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ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS
- 1. ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS CRISBERT I. CUALTEROS, MD http://crisbertcualteros.page.tl
- 6. Diagnostic Approach Hyponatremia Na and Water Deficit Water Excess Na and Water Excess Hypervolemia Hypovolemia Euvolemia
- 7. Diagnostic Approach Hyponatremia Hypovolemia Euvolemia Hypervolemia Renal Losses Diuretic excess Mineralcorticoid Deficiency Salt losing nephritis RTA Extrarenal Losses Vomiting Diarrhea Burn Pancreatitis Peritonitis Urine Na >20 Urine Na<10
- 8. Diagnostic Approach Hyponatremia Hypovolemia Euvolemia Hypervolemia Glucocorticoid Deficiency Hypothyroidism Pain Emotional Stress Drugs SIADH Urine Na >20
- 9. Diagnostic Approach Hyponatremia Hypovolemia Euvolemia Hypervolemia Nephrotic Syndrome Cardiac Failure Cirrhosis ARF CRF Urine Na <10 Urine Na >20
- 17. Diagnostic Approach Hypernatremia Na and H2O Deficits H2O losses Na Addition Excess Hypovolemia Euvolemia Hypervolemia
- 18. Diagnostic Approach Hypernatremia Hypovolemia Euvolemia Hypervolemia Renal losses Osmotic and loop diuretics Post obstruction Extrarenal Losses Sweating Burns Diarrhea Urine Na >20 Urine Na <10
- 19. Diagnostic Approach Hypernatremia Hypovolemia Euvolemia Hypervolemia Renal Losses Nephrogenic DI Central DI Extrarenal Losses Respiratory and Dermal Incensible Losses Urine Na = Variable Urine Na = Variable
- 20. Hypernatremia Hypovolemia Euvolemia Hypervolemia Primary Hyperaldoteronism Cushing’s Syndrome Hypertonic Dialysis Hypertonic NaHCO3 NaCl tablets Urine Na >20 mEq/L
- 32. Diagnostic Approach Hypokalemia Redistribution Extrarenal U K <20 Renal loss U K >20 Metabolic acidosis Diarrhea GI fistulas Laxative abuse Normal Acid-Base Profuse sweating Laxative abuse Gastric fistula Previous vomiting
- 33. Diagnostic Approach Hypokalemia Redistribution Extrarenal Loss U K <20 Renal Loss U K >20 Hypertensive High Plasma Renin Malignant HPN Renovascular HPN Renin secreting tumors Low Plasma Renin Primary Aldosteronism Cushing’s Syndrome Adrenal hyperplasia
- 34. Diagnostic Approach Hypokalemia Redistribution Extrarenal Loss U K <20 Renal Loss U K >20 Normotensive Metabolic Alkalosis U Cl <10 Vomiting U Cl >10 Diuretics Mg Depletion Barter syndrome Gittleman syndrome
- 35. Diagnostic Approach Hypokalemia Redistribution Extrarenal Loss U K <20 Renal Loss U K >20 Normotensive Metabolic acidosis Normal Anion Gap RTA Increase Anion Gap Diabetic Ketoacidosis Ethylene Glycol