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1. Running head: ZOOLOGY QUIZ 1
Zoology Quiz
Student’s Name
University Affiliation
Course Details

2. ZOOLOGY QUIZ 2
Zoology Quiz
1. Life-Cycle of a tapeworm
Tapeworms belong to the class Cestoda and they live in vertebrates’ digestive system. They
flat and segmented in shape and they prefer living in animals’ intestines. The most common
tapeworm species in humans include Diphyllobthrium spp (fish tapeworm), T.solium (pork
tapeworm), and T.saginata (beef tapeworm). The parasite infests many hosts in an ecological
system. The hosts include cattle, sheep, fish, goats, dogs and humans, among other hosts. In this
case, the intermediate hosts include the animals that humans feed on. Most of the tapeworms are
ingested through eating of improperly cooked food.
Affected organs
The most affected organs include intestines, stomach and the colon, among other organs
in the digestive tract.
Ingestion
Tapeworms are ingested into the host animal (take the case of humans), through eating of
food with eggs and tapeworm larvae. In most cases, the food or water is contaminated with stool
containing these eggs and larvae (Cobbold, 2007). Inside the body, the larvae move to the
intestines, where they develop into adults.
In case the host is intermediate, the larvae may form cyst in the body tissues during their
development into adults. Once the larvae have developed into adults, they grow in terms of
length and may survive for up to 20 years in the human body (Cobbold, 2007). The tapeworm
hooks itself onto the intestines of the host.

3. ZOOLOGY QUIZ 3
Reproduction inside the animal’s body and exit
The tapeworm is hermaphrodite, enabling it to undergo self-fertilization within the host’s
body. The female part of the tapeworm lays eggs, which are sometimes passed outside the host’s
body through the anus in stool. These eggs may be ingested by another host and the cycle
continues.
2. Life cycle of Corals
Corals have their habitats in the oceans. They are composed of living and non-living
components. For instance, they are made up of skeletons and minerals such as limestone
(Dubinsky & Stambler, 2010). Adult corals bare eggs within its organs in the body. Most of them
spawn few days after full moon, at the end of spring. The eggs are fertilized after they get in
contact with sperms in the water. The eggs are drifted till they form larvae.
The planulae, a form of larvae, develop they move and attach themselves on solids within the
ocean. They then develop into polyps within a short time. Polyps split into colonies, forming
identical offspring. The offspring often remain attached to the adult polyps. Thus, corals
reproduce by both asexual and sexual means. Once the corals are dead, calcium carbonate
remains on the coral reefs, which is then built into new polyps on the reefs and the cycle
continues (Dubinsky & Stambler, 2010).
3. Processes and molecules involved in the ‘Central Dogma’
Central Dogma is the process by which genetic information flows within a biological body
system (Miglani, 2002). The main molecules involved in the process are DNA, RNA and other
protein molecules. The processes involved are as replication, transcription and lastly, translation.

4. ZOOLOGY QUIZ 4
The diagram below summarizes the Central dogma process.
DNA DNA RNA Proteins
Replication Transcription Translation
4. Marine Food Chain
Tuna Copepod sardine dinoflagellates bacteria
Tertiary Secondary (Primary (Primary Producers) (decomposers)
Consumers consumers Consumers)

5. ZOOLOGY QUIZ 5
References
Cobbold, T. S. (2007). Tapeworms, human entozoan, their sources, nature, and treatment.
Dubinsky, Z., & Stambler, N. (2010). Coral reefs: An ecosystem in transition: An ecosystem in
transition: Springer Science & Business Media.
Mataya, M. L. (2010). Deep ocean food chains: Abdo.
Miglani, G. S. (2002). Advanced genetics: CRC Press.
Ridley, J. (2011). Parasitology for medical and clinical laboratory professionals: Cengage
Learning.