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Indian Portfolio of Energy Efficiency Policies
Balawant Joshi – Director
balawant.joshi@abpsinfra.com
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Outline of the Presentation
§  Energy Trends in India
§  NAPCC and NMEEE
§  PAT Scheme
§  Market Transformation Initiatives
§  EEFP and FEEED
Energy Trends in India
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
India at a Glance – Demographic profile
§  Population: 1.21 billion 2011 Provisional census, approx
400 mn without access to modern means of energy
§  GDP at Factor Cost (constant prices-1999-2000) in 2008-09:
US$ 660.16 bn
§  Per Capita Income (constant prices) in 2008-09: US$ 505.44
§  More than 30% population have less than $1/ day income
§  Ranks 119 in HDI index (2010)
§  Per capita electricity consumption (2009): 730 kWh
§  Energy–GDP elasticity during 1953–2001 has been above
unity. However for 1991–2000 it was less than unity
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
National Objectives for Electricity Supply
§  Access to Electricity for all by 2012
§  Increase in per capita consumption to 1000 units by 2012
§  Min lifeline consumption of 1 kWh/household/day by 2012
§  Demand to be fully met by 2012 (as against current peak
shortages of around 12%)
§  Financial Turnaround and Commercial Viability of the Sector
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Energy Trends in India
§  Energy consumption in India is low
§  Per capita energy consumption is 530 kgoe; world average is 1770
§  Per capita electricity consumption is 730kWh (2009) against world average of
2500 kWh
§  Energy demand is increasing due to rising incomes, accelerated
industrialization, urbanization and population growth
§  2003-04 : 572 Mtoe
§  2016-17 : 842-916 Mtoe
§  2026-27 : 1406-1561 Mtoe
§  Meeting the increasing demand only through increases in supply may
lead to:
§  Reduced energy security due to volatility in availability and prices of
imported fuels
§  Adverse environmental impacts
§  Strain on balance of payments
§  Therefore, energy conservation and energy-efficiency have to be an
essential part of national energy strategy
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Historically India has taken several efforts.
•  For promotion of EE & RE
–  In 1992, India established separate Ministry for Renewable
Energy sources
–  First feed-in tariff was established in 1993-94 for renewable
energy technologies
–  Energy Management Centre was established in 1980 s for
promotion of energy efficiency in Indian economy
–  In 2001, The Energy Conservation Act was passed by Indian
Parliament
–  Bureau of Energy Efficiency was established in 1992 to take
holistic view of energy efficiency
•  However, these efforts were disparate and recent discussions
on Climate Change issues has helped consolidate these
policies
Government of India s Initiatives for Energy
Efficiency
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
India s response to Climate Change
Ø  Honorable Prime Minister of India unveiled National Action Plan on
Climate Change (NAPCC) on June 30, 2008.
Ø  NAPCC identifies measures that promote India s development objectives
while also yielding co-benefits for addressing climate change effectively.
NAPCC is comprised of eight core national missions running through
2017 and will help in bringing better planning, management and
developmental strategies and cleaner technologies
Ø  Increased attention towards energy efficiency at a policy level is visible
with National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE) as one
of the missions under NAPCC
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Principles of NAPCC
Ø  Protecting the poor through an inclusive and sustainable development strategy,
sensitive to climate change
Ø  Achieving national growth and poverty alleviation objectives while ensuring
ecological sustainability
Ø  Efficient and cost-effective strategies for end-use Demand Side Management
Ø  Extensive& accelerated deployment of technologies for adaptation& mitigation
Ø  New and innovative market, regulatory, and voluntary mechanisms for
sustainable development
Ø  Effective implementation through unique linkages – with civil society and public-
private partnerships
Ø  International cooperation for R&D, technology transfer and global IPR regime
NAPCC seeks to promote sustainable development through enhanced demand for clean technologies by
creating stringent specifications such as ECBC, norms for industries etc and creating a market for new
technologies e.g. solar application , urban transportation system etc.
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Core Missions Under NAPCC (1/2)
•  Increased share of solar in the energy mix
•  Decentralized distribution of energy
•  Creation of more affordable, more convenient
solar power systems and storage
•  Clean technologies involved: Solar thermal
power generation, solar photovoltaic
generation etc.
National Solar Mission
•  Enhance cost effectiveness of improvements in
EE in energy-intensive large facilities
•  Shift to energy efficient appliances through
innovative measures
•  Mechanisms for financing DSM programmes&
other fiscal instruments
•  Clean technologies involved: efficient lighting,
VFD, clean coal technology etc.
National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
•  Extension of application of Energy
Conservation, Building Code, incentives for re-
tooling existing building stock
•  Recycling of materials and urban waste
management; technology development for
power from waste
•  Better urban planning and modal shift to
public transport
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
•  Focus on conservation of water, minimizing
wastage and ensuring equitable distribution
•  Recycling of waste water in urban areas
•  Adoption of new technologies such as low
temperature desalination for coastal cities
•  Optimize existing irrigation systems
•  Clean water purification technology
National Water Mission
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Core Missions Under NAPCC (2/2)
•  Sustaining and safeguarding the Himalayan
glacier and mountain eco-system
•  Understand whether and the extent to which
the Himalayan glaciers are in recession
•  Observational and monitoring network for the
Himalayan environment: to assess fresh water
resources and health of ecosystem
National Mission for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem
•  Afforestation of 6 million hectares
•  Coverage of degraded forest land
•  Enhancement of ecosystem services including
carbon sinks
•  Involvement of communities in Forest
protection & afforestation
National Mission for a Green India
•  Develop new varieties of crops capable of
withstanding extreme weather:
•  Orient agriresearch to monitor& evaluate
climate change& recommend changes
•  Convergence and integration of traditional
knowledge and practice systems, information
technologies and biotechnology
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
•  Funding of high quality and focused research
into climate change
•  Study impact on health, demography,
mitigation patterns and livelihoods
•  Establish network of dedicated climate change
related units in academic scientific institutions,
Set up Climate change research fund
•  Private sector initiatives through venture
capital funds
National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency
Ø  The basic tenet of the mission is to ensure a sustainable growth by an appropriate
mix of 4 E s namely- Energy, Efficiency, Equity and Environment.
Ø  Promote development objectives, while also yielding co-benefits for addressing
climate change effects.
Ø  By 2014-15 NMEEE to ensure,
§  Annual fuel savings in excess of 23 million toe
§  Cumulative avoided electricity capacity addition of 19,000 MW
§  CO2 emission mitigation of 98 million tons per year
Ø  NMEEE is expected to create a regulatory and policy regime to foster innovative
and sustainable business models to unlock the market for energy efficiency which
is estimated to be around Rs. 74,000 crores (USD 15 billion).
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Action Plan Under NMEEE
Action plan under the National Mission for Enhanced Energy
Efficiency seeks to implement four major initiatives.
Ø  A market based mechanism to enhance cost effective EE improvements in
energy-intensive industries and facilities, through Tradable Energy Savings
Certificates. (Perform Achieve and Trade(PAT))
Ø  Accelerating the shift to energy efficient appliances through innovative
measures to make the products more affordable. (Market Transformation for
Energy Efficiency)
Ø  Creation of mechanisms that would help finance DSM programmes in all
sectors by capturing future energy savings. (Energy Efficiency Financing
Platform (EEFP))
Ø  Developing fiscal instruments to promote energy efficiency namely
Framework for Energy Efficient Economic Development (FEEED)
Proposed Perform, Achieve &
Trade (PAT) Scheme
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Why PAT Scheme?
Sector	
   %	
  Energy	
  
Consump2on	
  
%	
  Contribu2on	
  to	
  
GDP	
  
Industry	
   40	
   27	
  
Agri,	
  AH	
  &	
  Fisheries	
   7	
   19	
  
Commercial	
  &	
  Services	
   43	
   54	
  
Household	
  &	
  Others	
   10	
   -­‐	
  
Source : Energy Conservation Guide, PCRA
Ø  Energy consumption by industry is significantly higher as compared to its
contribution to GDP.
Ø  If India has to reduce CO2 intensity, energy intensity of economy has to reduce.
Given its characteristic, industry is low lying fruit.
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Par2culars	
   2004-­‐05	
   2005-­‐06	
   2006-­‐07	
   2007-­‐08	
  
	
  
2008-­‐09	
  
	
  
Industry	
  GDP	
  (in	
  Rs.	
  Crore)	
   468,451	
   506,519	
   560,775	
   602,032	
   617,882	
  
Commercial	
  energy	
  consump2on	
  in	
  
Industry	
  (in	
  mtoe)	
  
152.8	
   164.7	
   174.3	
   181.4	
   186.3	
  
Energy	
  Intensity	
  of	
  industry	
  sector	
  
(mtoe	
  per	
  Billion	
  Rs.	
  	
  GDP)	
  
0.0326	
   0.0325	
   0.03102	
   0.03019	
   0.03015	
  
Ra2o	
  energy	
  intensity:	
  industry	
  vs.	
  
agriculture	
  and	
  service	
  sector	
  
4	
   4.3	
   4.2	
   4.3	
   4.4	
  
Note:	
  GDP	
  at	
  factor	
  cost	
  at	
  constant	
  (1999-­‐2000)	
  prices	
  (in	
  Rs.	
  Crore)	
  
Source:	
  Green	
  raRng	
  Project,	
  2009,	
  Centre	
  for	
  Science	
  and	
  Environment,	
  New	
  Delhi	
  
The energy intensity i.e. energy consumed per unit of GDP for
industrial sector has declined by about 1.5% per annum during
2004-05 to 2008-09 although the ratio of energy intensity in industry
to agriculture & service sector hovers around 4.0 – 4.4
Energy Scenario in Industrial Sector
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
•  Energy tariffs to industry in India are very high due to cross-subsidies
•  Competition drives industrial energy efficiency, but ……
Ø  Industry is risk averse to take up early adoption of new technologies
Ø  In developing countries, where new-plant addition rates are high,
§  Capacity expansion is more profitable than EE investment
§  Financially depreciated plants – which are older and less efficient – can
compete with newer plants which have to be more efficient
Ø  It is necessary to have Compliance scheme to incentivise industry
to undertake energy efficiency measures
Why Scheme for Industrial Energy Efficiency?
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Overview of PAT Mechanism
•  Administrator
–  Set target and compliance
period
•  Designated Consumers
–  8 sectors Thermal Power
P l a n t , S t e e l , C e m e n t ,
Fertilizer, Pulp & Paper,
Textile, Aluminium, Chlor-
alkali
•  Auditing Agencies
–  Independent
–  Monitor, verify and certify
•  Market Place
–  Transaction of energy
efficiency instrument
Set Targets
• Setting targets on the basis of current specific energy
consumption
• Set compliance period
• May take into account Location, Vintage, Technology, raw
materials, product mix etc.
Monitoring & verification of targets by
Designated Energy Auditors (DENA)
• Check if designated consumer has achieved targets
• Underachievement: Obligations to buy ESCerts or pay
penalty
• Overachievement: Issuance of ESCerts for banking for later
use or trade
Trading of ESCerts
• Participation by Designated consumers on platform
provided by Power Exchanges
• Symmetrical flow of information
Market	
  Based	
  Mechanism	
  
Reward
over -
achiever
Penalize
under -
performer
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
PAT Scheme
Ø  On 12th March 2007, Government of India notified minimum energy
consumption for following nine industrial sectors and notified the
industries qualifying these criteria as designated consumers .
Consumers satisfying the above criteria were identified and notified as
Designated Consumers.
Sector	
  
Minimum	
  Energy	
  
Consump2on	
  (MTOE)	
  
Power	
  	
   30000	
  
Fer2lizer	
   30000	
  
Chor	
  -­‐	
  Alkali	
   12000	
  
Iron	
  &	
  Steel	
   30000	
  
Cement	
   30000	
  
Tex2les	
   3000	
  
Pulp	
  &	
  Paper	
   30000	
  
Aluminium	
   7500	
  
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Process Flow for PAT Scheme
Power	
  
Exchange	
  
Scheme	
  Administrator	
  
Designated	
  
Consumers	
  
(DC)	
  
2	
  Target	
  
seZng	
  
Registry/	
  
Depository	
  
Informa(on	
  Exchange	
  
(instruc(on	
  to	
  monitor	
  
transac(ons)	
  
3	
  Obliga2ons	
  
Trading	
  	
  
Informa(on	
  
Exchange	
  
(trade	
  data)	
  
	
  5	
  Issue	
  
ESCerts	
  
Designated	
  Energy	
  
Auditor	
  (DENA)	
  	
  
4	
  Monitoring,	
  	
  verifica2on	
  &	
  
repor2ng	
  to	
  administrator	
  
7	
  Annual	
  Redemp2on	
  	
  
of	
  ESCerts	
  
9	
  Appointment	
  &	
  
empanelment	
  	
  
Energy	
  Auditors	
  	
  
6	
  ESCerts	
  
Trading	
  	
  
Informa(on	
  Exchange	
  
(compliance	
  reports)	
  
State	
  
Designated	
  
Agency	
  	
  
8	
  Decide	
  &	
  
Levy	
  	
  penalty	
  
1	
  Iden2fy	
  DCs	
  
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Proposed Institutional Design
BEE
Market Regulator & Administrator
SDA DENA
Designated
Consumers (DCs)
Central Registry Trading Exchange
Updated list
of DCs and
DENA
Any Baselines
Improvement
Audited Result
of DCs
Levy Penalties
in case of
default
Audit
Apply for
ESCerts
through PAT
Assessment
Document
(PAD)
Issuance of
EScerts
Updated Obligation
of DCs: Deficit or
Surplus
Updated ESCerts
Account Info
Settlement Details
ESCerts
Trading
Regular
updates
Regular Checks & Levy Penalties in case of
defaults
E-filing
Apply for
Empanelment
PAD
Information
MoP
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Roles of institutions
Sr No Institution Role Responsibility
1 Ministry of Power Issue necessary notifications in
consultation with BEE
2 Bureau of Energy Efficiency
(BEE)
Market Regulator and
Administrator
Reduce conflict of Interest; Accredit
DENA
3 Energy Efficiency Services
Limited
Process Manager, appoint
accredited 3rd party energy
auditors
Maintain centralized data
administration; strong quality
assurance
4 Designated Consumer Undertake energy efficiency
measures;
Maintain compliance with set energy
efficiency benchmark
5 Trading Platforms Maintain data of traded prices,
traded volumes and trends.
Create efficient and transparent
market for trading
6 State Designated Agencies Monitor Designated Consumers
in the State and levy penalty
7 Designated Energy Auditors Verification of specific energy
consumption
Audit industry energy savings
Market Transformation Initiatives
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Key Interventions
§  Provide energy use information
§  Labeling of appliances
§  Energy use information by units within industrial sectors
§  Mandate standards
§  Building Codes
§  Sectoral energy consumption norms in industry
§  Reduce perceived risk
§  Market Transformation & Demand side management
§  Performance guarantee contracting, through ESCOs
§  Incentives
§  Differential Taxation
§  Preference in Government Procurement
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Standards and Labeling of Appliances
§  Evolve minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for
notified equipment and appliances
§  Introduce Energy labeling to enable consumers to make
informed choice
§  The National Energy Labeling Programme was launched by
on 18th May, 2006.
–  Frost free refrigerators, fluorescent tube lights, air conditioners,
distribution transformers, induction motors, pump sets, ceiling fans,
LPG, electric geysers, Color TVs have been included in mandatory
labeling.
•  Mandatory labeling has been launched for four appliances:
tubular fluorescent lamps, frost free refrigerators, air
conditioners and distribution transformers
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Sample Labels
Refrigerator
Tubular Fluorescent Lamp
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Outreach and Recognition
§  Industrial units recognized for energy-efficiency
activities through high-profile Awards program
§  participating units of the 2010 Awards have collectively invested Rs.
5457 crores in energy conservation measures.
§  achieved a monetary saving of Rs. 2138 crores every year.
§  resulted in an annual saving of 2422 Million kWh of electrical energy.
§  equivalent to the energy generated from a 357 MW thermal power
station at a plant load factor of 0.775
§  National energy-conservation painting competition
draws participation from over children
§  2010 competition saw a record participation from 47155 schools and
15.63 lakh students from across the country
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Energy Conservation Building Code
§  ECBC covers:
§  Building Envelope (Walls, Roofs, Windows)
§  Lighting (Indoor and Outdoor)
§  Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) System
§  Solar Hot Water Heating
§  Electrical Systems
§  ECBC released in May 2007; mandatory after capacity building and
implementation experience
§  Applicable to new commercial buildings with electrical connected load of
100 kW or more
§  a few states leading the way in making ECBC mandatory – Orissa,
Haryana, Rajasthan and Delhi
§  Impact of ECBC - Reduced Energy Use for buildings
§  National Benchmark ~ 180 kWh/m2/year
§  ECBC Compliant building ~ 110 kWh/m2/year
Energy Efficiency Financing Platform & Framework
for Energy Efficient Economic Development
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Energy Efficiency Financing Platform…..(1/2)
Ø  Ensuring availability of finance at reasonable rates for energy efficiency
project implementation – Expansion of EEFP to include other FIs and
public and private sector banks;
Ø  Create demand for energy efficiency products, goods and services-
awareness, public policy, facilitation/ stimulation by preparation of
bankable projects and markets
Ø  Promotion of ESCOs – accreditation by CRISIL/ ICRA
Ø  Credible monitoring and verification protocols to capture energy savings
Ø  Capacity building of banks and FIs
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
EEFP – Current Status……(2/2)
•  Energy Efficiency Services Ltd. (EESL) has been created as a corporate
entity to provide market leadership
•  100 ESCOs have been rated
•  Stimulate necessary funding for ESCOs based on delivery mechanism
•  MoU with M/S PTC India, M/S SIDBI & HSBC bank signed by BEE
–  PTC India has started financing several building energy efficiency projects
–  SIDBI has taken up projects for 25 SME clusters
•  Investment Grade Energy Audits
–  Completed for large public buildings in different states of the country
–  Will be taken up for implementation through ESCO route
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Framework for Energy Efficient Economic Development…..(1/3)
•  Providing comfort to lenders by provision of
–  Risk guarantee for performance contract Partial Risk Guarantee Fund (PRGF)
–  Venture Capital Fund for Energy Efficiency (VCFEE)
–  Initial seed capital from Government budget-can be expanded by contributions from
other agencies as well.
–  Fund can be managed by the financial intermediaries
•  Incentives to Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs) to take up
energy efficiency
–  Policy guidance to CPSUs to take up energy efficiency project-special parameter (to be
called Energy Efficiency Performance Index (EEPI) on the line of KPI) may be added to
the MoU guidelines from 2010-11
–  Promoting Energy Efficient Public Procurement
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
Framework for Energy Efficient Economic Development…..(2/3)
•  Support and Assistance to Electricity Regulatory Commissions for
stimulating Utility driven Demand Side Management (DSM)
–  Develop a mechanism to incentivise utilities for DSM including Time of Day tariffs,
load management directives, etc.
–  Develop guidelines for evaluating DSM options and integrating DSM options with
supply side options.
–  DSM plan, design, preparation, period, load research, consumer surveys, cost-benefit
assessment, technology assessments, etc.
–  Evolve suitable monitoring and verification protocols for DSM programmes.
•  Tax/ Duty Exemptions for Promotion of Energy Efficiency
–  Graded excise duty for STAR labelled equipments in favour of higher efficiencies
–  Income and Corporate tax incentives for ESCOs/ Venture Capital funds, etc. in energy
efficiency
–  Providing infrastructure status to ESCO business
Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited
FEEED – Current Status…..(3/3)
•  Guidelines for procurement of energy efficient appliances and services by
public authorities under consideration of Government
•  To enhance energy efficiency measures at utility level, BEE is working
with the DSM Working Group of the Forum of Regulators (FOR) to
overcome regulatory barriers and enable utilities to undertake DSM.
Draft report has been prepared and is to be discussed by FOR
•  Partial Risk Guarentee Fund (PRGF) and Venture Capital Fund (VCF)
–  Rs.66.62 crores allocated for both the funds in 2010-11
–  Implementation document is under preparation
–  These funds are expected to operationalize by March 2011
•  Proposal on Energy efficiency in Public Procurement approved in
principle by CoS
–  Guidelines to be issued by Ministry of Finance are under preparation
•  Detailed proposal on Tax/Duty concessions for energy efficiency will
be submitted to Department of revenue
ABPS Infrastructure Advisory
Practical Solutions to Real Life Problems
ABPS Infrastructure Advisory
A-309, Kohinoor City
Kirol Road, off LBS Marg
Kurla (West), Mumbai 400 070
Ph: +91 22 6124 0400/ 6124 0444
Fax:+91 22 6124 0499
Email: contact@abpsinfra.com

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Indian Portfolio of Energy Efficiency Policies

  • 1. Indian Portfolio of Energy Efficiency Policies Balawant Joshi – Director balawant.joshi@abpsinfra.com
  • 2. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Outline of the Presentation §  Energy Trends in India §  NAPCC and NMEEE §  PAT Scheme §  Market Transformation Initiatives §  EEFP and FEEED
  • 4. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited India at a Glance – Demographic profile §  Population: 1.21 billion 2011 Provisional census, approx 400 mn without access to modern means of energy §  GDP at Factor Cost (constant prices-1999-2000) in 2008-09: US$ 660.16 bn §  Per Capita Income (constant prices) in 2008-09: US$ 505.44 §  More than 30% population have less than $1/ day income §  Ranks 119 in HDI index (2010) §  Per capita electricity consumption (2009): 730 kWh §  Energy–GDP elasticity during 1953–2001 has been above unity. However for 1991–2000 it was less than unity
  • 5. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited National Objectives for Electricity Supply §  Access to Electricity for all by 2012 §  Increase in per capita consumption to 1000 units by 2012 §  Min lifeline consumption of 1 kWh/household/day by 2012 §  Demand to be fully met by 2012 (as against current peak shortages of around 12%) §  Financial Turnaround and Commercial Viability of the Sector
  • 6. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Energy Trends in India §  Energy consumption in India is low §  Per capita energy consumption is 530 kgoe; world average is 1770 §  Per capita electricity consumption is 730kWh (2009) against world average of 2500 kWh §  Energy demand is increasing due to rising incomes, accelerated industrialization, urbanization and population growth §  2003-04 : 572 Mtoe §  2016-17 : 842-916 Mtoe §  2026-27 : 1406-1561 Mtoe §  Meeting the increasing demand only through increases in supply may lead to: §  Reduced energy security due to volatility in availability and prices of imported fuels §  Adverse environmental impacts §  Strain on balance of payments §  Therefore, energy conservation and energy-efficiency have to be an essential part of national energy strategy
  • 7. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Historically India has taken several efforts. •  For promotion of EE & RE –  In 1992, India established separate Ministry for Renewable Energy sources –  First feed-in tariff was established in 1993-94 for renewable energy technologies –  Energy Management Centre was established in 1980 s for promotion of energy efficiency in Indian economy –  In 2001, The Energy Conservation Act was passed by Indian Parliament –  Bureau of Energy Efficiency was established in 1992 to take holistic view of energy efficiency •  However, these efforts were disparate and recent discussions on Climate Change issues has helped consolidate these policies
  • 8. Government of India s Initiatives for Energy Efficiency
  • 9. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited India s response to Climate Change Ø  Honorable Prime Minister of India unveiled National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) on June 30, 2008. Ø  NAPCC identifies measures that promote India s development objectives while also yielding co-benefits for addressing climate change effectively. NAPCC is comprised of eight core national missions running through 2017 and will help in bringing better planning, management and developmental strategies and cleaner technologies Ø  Increased attention towards energy efficiency at a policy level is visible with National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE) as one of the missions under NAPCC
  • 10. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Principles of NAPCC Ø  Protecting the poor through an inclusive and sustainable development strategy, sensitive to climate change Ø  Achieving national growth and poverty alleviation objectives while ensuring ecological sustainability Ø  Efficient and cost-effective strategies for end-use Demand Side Management Ø  Extensive& accelerated deployment of technologies for adaptation& mitigation Ø  New and innovative market, regulatory, and voluntary mechanisms for sustainable development Ø  Effective implementation through unique linkages – with civil society and public- private partnerships Ø  International cooperation for R&D, technology transfer and global IPR regime NAPCC seeks to promote sustainable development through enhanced demand for clean technologies by creating stringent specifications such as ECBC, norms for industries etc and creating a market for new technologies e.g. solar application , urban transportation system etc.
  • 11. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Core Missions Under NAPCC (1/2) •  Increased share of solar in the energy mix •  Decentralized distribution of energy •  Creation of more affordable, more convenient solar power systems and storage •  Clean technologies involved: Solar thermal power generation, solar photovoltaic generation etc. National Solar Mission •  Enhance cost effectiveness of improvements in EE in energy-intensive large facilities •  Shift to energy efficient appliances through innovative measures •  Mechanisms for financing DSM programmes& other fiscal instruments •  Clean technologies involved: efficient lighting, VFD, clean coal technology etc. National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency •  Extension of application of Energy Conservation, Building Code, incentives for re- tooling existing building stock •  Recycling of materials and urban waste management; technology development for power from waste •  Better urban planning and modal shift to public transport National Mission on Sustainable Habitat •  Focus on conservation of water, minimizing wastage and ensuring equitable distribution •  Recycling of waste water in urban areas •  Adoption of new technologies such as low temperature desalination for coastal cities •  Optimize existing irrigation systems •  Clean water purification technology National Water Mission
  • 12. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Core Missions Under NAPCC (2/2) •  Sustaining and safeguarding the Himalayan glacier and mountain eco-system •  Understand whether and the extent to which the Himalayan glaciers are in recession •  Observational and monitoring network for the Himalayan environment: to assess fresh water resources and health of ecosystem National Mission for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem •  Afforestation of 6 million hectares •  Coverage of degraded forest land •  Enhancement of ecosystem services including carbon sinks •  Involvement of communities in Forest protection & afforestation National Mission for a Green India •  Develop new varieties of crops capable of withstanding extreme weather: •  Orient agriresearch to monitor& evaluate climate change& recommend changes •  Convergence and integration of traditional knowledge and practice systems, information technologies and biotechnology National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture •  Funding of high quality and focused research into climate change •  Study impact on health, demography, mitigation patterns and livelihoods •  Establish network of dedicated climate change related units in academic scientific institutions, Set up Climate change research fund •  Private sector initiatives through venture capital funds National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
  • 13. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency Ø  The basic tenet of the mission is to ensure a sustainable growth by an appropriate mix of 4 E s namely- Energy, Efficiency, Equity and Environment. Ø  Promote development objectives, while also yielding co-benefits for addressing climate change effects. Ø  By 2014-15 NMEEE to ensure, §  Annual fuel savings in excess of 23 million toe §  Cumulative avoided electricity capacity addition of 19,000 MW §  CO2 emission mitigation of 98 million tons per year Ø  NMEEE is expected to create a regulatory and policy regime to foster innovative and sustainable business models to unlock the market for energy efficiency which is estimated to be around Rs. 74,000 crores (USD 15 billion).
  • 14. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Action Plan Under NMEEE Action plan under the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency seeks to implement four major initiatives. Ø  A market based mechanism to enhance cost effective EE improvements in energy-intensive industries and facilities, through Tradable Energy Savings Certificates. (Perform Achieve and Trade(PAT)) Ø  Accelerating the shift to energy efficient appliances through innovative measures to make the products more affordable. (Market Transformation for Energy Efficiency) Ø  Creation of mechanisms that would help finance DSM programmes in all sectors by capturing future energy savings. (Energy Efficiency Financing Platform (EEFP)) Ø  Developing fiscal instruments to promote energy efficiency namely Framework for Energy Efficient Economic Development (FEEED)
  • 15. Proposed Perform, Achieve & Trade (PAT) Scheme
  • 16. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Why PAT Scheme? Sector   %  Energy   Consump2on   %  Contribu2on  to   GDP   Industry   40   27   Agri,  AH  &  Fisheries   7   19   Commercial  &  Services   43   54   Household  &  Others   10   -­‐   Source : Energy Conservation Guide, PCRA Ø  Energy consumption by industry is significantly higher as compared to its contribution to GDP. Ø  If India has to reduce CO2 intensity, energy intensity of economy has to reduce. Given its characteristic, industry is low lying fruit.
  • 17. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Par2culars   2004-­‐05   2005-­‐06   2006-­‐07   2007-­‐08     2008-­‐09     Industry  GDP  (in  Rs.  Crore)   468,451   506,519   560,775   602,032   617,882   Commercial  energy  consump2on  in   Industry  (in  mtoe)   152.8   164.7   174.3   181.4   186.3   Energy  Intensity  of  industry  sector   (mtoe  per  Billion  Rs.    GDP)   0.0326   0.0325   0.03102   0.03019   0.03015   Ra2o  energy  intensity:  industry  vs.   agriculture  and  service  sector   4   4.3   4.2   4.3   4.4   Note:  GDP  at  factor  cost  at  constant  (1999-­‐2000)  prices  (in  Rs.  Crore)   Source:  Green  raRng  Project,  2009,  Centre  for  Science  and  Environment,  New  Delhi   The energy intensity i.e. energy consumed per unit of GDP for industrial sector has declined by about 1.5% per annum during 2004-05 to 2008-09 although the ratio of energy intensity in industry to agriculture & service sector hovers around 4.0 – 4.4 Energy Scenario in Industrial Sector
  • 18. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited •  Energy tariffs to industry in India are very high due to cross-subsidies •  Competition drives industrial energy efficiency, but …… Ø  Industry is risk averse to take up early adoption of new technologies Ø  In developing countries, where new-plant addition rates are high, §  Capacity expansion is more profitable than EE investment §  Financially depreciated plants – which are older and less efficient – can compete with newer plants which have to be more efficient Ø  It is necessary to have Compliance scheme to incentivise industry to undertake energy efficiency measures Why Scheme for Industrial Energy Efficiency?
  • 19. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Overview of PAT Mechanism •  Administrator –  Set target and compliance period •  Designated Consumers –  8 sectors Thermal Power P l a n t , S t e e l , C e m e n t , Fertilizer, Pulp & Paper, Textile, Aluminium, Chlor- alkali •  Auditing Agencies –  Independent –  Monitor, verify and certify •  Market Place –  Transaction of energy efficiency instrument Set Targets • Setting targets on the basis of current specific energy consumption • Set compliance period • May take into account Location, Vintage, Technology, raw materials, product mix etc. Monitoring & verification of targets by Designated Energy Auditors (DENA) • Check if designated consumer has achieved targets • Underachievement: Obligations to buy ESCerts or pay penalty • Overachievement: Issuance of ESCerts for banking for later use or trade Trading of ESCerts • Participation by Designated consumers on platform provided by Power Exchanges • Symmetrical flow of information Market  Based  Mechanism   Reward over - achiever Penalize under - performer
  • 20. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited PAT Scheme Ø  On 12th March 2007, Government of India notified minimum energy consumption for following nine industrial sectors and notified the industries qualifying these criteria as designated consumers . Consumers satisfying the above criteria were identified and notified as Designated Consumers. Sector   Minimum  Energy   Consump2on  (MTOE)   Power     30000   Fer2lizer   30000   Chor  -­‐  Alkali   12000   Iron  &  Steel   30000   Cement   30000   Tex2les   3000   Pulp  &  Paper   30000   Aluminium   7500  
  • 21. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Process Flow for PAT Scheme Power   Exchange   Scheme  Administrator   Designated   Consumers   (DC)   2  Target   seZng   Registry/   Depository   Informa(on  Exchange   (instruc(on  to  monitor   transac(ons)   3  Obliga2ons   Trading     Informa(on   Exchange   (trade  data)    5  Issue   ESCerts   Designated  Energy   Auditor  (DENA)     4  Monitoring,    verifica2on  &   repor2ng  to  administrator   7  Annual  Redemp2on     of  ESCerts   9  Appointment  &   empanelment     Energy  Auditors     6  ESCerts   Trading     Informa(on  Exchange   (compliance  reports)   State   Designated   Agency     8  Decide  &   Levy    penalty   1  Iden2fy  DCs  
  • 22. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Proposed Institutional Design BEE Market Regulator & Administrator SDA DENA Designated Consumers (DCs) Central Registry Trading Exchange Updated list of DCs and DENA Any Baselines Improvement Audited Result of DCs Levy Penalties in case of default Audit Apply for ESCerts through PAT Assessment Document (PAD) Issuance of EScerts Updated Obligation of DCs: Deficit or Surplus Updated ESCerts Account Info Settlement Details ESCerts Trading Regular updates Regular Checks & Levy Penalties in case of defaults E-filing Apply for Empanelment PAD Information MoP
  • 23. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Roles of institutions Sr No Institution Role Responsibility 1 Ministry of Power Issue necessary notifications in consultation with BEE 2 Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) Market Regulator and Administrator Reduce conflict of Interest; Accredit DENA 3 Energy Efficiency Services Limited Process Manager, appoint accredited 3rd party energy auditors Maintain centralized data administration; strong quality assurance 4 Designated Consumer Undertake energy efficiency measures; Maintain compliance with set energy efficiency benchmark 5 Trading Platforms Maintain data of traded prices, traded volumes and trends. Create efficient and transparent market for trading 6 State Designated Agencies Monitor Designated Consumers in the State and levy penalty 7 Designated Energy Auditors Verification of specific energy consumption Audit industry energy savings
  • 25. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Key Interventions §  Provide energy use information §  Labeling of appliances §  Energy use information by units within industrial sectors §  Mandate standards §  Building Codes §  Sectoral energy consumption norms in industry §  Reduce perceived risk §  Market Transformation & Demand side management §  Performance guarantee contracting, through ESCOs §  Incentives §  Differential Taxation §  Preference in Government Procurement
  • 26. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Standards and Labeling of Appliances §  Evolve minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for notified equipment and appliances §  Introduce Energy labeling to enable consumers to make informed choice §  The National Energy Labeling Programme was launched by on 18th May, 2006. –  Frost free refrigerators, fluorescent tube lights, air conditioners, distribution transformers, induction motors, pump sets, ceiling fans, LPG, electric geysers, Color TVs have been included in mandatory labeling. •  Mandatory labeling has been launched for four appliances: tubular fluorescent lamps, frost free refrigerators, air conditioners and distribution transformers
  • 27. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Sample Labels Refrigerator Tubular Fluorescent Lamp
  • 28. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Outreach and Recognition §  Industrial units recognized for energy-efficiency activities through high-profile Awards program §  participating units of the 2010 Awards have collectively invested Rs. 5457 crores in energy conservation measures. §  achieved a monetary saving of Rs. 2138 crores every year. §  resulted in an annual saving of 2422 Million kWh of electrical energy. §  equivalent to the energy generated from a 357 MW thermal power station at a plant load factor of 0.775 §  National energy-conservation painting competition draws participation from over children §  2010 competition saw a record participation from 47155 schools and 15.63 lakh students from across the country
  • 29. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Energy Conservation Building Code §  ECBC covers: §  Building Envelope (Walls, Roofs, Windows) §  Lighting (Indoor and Outdoor) §  Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) System §  Solar Hot Water Heating §  Electrical Systems §  ECBC released in May 2007; mandatory after capacity building and implementation experience §  Applicable to new commercial buildings with electrical connected load of 100 kW or more §  a few states leading the way in making ECBC mandatory – Orissa, Haryana, Rajasthan and Delhi §  Impact of ECBC - Reduced Energy Use for buildings §  National Benchmark ~ 180 kWh/m2/year §  ECBC Compliant building ~ 110 kWh/m2/year
  • 30. Energy Efficiency Financing Platform & Framework for Energy Efficient Economic Development
  • 31. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Energy Efficiency Financing Platform…..(1/2) Ø  Ensuring availability of finance at reasonable rates for energy efficiency project implementation – Expansion of EEFP to include other FIs and public and private sector banks; Ø  Create demand for energy efficiency products, goods and services- awareness, public policy, facilitation/ stimulation by preparation of bankable projects and markets Ø  Promotion of ESCOs – accreditation by CRISIL/ ICRA Ø  Credible monitoring and verification protocols to capture energy savings Ø  Capacity building of banks and FIs
  • 32. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited EEFP – Current Status……(2/2) •  Energy Efficiency Services Ltd. (EESL) has been created as a corporate entity to provide market leadership •  100 ESCOs have been rated •  Stimulate necessary funding for ESCOs based on delivery mechanism •  MoU with M/S PTC India, M/S SIDBI & HSBC bank signed by BEE –  PTC India has started financing several building energy efficiency projects –  SIDBI has taken up projects for 25 SME clusters •  Investment Grade Energy Audits –  Completed for large public buildings in different states of the country –  Will be taken up for implementation through ESCO route
  • 33. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Framework for Energy Efficient Economic Development…..(1/3) •  Providing comfort to lenders by provision of –  Risk guarantee for performance contract Partial Risk Guarantee Fund (PRGF) –  Venture Capital Fund for Energy Efficiency (VCFEE) –  Initial seed capital from Government budget-can be expanded by contributions from other agencies as well. –  Fund can be managed by the financial intermediaries •  Incentives to Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs) to take up energy efficiency –  Policy guidance to CPSUs to take up energy efficiency project-special parameter (to be called Energy Efficiency Performance Index (EEPI) on the line of KPI) may be added to the MoU guidelines from 2010-11 –  Promoting Energy Efficient Public Procurement
  • 34. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited Framework for Energy Efficient Economic Development…..(2/3) •  Support and Assistance to Electricity Regulatory Commissions for stimulating Utility driven Demand Side Management (DSM) –  Develop a mechanism to incentivise utilities for DSM including Time of Day tariffs, load management directives, etc. –  Develop guidelines for evaluating DSM options and integrating DSM options with supply side options. –  DSM plan, design, preparation, period, load research, consumer surveys, cost-benefit assessment, technology assessments, etc. –  Evolve suitable monitoring and verification protocols for DSM programmes. •  Tax/ Duty Exemptions for Promotion of Energy Efficiency –  Graded excise duty for STAR labelled equipments in favour of higher efficiencies –  Income and Corporate tax incentives for ESCOs/ Venture Capital funds, etc. in energy efficiency –  Providing infrastructure status to ESCO business
  • 35. Practical Solutions to Real Life ProblemsABPS Infrastructure Advisory Private Limited FEEED – Current Status…..(3/3) •  Guidelines for procurement of energy efficient appliances and services by public authorities under consideration of Government •  To enhance energy efficiency measures at utility level, BEE is working with the DSM Working Group of the Forum of Regulators (FOR) to overcome regulatory barriers and enable utilities to undertake DSM. Draft report has been prepared and is to be discussed by FOR •  Partial Risk Guarentee Fund (PRGF) and Venture Capital Fund (VCF) –  Rs.66.62 crores allocated for both the funds in 2010-11 –  Implementation document is under preparation –  These funds are expected to operationalize by March 2011 •  Proposal on Energy efficiency in Public Procurement approved in principle by CoS –  Guidelines to be issued by Ministry of Finance are under preparation •  Detailed proposal on Tax/Duty concessions for energy efficiency will be submitted to Department of revenue
  • 36. ABPS Infrastructure Advisory Practical Solutions to Real Life Problems ABPS Infrastructure Advisory A-309, Kohinoor City Kirol Road, off LBS Marg Kurla (West), Mumbai 400 070 Ph: +91 22 6124 0400/ 6124 0444 Fax:+91 22 6124 0499 Email: contact@abpsinfra.com