Track, Share and Compare: The Hot Trend of Self-Tracking

Track, Share and Compare:
The Hot Trend of Self-Tracking

Carol E. Torgan, PhD., FACSM
Kinetics Consulting :: From lab bench to park bench
www.caroltorgan.com Twitter @ctorgan

ACSM Health & Fitness Summit, March 2012

© Carol Torgan, Ph.D. 2012

Self-tracking is …
Tracking your life
weight, activity, nutrition, sleep,
menstrual cycle, heart rate, mood, ….

physiological, behavioral
social, environmental

Also known as:
Life-logging
Data-driven lifestyle
Personal informatics
Personal analytics
Personal monitoring
Living by numbers
Quantified self

http://quantifiedself.com Gary Wolf, Kevin Kelly

The Economist, Mar 3rd 2012 print edition
http://www.economist.com/node/21548493

O, The Oprah Magazine, December 2011

Who is tracking

Patients Professionals
Acute and chronic health conditions Athletes
Asthma Astronauts
Cancer Soldiers
Diabetes Firefighters
Mental health … Scientists


Who is self-tracking

27% of internet users, or 20% of adults, have tracked their weight, diet, exercise
routine or some other health indicators or symptoms online:

• 15% of U.S. internet users have tracked their weight, diet, or exercise routine
online

• Women internet users more likely than male users to do these activities

• Internet users who experienced a significant recent health change more likely
to track (gain/lost weight, quit smoking, pregnancy)

The Social Life of Health Information, Susannah Fox, Pew Internet, May 2011 www.pewinternet.org


Event-driven trackers


Why Track?


―For many self-trackers, the goal is
unknown.

Although they may take up tracking with
a specific question in mind, they continue
because they believe their numbers hold
secrets that they can‘t afford to
ignore, including answers to questions
they have not yet thought to ask.‖

– Gary Wolf, The Data-Driven Life,
The New York Times, April 26, 2010


How we track

• Paper and pencil
• ―How clothes fit‖
• Apps
• Gadgets & sensors
• Images


www.medhelp.org/health_tools

PTSD Coach Chemo Calendar Healthy Habits Pregnancy Tracker Meal Snap

Period Tracker Mole Measure iMapMyRUN Glucose Buddy iBP Blood Pressure


Adults who have downloaded an app to a cell phone or tablet
• 29% downloaded a health app = 11% of all adult cell phone users
• Similar to Sept 2010 data (no increase over the last year)

Half of adult cell phone owners have apps on their phones, Kristen Purcell, Pew Internet, Nov, 2011
www.pewinternet.org © Carol Torgan, Ph.D. 2012

Sensor technology moves from edges inward



Lactate analyzers: Available from laboratory catalogs AND Amazon


Sensors that connect to the body


Best Buy: Health & Fitness


Pedometers
spring-lever movement
steps, calories burned

Actigraph
triaxial accelerometer, inclinometer
steps, energy expenditure
intensity, METs

Fitbit
accelerometer, altimeter
steps, floors climbed
calories burned


Nike+ Fuelband (wrist)
triaxial accelerometer
light sensor, LED lights
steps, calories, ‗NikeFuel‘

Zeo (headband)
electrical signals
sleep patterns, sleep quality score (‗ZQ‘)


Wearable sensors

Under Armour / Zephyr E39 biometric
compression shirt
Removable electronic monitor (‗bug‘)
Heart rate, breathing rate
Skin surface temperature
triaxial acceleration

Adidas adizero f50
powered by miCoach
Performance metrics:
speed, max speed, sprint number
distance, steps & stride rates


ProeTEX
T-shirt
heart & breathing rate, body temperature
blood oxygen saturation

Jacket
triaxial accelerometers (collar, wrist)
carbon oxide sensor (lapel area, near mouth)
external temp sensor, heat flux sensor
visual & acoustic alarms

Boots
toxic gas concentrations (carbon dioxide)
[at the request of the users]
foot contact with ground

Magenes G, et al. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2010:3594-7.
www.proetex.org/

MagIC (Maglietta Interattiva Computerizzata)

Vest
embedded sensors made of
conductive fibers
heart rate, breathing rate
triaxial accelerometer
washable, front or side opening

Mount Everest climbers
telemonitoring

Congestive heart failure patients discharged from the hospital
wore in homes few minutes each day for a month
data viewed remotely by cardiologist
Patients felt ―safely supervised‖ and requested to continue the monitoring period!

Meriggi, P. , et al. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed. 2010 May;14(3):711-722.

Sensors on your skin: patches

Zio
cardiac monitoring (up to 14 days)
arrhythmias

Metria wearable sensor technology
disposable patch, worn up to 7 days on
back of arm
heart and breathing rates, steps
sleep duration, activity levels


Ingestible core body thermometer pill

Partnership
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab
NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center

Pill in system 18 to 30 hours

1988 Commercially available
(research, university, military)

1998 John Glenn used for medical experiments
on Space Shuttle Discovery

NASA Spinoff www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/Spinoff2006/hm_1.html

Heart Failure: CardioMEMS
6 million heart failure patients in U.S.
> 1 million hospitalizations each year
$39 billion yearly direct cost of care

Heart functions poorly, fluid builds-up
Traditionally measure body weight

Miniature wireless sensor
MEMS = microelectromechanical system
Permanently implant in pulmonary artery
Transmits real-time pressure data
Patients take daily readings
Send to doctor (handheld or computer)
Doctor modify meds = prevent hospitalization

39% drop in hospitalizations in treated patients, shorter stays
WT Abraham, et al, The Lancet, 377:658-666, 2011

Visual tracking

‗Weight loss‘ on Flickr

Photos courtesy of Flickr, clockwise L to R: uneduex, 157/365; Christi Nielsen, Diet; bark, 40+290 Notch;
Vernon_White, Weight_Loss_Montage_2009-03-04_side

Pinterest

http://pinterest.com/sarahireynolds/the-sugar/

Track, share, compare


http://nikeplus.nike.com/plus/

1 in 4 internet users living with chronic conditions has looked
online for someone with similar health concerns.

www.patientslikeme.com
Peer-to-peer Healthcare, Pew Internet, Feb 2011 www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/P2PHealthcare.aspx

Bipolar Managed Best Without Drugs: 227 Patients Report

www.curetogether.com, data from Feb 15, 2012 by Alexandra Carmichael

http://asthmapolis.com/

Track, share, compare, publish: Data donorship

Study of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
who tried lithium carbonate treatment off-label through their physicians

http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v29/n5/abs/nbt.1837.html


Track, share, compare*, care

*N=1
Case Study
Personalized Medicine

Athlete Biological Passport
―The fundamental principle of the Athlete
Biological Passport is based on the monitoring
of an athlete‘s biological variables over time to
facilitate indirect detection of doping on a
longitudinal basis, rather than on the traditional
direct detection of doping.‖ – WADA

World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)
http://www.wada-ama.org/en/Science-Medicine/Athlete-Biological-Passport/

Issues

Cost
Ease of use
Accuracy, reproducibility
Tissue compatibility, safety
Range, response time
Clinically relevant information
Literacy, numeracy
Privacy
Security


What can be tracked vs.
What should be tracked

PricewaterhouseCoopers, Healthcare unwired, Sept 2010

Unhealthy track, share, compare
Pro-anorexia nervosa ―pro-ana‖ communities


Accuracy
Sensors are like real estate: Location matters!

―Jawbone UP gives me 2,025 steps for 20 mins of
drumming to REM and Smash Pumpkins.
yfrog.com/mgrzudp‖ @dvansickle, Twitter


???
Data visualization

Cause and effect vs. correlational
False positives / false negatives
Signal vs. noise


Health Literacy

—the degree to which a person can obtain, process, and
understand basic health information and services needed to
make appropriate health decisions.

Nearly 9 out of 10 adults have difficulty using everyday
health information that is available in health care
facilities, retail outlets, media, and communities.

Innovations in Health Literacy - Workshop Summary
March 10, 2011 Institute of Medicine Report

www.iom.edu/Reports/2011/Innovations-in-Health-Literacy.aspx

Health Numeracy

―In general, I feel uncomfortable with health information
that has a lot of numbers and statistics.‖

54% strongly or somewhat agree
44% strongly or somewhat disagree

―In general, I depend on numbers and statistics to help me
make decisions about my health.‖

57% strongly or somewhat agree
42% strongly or somewhat disagree

Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), 2007

http://hints.cancer.gov/

Speed
Elevation
Heart rate
Power
Cadence


Opportunities

When asked about the last time they had
a health issue,

70% of adults in the U.S. say they
received information, care, or support
from a health professional.

Peer-to-Peer Healthcare, Susannah Fox, Pew Internet, Feb 2011
www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/P2PHealthcare.aspx

Kids, Tweens, Teens

Gadget savvy

Health interests

Community


Baby Boomers
~78 million baby boomers

~56% have high willingness to use in-home health monitoring devices
in tandem with care from their primary physician

―Boomers want to shape the technology they use,
unlike younger generations who allow their lives to be shaped by it.‖
– Michael Rogers, Practical Futurist, in MIT Enterprise Forum Northwest Report


Exercise
Self Track:
Apps
Gadgets
Communities

http://exerciseismedicine.org/

Can we make aspiration and inspiration lead to perspiration?

http://pinterest.com/ [fitness]

Mobile

Camera
Microphone
Location
Apps
Text
Video
Community
Anytime, anywhere


The future of sensors

Measure compressive stresses in spine
Monitor blood for medication concentrations
Knee implants, stents, …

Monitor our Microbiome
Microbial cells : human cells = 10:1
(10-100 trillion microbes in our intestine)

Personalized
DIY – mix and match your own sensors
Track multiple conditions (not silo‘ed)

Bottom photo: John Rodgers, Science, Vol 333 no. 6044 pp. 838-843, 2011
www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6044/838 © Carol Torgan, Ph.D. 2012

―What used to take up a building
now fits in my pocket,
and what fits in my pocket
will fit inside a blood cell in 25 years.‖
– Ray Kurzweil, inventor and futurist


Carol Torgan, PhD, FACSM
Kinetics Consulting
www.caroltorgan.com
Twitter @ctorgan

List of talk resources available at:
www.caroltorgan.com/track-share-compare/

Gallery of tracking gadgets available at:
http://pinterest.com/caroltpin/wearable-tech/


Track, Share and Compare: The Hot Trend of Self-Tracking

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