved should comply to the guidelines, rules and regulations
stipulated in the standard manual drawn by the Department of Town and
Country Planning (DTCP) and the MHLG to ascertain a smoother planning
approvalprocess. In thelong run, all these moves implemented by the
governmentshould attract moreforeign direct investment (FDI).
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
The close of a development projector the postdevelopmental stageis when
the completed property is handed over to the owner as required and
stipulated by the Housing Development Act (HDA, 2010). The flow of
activities starting fromthe inception right up to the delivery of a completed
property plays a pivotal role in the planning of property development. A brief
overview of a typical planning process in Malaysia, covering the legislature
in the planning process, thedevelopment plan and general implementation of
development plan, is as follows.

18. LEGISLATUREINTHEPLANNING PROCESS
The laws, procedures and guidelines pertaining to the property
development process in Malaysia are quite extensive. There are over fifty
(50) laws and guidelines that may either be initiated or posea constrain on
decisions when undertaking a property development project. Those most
pertinent and crucial laws to be complied to include the National Land Code
(NLC) 1965 (NLC, 2008), theTown and Country Planning Act, 1976 (Act172),
the GovernmentAct 1976 (Act171), UniformBuilding By Law 1984 (UBBL), the
Street, Drainageand Building Act 1974 (Act133) and the Environmental
Quality Act 1984. A very important tool used to manage land development
is planning control, referred to in Part IV of the Town and Country
Planning Act (TCPA), 1976 and planning guidelines. In Section 19, the TCPA
states that “no person, other than the local authorities, shall, commence,
undertake, or carry outany development unless planning permission in respect
of the development has been granted to him under Section 22 (treatment of
application or extended under Subsection 24 (3) (lapseof planning
permission)” (LOM, 2006).
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Various development plans (that is, the national physicalplan, a structureplan,
a local plan and a special area plan) have been formulated under PartIII of the
TCPA (TCPA, 1976) in order to guide decision makers when processing
planning permissions. These plans form the overall policies for future
land development and are used to establish zoning and planning standards
concerning public facilities requirements, roads, open spaces, building
setbacks, number of car parks etc. Basically, a layout plan that has been
submitted must comply with the national and physical plan, the state
structure plan, the local plan, a special area plan and all plans approved by
the local authorities of the governing state. The submitting party is also
required to comply with a pre-determined zoning requirement, strategic
policies and governmentpolicies. For example, in the state of Selangor, any
piece of land that has been classified as class 3 and class 4 terrain, will not be
approved for development by the respective local authority. Similarly, when

19. it involves a composition of low cost, medium to low cost and medium
cost housing and a specific race (that is, Bumiputera or indigenous groups)
quota, the planner mustprepare a layout plan that takes into consideration
governmentpolicies, guidelines and other technical requirements.
GENERAL IMPLEMENTATIONOF A DEVELOPMENTPLAN
A development plan in Malaysia is implemented within the framework
provided under the National Development Planning that comes under the
Town and Country Planning Act, 1976 (Act172). The National Development
Planning Framework (NDPF) comprises of three(3) levels of planning (Figure
2.1), namely the National PhysicalCouncil (NPC) at the Federal level, the State
Planning Committee (SPC) at the state level and the local council at the local
authorities level. The NDPF is implemented 'top-down'starting at the federal
level down to the state level and finally to the local authorities level, directed
towards achieving a national development vision by the year 2020. Any
development involving land that is more than 100 hectares in size requires
initial approvalfromboth the SPCand the NPC. The NPC is chaired by the
Prime Minister while the SPCis chaired by the Chief Minister of the respective
states of Malaysia. An approvalby the state government is required prior to
submission for approvalto the NPPCfor federal governmentapproval. Both
the NPPC and SPC convene twice a year to discuss pertinent matters
involving planning such as a zoning change, the development of large
parcels of land (100 hectares or more), any special development proposal,
gazetted and revocation of development plans etc.
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
The three (3) stages in a project development are discussed in this section. The
firststage is the planning stage or the pre-development period. When all
required approvals havebeen obtained, it then goes into the second stage;
the construction phase. During the post construction stage, that is the
third stage, a certificate of completion of compliance (CCC) will be

20. awarded to the developer who then would have successfully completed
their (housing) project (HDA, 2010, DTCP, 2007).
A developer first has to obtain all planning approvals beforeany physical
work can commence on site and prior to issuanceof any advertising permit by
the relevant authorities. Under the new guidelines by the OSC, the principal
submitting person (PSP) has an option to either submit all four (4) planning
applications for simultaneous approvalor to submitit by stages. The planning
applications are (a) planning permission application (Subsection 21[1], Act
172), (b) building plan application, (c) road and drainage plan application
(Section 9, Act 133) and (d) the various 'works'plan (Section 70A, Act 133).
The local authorities shall stipulate conditions subject to comments from
their technical department. The total number of technical departments that
exist is peculiar to that local authority where the plans are being submitted.
Just in the state of Selangor, for example, there are a total of fourteen (14)
technical departments (DTCP, 2007; MHLG, 2008) with whom the PSP
must work with during the submission of plans.
Any development that involves land area larger than 50 hectares in size, is
required to be supported by a study on the potential impact it may have on
the local environment (DTCP, 2007). The environmental impact assessment
(EIA) study is a requirement imposed by the authorities on the principal
submitting party (PSP) wherethe submitted plans mustgo through the various
technical departments (DTCP, 2007; MHLG, 2008),for example the
department of environment, that handles all matters pertaining to the
environment, the Department of Sewerageon matters concerning sewerage,
the Departmentof Drainageon drainage matters and the Board of Water
Management that manages water matters.
Other standard compliances include the building setback line requirement
for different building types (housing, industrial, or commercial), density, plot
ratios, public facilities, retention ponds, supply of electricity (by the National
Board of Electricity) and road levels. All planning approvals aresubjectto the
planning permission process referred to under Section IV, Town and Country
Planning Act, 1976 (Act 172).

21. Generally, the local authorities would only offer an initial conditional
approval. The submitting party, that is the planner (appointed by the
developer), shall then make the necessary amendments in compliance with
the requirements stated in the letter of conditional approvalissued by the
various technical departments. The development planning approvalprocess is
shown in Figure2.2.