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San Joaquin Valley
PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE (PEV) READINESS PLAN
Phase One Regional PEV Assessment




California Center for Sustainable Energy
Acknowledgements
The California Center for Sustainable Energy gratefully appreciates   Utility Service Providers:
the feedback and guidance of the many stakeholders throughout         Lodi Electric
the San Joaquin Valley who contributed to this Assessment.            Merced Irrigation District
                                                                      Pacific Gas & Electric
Government Agencies/Regional Partners:                                Modesto Irrigation District
Bay Area Air Quality Management District                              Southern California Edison
California Energy Commission                                          Turlock Irrigation District
Fresno COG
Kern County of Governments                                            Participating San Joaquin Valley Jurisdictions:
Merced CAG                                                            City of Arvin		               City of Modesto
Office of Governor Jerry Brown                                        City of Bakersfield		         City of Newman
Sacramento Area Council of Governments                                City of Clovis		              City of Orange Cove
San Joaquin COG                                                       City of Coalinga		            City of Patterson		
San Joaquin County Fleet Services                                     City of Fresno		              City of Sanger
San Joaquin County Office of Education                                City of Kingsburg		           City of Stockton	
San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District                     City of Lemoore		             City of Taft		
San Joaquin Valley Clean Cities Coalition                             City of Lodi		                City of Tracy		
South Coast Air Quality Management District                           City of Madera		              City of Tulare		
Tulare CAG                                                            City of McFarland		           City of Turlock
United States Department of Energy                                    City of Manteca		             City of Visalia
University of California, Davis Plug-In Hybrid & Electric Vehicle     City of Merced		              County of San Joaquin	
   Research Center
                                                                      Private Industry:
Nonprofits:                                                           ECOtality
Ameri-Skills                                                          General Motors
EV Infrastructure Training Program                                    Nissan
California Employment Training Panel                                  Three-Way Chevrolet
Community Environmental Council
Plug In America
Plug-in Electric Vehicle Collaborative
                                                                      The participants who contributed to this report represent numerous
                                                                      and diverse stakeholder entities. No participant should be deemed
                                                                      to endorse or support all of the conclusions or recommendations
                                                                      contained in this report.




Disclaimer
This report was prepared as a result of work sponsored, paid for, in whole or in part, by a U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE) Award to the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (APCD). The opinions, findings, conclusions, and
recommendations are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of APCD or the DOE. The APCD and
DOE, their officers, employees, contractors, and subcontractors make no warranty, expressed or implied, and assume no legal
liability for the information in this report. The APCD and DOE have not approved or disapproved this report, nor have the
APCD or DOE passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information contained herein.
HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT                                      TABLE OF CONTENTS

              The San Joaquin Valley PEV readiness assessment is            EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................. 3
              designed to enhance local PEV planning efforts by
                                                                            SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION...................................................... 5
              evaluating the current state of PEV readiness and
              identifying potential areas of improvement as well as         SECTION 2: PEV 101....................................................................... 7
              tangible best practices developed throughout the San          	 What is a PEV and are there different types?
              Joaquin Valley, California and abroad. This document          	 Are there different types of charging stations?
              was designed for local government staff including             	 How long does it take to charge a vehicle?
              planners, code officials and building inspectors.             	 Where are public charging stations?

              The primary focus of this assessment is on the installation   SECTION 3: PEV OWNERSHIP AND EVSE DEPLOYMENT....... 9
              of PEV charging infrastructure, or electric vehicle           	 San Joaquin Valley PEV Adoption
              supply equipment (EVSE). The first three sections of          	 California PEV Deployment
              this document provide basic information on PEVs, an           	 National PEV Deployment
              overview of the deployment of PEVs and EVSE across            	 San Joaquin Valley PEV Owner Demographics
              the San Joaquin Valley and a summary of incentive             	 San Joaquin Valley Public Charging Station Locations
              programs for San Joaquin Valley businesses, residents and
              public agencies. Subsequently, the assessment focuses         SECTION 4: PEV AND EVSE INCENTIVES............................17
              on the following five core actions critical to preparing      	 Plug-in Electric Vehicle Incentives
              municipalities for PEVs.                                      	 Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Incentives
                                                                            	 Training for Alternative Fuel Vehicles
              SECTION 5: ZONING AND PARKING (pp. 19–24)
                                                                            SECTION 5: ZONING AND PARKING.....................................19
              SECTION 6: PERMITTING AND INSPECTION (pp. 25–31)              	 Policy Gaps and Areas for Improvement
                                                                            	 Addressing Policy Gaps and Areas for Improvement
              SECTION 7: BUILDING CODES (pp. 33–37)
                                                                            	 Recommendations for Regional Next Steps
              SECTION 8: TRAINING AND EDUCATION (pp. 39–41)
                                                                            SECTION 6: PERMITTING AND INSPECTION....................25
              SECTION 9: OUTREACH TO LOCAL BUSINESSES AND                   	 Policy Gaps and Areas for Improvement
              RESIDENTS (pp. 43–45)                                         	 Addressing Policy Gaps and Areas for Improvement
                                                                            	 Recommendations for Regional Next Steps
              Each section is designed to stand on its own, allowing
              municipal staff to focus only on areas that are relevant      SECTION 7: BUILDING CODES.................................................33
              to their work. For example, agency staff involved in          	 Policy Gaps and Areas of Improvement
              developing or updating municipal codes are encouraged         	 Addressing Policy Gaps and Areas of Improvement
              to refer directly to Section 7: Building Codes. However,      	 Recommendations for Regional Next Steps
              we encourage municipal staff in the San Joaquin Valley to
                                                                            SECTION 8: TRAINING AND EDUCATION...........................39
              utilize all sections in this assessment.
                                                                            	 Policy Gaps and Areas for Improvement
                                                                            	 Addressing Policy Gaps and Areas of Improvement
                                                                            	 Recommendations for Regional Next Steps

                                                                            SECTION 9: OUTREACH TO LOCAL BUSINESSES
                                                                            AND RESIDENTS............................................................ 43
                                                                            	 Policy Gaps and Areas for Improvement
                                                                            	 Addressing Policy Gaps and Areas of Improvement
                                                                            	 Recommendations for Regional Next Steps




1   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
2   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

              Introduction                                                        •	   Develop EVSE permit municipality-utility
              During 2012, the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control                communication channel, increasing utility knowledge
              District (SJVAPCD) received Department of Energy (DOE)                   of additional electricity load of PEVs in the San Joaquin
              funding to prepare for the adoption of plug-in electric                  Valley
              vehicles (PEVs). This report is the project’s first phase and
              contains an evaluation of how prepared San Joaquin Valley           Core Area #3: Updating Building Codes for EVSE
              jurisdictions are for PEV deployment.                               Deployment (pp. 33–37)
                                                                                  •	  Expand understanding of building code revision
              This assessment concentrates on the installation of                     timelines and processes
              PEV charging infrastructure, or electric vehicle supply             •	  Modify existing use/discretionary permitting
              equipment (EVSE). The first three sections provide                      processes to include EVSE prewiring language
              basic PEV information, an overview of PEV and EVSE                  •	  Adopt/update prewiring for EVSE in residential and
              deployment and a summary of incentive programs for San                  nonresidential new construction
              Joaquin Valley businesses, residents and public agencies.
              Subsequently, the focus is on five critical core areas:             Core Area #4: Training and Education Programs for
                                                                                  Municipalities and EVSE Installers (pp. 39–41)
                      	 Updating zoning and parking policies                      •	  Implement at least two PEV readiness trainings for
                                                                                      regional municipal staff
                      	 Streamlining permitting and inspection processes
                                                                                  •	  Leverage regional alternative fuel training funding to
                      	 Updating building codes for electric vehicle                  implement PEV infrastructure training for EVSE installers
                        supply equipment (EVSE)
                                                                                  •	  Coordinate and expand DOE-funded safety training for
                      	 Training and education programs for                           emergency first responders in the San Joaquin Valley
                        municipalities and EVSE installers
                                                                                  Core Area #5: Municipal PEV Outreach to Local
                      	 Municipal PEV outreach and education programs             Residents and Businesses (pp. 43–45)
                        for local residents and businesses                        •	  Develop PEV resources page on regional
                                                                                      municipalities and municipally owned utility websites
              Key PEV Readiness Recommendations
                                                                                  •	  Support, coordinate and expand existing PEV
              For each core area, we have identified recommendations
                                                                                      consumer education in the San Joaquin Valley
              based on regional and external best practices. These
                                                                                  •	  Promote PEV and EVSE incentives to local governments
              recommendations address policy gaps and are intended
                                                                                  •	  Develop and implement PEV dealer education to San
              to assist municipalities in becoming more PEV ready. It is
                                                                                      Joaquin Valley car dealerships
              important to recognize that each recommendation builds
                                                                                  •	  Create and distribute regionally focused EVSE
              off extensive research and interaction with municipalities
                                                                                      installation consumer education materials
              throughout the region.
                                                                                  Regional Next Steps
              Core Area #1: Updating Zoning and Parking Policies
                                                                                  The second phase of this project, funded by the California
              (pp. 19–24)
                                                                                  Energy Commission, will establish the San Joaquin Valley
              •	   Implement consistent general service and regulatory
                                                                                  Plug-in Electric Vehicle Coordinating Council (SJV PEVCC).
                   signage for PEVs throughout the San Joaquin Valley
                                                                                  The SJV PEVCC will be comprised of representatives from
              •	   Update municipal zoning language for dedicated PEV
                                                                                  local governments, public agencies, utilities, industry and
                   parking based on PEV market growth
                                                                                  the nonprofit sector.
              •	   Establish regional EVSE parking accessibility guidelines
                                                                                  This council will leverage the recommendations listed
              Core Area #2: Streamlining Permitting and Inspection
                                                                                  here to develop a comprehensive San Joaquin Valley PEV
              Processes (pp. 25–31)
                                                                                  readiness plan that identifies, reduces and resolves barriers
              •	  Establish and adopt regional EVSE permitting and
                                                                                  to the widespread deployment of private and public PEV
                  inspection guidelines for residential EVSE installations
                                                                                  charging stations throughout the San Joaquin Valley.
              •	  Develop express permitting for simple residential EVSE
                  installations, waive plan check requirement for these permits



3   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
4   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
              The San Joaquin Valley’s unique geography, emissions                  how prepared municipalities in the San Joaquin Valley are
              from both northern and southern California as well as air             for PEV deployment focusing on the following five core
              pollution from regional population growth collectively                elements:
              create significant challenges to the region’s air quality.
              Transportation continues to be one of the largest                             	 Updating zoning and parking policies
              contributors to air pollution in the San Joaquin Valley.                      	 Streamlining permitting and inspection processes
              With respect to smog-forming oxides of nitrogen (NOx),
                                                                                            	 Updating building codes for electric vehicle
              nearly 60% are directly attributed to cars and trucks on                        supply equipment (EVSE)
              the road today. Data on greenhouse gas emissions in the
              San Joaquin Valley is not available, however in California                    	 Training and education programs for
                                                                                              municipalities and EVSE installers
              approximately 40% of this pollution comes from the
              transportation sector.                                                        	 Municipal PEV outreach and education programs
                                                                                              for local residents and businesses

                      California Greenhouse Gas Emissions                           The California Center for Sustainable Energy (CCSE) has led
                                                                                    the first phase of this project, with broad interaction with
                                 Commercial
                                              Non Specified                         stakeholders throughout the region. These stakeholders
                   Agriculture
                    & Forestry
                                   3%             3%                                include the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control
                      6%                                                            District (SJVAPCD) and the San Joaquin Valley Clean Cities
                                                                                    organization. Additionally, CCSE has conducted surveys
               Residential
                                                                  Transportation
                  6%                                                                for jurisdictions throughout the region as well as extensive
                                                                      36%           research regarding policies and strategies focused on
                                                                                    expanding PEV deployment.


              Electricity
              Generation
               24%                                            Source: California
                                                                                    Transportation in the
                                                              Air Resources Board
                                                                                    San Joaquin Valley is
                                          Industrial
                                           21%                                      responsible for ~60%
              As a result of progressive leadership from the San Joaquin
                                                                                    of smog forming NOx.
              Valley Air Pollution Control district, regionwide emission
                                                                                    It is important to note that this assessment is part of larger
              levels have dropped significantly since 1990. However,
                                                                                    efforts to prepare municipalities throughout the San
              sharp emission reductions in the transportation sector
                                                                                    Joaquin Valley for the deployment of PEVs. The second
              are essential in order for this trend to continue. While not
                                                                                    phase of this project, funded from the CEC, was awarded
              the only method, the increased deployment of plug-in
                                                                                    to the SJVAPCD and CCSE. Through this grant, SJVAPCD
              electric vehicles (PEV) is a key strategy to realizing reduced
                                                                                    and CCSE will establish the San Joaquin Valley Plug-in
              emissions, providing a necessary pathway to improved air
                                                                                    Electric Vehicle Coordinating Council. (SJV PEVCC).
              quality for all residents in the San Joaquin Valley.
                                                                                    SJV PEVCC will be comprised of representatives from
              During the past year, the San Joaquin San Joaquin Valley
                                                                                    local governments, public agencies, utilities, industry and
              region has received funding from the Department of
                                                                                    the nonprofit sector. The primary focus of the group is
              Energy (DOE) and the California Energy Commission
                                                                                    to develop a San Joaquin Valley PEV readiness plan that
              (CEC). This report is the first phase of this project, funded
                                                                                    identifies, reduces and resolves barriers to the widespread
              from the DOE, and includes an assessment evaluating



5   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
deployment of private and public PEV charging stations,                      B-16-2012 that directs the state government to help in
    also known as electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE).                      significantly expanding the market for zero-emission
                                                                                 vehicles (ZEVs) in California, which includes PEVs and
                                                                                 fuel cell vehicles. This executive order established several
                                                                                 milestones, with the ultimate target of reaching 1.5 million
                                                                                 ZEVs in California by the year 2025.2 In addition, the
                                                                                 governor executed Executive Order B-18-2012 that directs
                                                                                 state agencies to “identify and pursue opportunities
                                                                                 to provide electric vehicle charging stations, and
                                                                                 accommodate future charging infrastructure demand, at
                                                                                 employee parking facilities in new and existing buildings.”3

                                                                                 Undoubtedly, local governments will play a critical role
                                                                                 in reaching these ambitious goals set by the president
    This assessment will assist SJV PEVCC in developing this                     and the governor. However, local governments are not
    regional plan, including the five core areas highlighted                     expected to establish policies and processes necessary
    above as well as the following:                                              to meet these targets in isolation. This document was
                                                                                 developed to assist local governments in the San Joaquin
             6	 Challenges to EVSE installation at multiunit
                                                                                 Valley by giving them tools they need to become PEV
                dwellings (MUDs)
                                                                                 ready. In addition, ongoing regional efforts will offer
              7	 Regional planning for EVSE siting                               more resources to help jurisdictions throughout the San
                                                                                 Joaquin Valley continue to provide their residents and local
             8	 Working with utilities to manage grid impacts
                                                                                 businesses excellent services in a time when municipal
              9	 Encouraging workplace charging with local                       budgets are tight.
                 employers

             10	 Expanding EVSE installations on public
                 agency-owned property

             11	 Promotion of PEVs in government fleets

             12	 Leveraging renewable energy in PEV charging

    It is also important to emphasize that these efforts are
    tied to larger national and state goals. On the federal level,
    President Obama has made it clear that the United States
    is dedicated to developing and deploying PEVs on a large
    scale. In his 2011 State of the Union address, President
    Obama called for putting one million electric vehicles
    on the road by 2015 – affirming and highlighting a goal
    aimed at building U.S. leadership in technologies that
    reduce our dependence on oil.1

    The State of California is also rising up to the challenge.
    In March 2012, Governor Brown issued Executive Order




    1
     Department of Energy. “One Million Electric Vehicles by 2015: February 2011 Status Report.” Feb 2011. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/
    vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/1_million_electric_vehicles_rpt.pdf
    2
        Executive Order B-16-2012, http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=17472
    3
        Executive Order B-18-2012, http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=17508




6   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
SECTION 2: PEV 101
              What is a PEV                                                                          Are there different types
              and are there different types?                                                         of charging stations?
              A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is a general term for cars                            Different types of chargers are available for plug-in electric
              that can operate, at least partially, on battery power and                             vehicles, which generally have a range of 60–120 miles on
              that are recharged from the electricity grid. There are two                            a single charge. Charging overnight at home should suffice
              main types of PEVs: battery electric vehicles and plug-in                              for day-to-day driving, and expanding public infrastructure
              hybrid electric vehicles.                                                              will provide charging on the road.

              •	      Battery electric vehicle (BEV) — Vehicles that are                             •	   Level 1 (120 volt) — PEVs come with a 120-volt
                      entirely powered by an electric motor. These vehicles                               charging cord that enables PEV owners to charge their
                      are also known as zero emission vehicles (ZEV) or all-                              PEV with any conventional 120-volt three-pronged
                      electric vehicles (AEV).                                                            outlet. While it takes longer to charge, Level 1 (L1)
                                                                                                          allows PEV drivers to plug in without the installation of
                                                                                                          a dedicated charging station.
                                                                   electricity




                                                  battery
                                                                                                     •	   Level 2 (240 volt) — This level of charging requires
                                                                                 gas
                                electric                                                                  a charging station, also known as electric vehicle
                                motor
                                                                                                          service equipment (EVSE), be purchased and installed
                                                                                                          and generally involves the installation of a dedicated
                                                                                                          circuit at either the PEV owner’s home or where a
                      Some examples of BEVs on the market include the
                                                                                                          public charging station is installed. Currently, Level 2
                      Nissan LEAF, CODA, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Honda Fit EV,
                                                                                                          (L2) EVSE makes up the majority of public charging
                      Ford Focus Electric, BMW ActiveE, smart ED and Tesla
                                                                                                          stations across California.
                      Model S.
                                                                                                     •	   DC Fast Charger (480 volt) — DC fast charging
              •	      Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) — PHEVs can
                                                                                                          stations deliver the fastest EV charging rate currently
                      plug into the grid so they can operate on electricity as
                                                                                                          available. Though relatively few are installed in
                      well as an internal combustion engine.
                                                                                                          California, there are plans to increase significantly the
                                                                                                          number of these stations by 2015.4
                                                                                       electricity
                                                                   gasoline




                                                  battery                                            For more information on PEV charging stations currently
                                                   gas
                       engine
                                                                                                     available on the market, visit www.GoElectricDrive.com.
                                electric
                                motor




                                                                                                     How long does it take
                      Some examples of PHEVs on the market include the
                      Chevrolet Volt, Toyota Plug-in Prius and the Ford CMAX
                                                                                                     to charge a vehicle?
                      Energi.                                                                        PEV charging time depends on two primary factors, the size
                                                                                                     of the battery as well as the onboard charger. As a rule of
              For more information on available BEVs and PHEVs, visit the
                                                                                                     thumb, BEVs have a larger battery compared to PHEVs. The
              PEV Resource Center at www.driveclean.ca.gov/pev.
                                                                                                     onboard charger is located in the vehicle and determines
                                                                                                     the amount of power that can enter the vehicle from the
                                                                                                     grid.


              4
                  http://www.torquenews.com/1075/californias-settlement-nrg-electric-car-charging-network-headed-ferc




7   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
The table5 below illustrates the charging time associated
    with the most popular BEV and PHEV on the market today,
    the Nissan LEAF and the Chevrolet Volt.



                                                                                                                  Type of PEV

              Charging                Power              Charger            Miles/Hour of
               Level                  Supply              Power                Charge
                                                                                                    Nissan Leaf              Chevrolet Volt


         Level 1                                         1.4 kW
                                     120 VAC                                  ~3–4 miles              ~17 hours                 ~9 hours
                                                    (onboard charger)

                                                         3.3 kW               ~8–10 miles             ~7 hours                  ~3 hours
                                                    (onboard charger)
                      electricity




         Level 2                     240 VAC
                                                         6.6 kW              ~17–20 miles            ~3.5 hours                 ~1.5 hours
                                                    (onboard charger)

                                                                                                                              Not currently
                      electricity




         DC Fast                                          45 kW
                                    200–450 DC                               ~50–60 miles       ~30 minutes to 80%             available
         Charge                                         (off-board)                                                            on PHEVs




    Where are public charging stations?
    There is an expanding network of Level 2 and DC fast
    charging stations across the state and the San Joaquin
    Valley region. For more information on where these
    charging stations are located, visit the DOE Alternative
    Fuel Data Center at www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/
    stations/.




    5
        Modified from a Communication Guide developed by the PEV Collaborative, http://www.driveclean.ca.gov/images/pev/charge_times_chart_lg.jpg




8   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
SECTION 3: PEV OWNERSHIP AND EVSE DEPLOYMENT
              The following section highlights PEV ownership on the                            Area, Los Angeles and San Diego. As of October 2012,
              regional, state and national level. In addition to PEV                           approximately 1% of PEVs in the state were located in
              deployment, this section provides a brief snapshot of PEV                        the San Joaquin Valley. While PEV regional adoption is
              owner demographics in the San Joaquin Valley. The final                          lower than other areas of the state, the trend in vehicle
              component of this section provides an overview of existing                       deployment has steadily increased since July 2012.6 It is
              and planned EVSE deployment throughout the region.                               interesting to note that there has been a significant jump
                                                                                               between September and October 2012, in large in part
                                                                                               due to an increase in PHEV sales.7 This trend will likely
              San Joaquin Valley PEV Adoption                                                  continue considering the considerable distance between
                                                                                               cities in the San Joaquin Valley as well as the current
              On the regional level, the San Joaquin Valley has been                           limited amount of public charging infrastructure.
              slower to adopt PEVs than the leading markets in the Bay



                                                          San Joaquin Valley PEV Adoption by Month


                                                                                                                                             PHEV
                                             35
                                                                                                                                             BEV
                                             30
                                             25
                                             20
                                             15
                                             10
                                                             10/2012
                                                              9/2012
                                                             8/2012




                                              5
                                                             7/2012
                                                            6/2012
                                                            5/2012
                                                           4/2012
                                                           3/2012
                                                          2/2012
                                                          1/2012
                                                        12/2011
                                                        11/2011
                                                       10/2011
                                                        9/2011
                                                        8/2011




                                              0
                                                       7/2011
                                                       6/2011
                                                      5/2011
                                                      4/2011
                                                     3/2011
                                                     2/2011
                                                    1/2011
                                                   12/2010




                      California and Regional
                      PEV Data Resource
                      Updated dynamically, the online CVRP database
                      (www.energycenter.org/cvrp) allows users to filter
                      by utility, county and air district, as well as by vehicle
                      and applicant type. In addition, the site offers
                      program data for download as well as GIS maps of
                      vehicle deployment by county.



              6
                  Based on CVRP data and reports from auto manufacturers
              7
               Note that the Chevrolet Volt was not eligible for the CVRP until February 2012. To account for Volt sales, we assume that 1% of California Volt sales
              took place in the San Joaquin Valley region.




9   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
California PEV Deployment                                                      California and San Joaquin Valley PEV deployment data
                                                                                    was obtained from the Clean Vehicle Rebate Project (CVRP)
     As of October 2012, approximately one-quarter of all PEVs                      applicant database. Not every PEV owner in California
     sold in the nation were purchased by California drivers.                       applies for a rebate through the CVRP; therefore, not
     This is likely due to significant incentives offered on both                   every PEV in the state is counted in these charts. While
     the state and regional level for vehicles as well as available                 the CVRP database does not provide the exact number of
     infrastructure. In addition, there is approximately an equal                   PEVs throughout California, it does provide one of the best
     share of PHEV and BEV owners throughout the state.                             pictures of the PEV market availableand is an important
     However, the trend in PHEV ownership is increasing at a                        resource for local government staff involved in PEV
     faster pace compared to BEVs.                                                  planning.



                                                     California PEV Deployment by Month


                                                                                                                          PHEV
                        1500
                                                                                                                          BEV
                        1200

                         900

                         600

                         300
                                           10/2012
                                            9/2012
                                           8/2012
                                           7/2012
                                          6/2012
                                          5/2012
                                         4/2012
                                         3/2012
                                        2/2012
                                        1/2012
                                      12/2011
                                      11/2011
                                     10/2011
                                      9/2011
                                      8/2011




                            0
                                     7/2011
                                     6/2011
                                    5/2011
                                    4/2011
                                   3/2011
                                   2/2011
                                  1/2011
                                 12/2010




     8
      Sales figures sourced from HybridCars.com with additional input from EDTA member companies http://www.electricdrive.org/index.php?ht=d/
     sp/i/20952/pid/20952
     9
         Department of Energy Alternative Fuel Data Center, http://www.afdc.energy.gov/data/tab/all/data_set/10301




10   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
National PEV Deployment                                                         It is important to note that HEVs and PEVs are not a direct
                                                                                               comparison. There are no added changes to a person’s daily
               In less than two years, PEV deployment across the nation                        routine when purchasing a HEV. Consumers essentially
               has risen to more than 56,000 vehicles, marking a                               purchase a more efficient gasoline-powered vehicle. However,
               significant achievement in the PEV market. For example,                         with the decision to drive a PEV, consumers shift their fuel
               when hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) hit the market, it took                     from gasoline to electricity. Recognizing this more complex
               almost four years before HEV sales reached the number                           relationship, it is even more significant that PEVs have
               that PEVs have in less than two years.                                          achieved such success in a relatively short period of time.




                                                               Cumulative National PEV Deployment


                                                                                                                                             PHEV
                                             60,000
                                                                                                                                             BEV
                                             50,000

                                             40,000

                                             30,000
                                             20,000

                                             10,000




                                                                   10/2012
                                                                    9/2012
                                                                   8/2012
                                                                   7/2012
                                                                  6/2012
                                                                  5/2012
                                                                 4/2012
                                                                 3/2012
                                                                2/2012
                                                                1/2012
                                                              12/2011
                                                              11/2011
                                                             10/2011
                                                              9/2011
                                                              8/2011




                                                     0
                                                             7/2011
                                                             6/2011
                                                            5/2011
                                                            4/2011
                                                           3/2011
                                                           2/2011
                                                          1/2011
                                                         12/2010




               As the chart indicates, PHEV deployment across the                              Air Resources Board (ARB) and CCSE to CVRP participants
               nation has increased at a faster pace compared to BEV                           throughout California.10 In partnership with ARB, CCSE
               deployment. While there are many reasons for this trend,                        has received responses from more than 2,000 California
               vehicle range, charging station cost and the lack of public                     PEV owners. This survey is critical in achieving a greater
               infrastructure are likely important aspects. This underscores                   understanding of who these drivers are and their charging
               the need to expand public charging as well as streamline                        and driving behavior.
               installation processes thereby reducing the overall costs to
               consumers.                                                                      Out of the total number of respondents, 27 are located in
                                                                                               the San Joaquin Valley. Some of the key demographics and
                                                                                               summary statistics of San Joaquin Valley PEV owners are
               San Joaquin Valley PEV Owner                                                    included on the following pages:

               Demographics
               PEV owner demographic data presented in this section
               comes directly from surveys conducted by the California



               10
                 CCSE and ARB survey CVRP applicants in six-month intervals, after these drivers have owned their vehicle for at least six months or longer. This
               structure allows CCSE to track the change in PEV owner behavior over time as well as compare the behavior of one group of drivers (e.g., early
               adopters) to another (e.g., mid-adopters). To read a report on the results of the first cohort, visit www.energycenter.org/pevsurvey.




11   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY PEV OWNER DEMOGRAPHICS
Attitude towards public charging infrastructure


93            % varying levels of dissatisfaction
              expressed
                with public charging infrastructure
                    Very Satisfied – 3%                                                                    80             %
                    Satisfied – 3%
                                                                                                      of primary PEV
                    Unsatisfied – 43%
                                                                                                      drivers are male
                    Very Unsatisfied – 50%




94            %
Percentage of survey respondents                                  Level 2
who are Nissan Leaf owners                                        Charger
                                                                  electricity




                                                                     0          %
                                                                                  Percentage of survey
                                                                                  respondents who have
  PEV vs. conventional vehicle                                                    access to workplace charging
  use by activity
100%
 90%
 80%
 70%                                                                            Educational level


                                                                                                                 57
 60%                                                                            of respondents
 50%
 40%
                                                                                                                          %
 30%
 20%
 10%                                                   Vacation
  0%                                Leisure Business    travel
                         Shopping            travel                                7%         7%       27%
         Work Personal
       commute errands
                                                                                  Some      Associate Bachelor’s  Post
                                                                                 college,    degree    degree graduate
             Conventional vehicle                PEV                            no degree                        degree
Average miles driven per day                                        Household income of California
           65
            %
                                    10%
                                               Up to 15 miles
                                                                    new car buyers
                                                                          PEV buyers                                47%
                                                                          Statewide conventional
                                                                          vehicle buyers*
      26   %                                   15 to 30 miles

                                                                                     30%
                                               30 to 45 miles
                                                                                                                                  44%
                                                                                                          13  %




                                                                                                  27%
                                                                                   19  %
                                                                                                                  10%
                                                                      0  %

                                                                                                                            $150,000
                                                                                                            $100,000           or
                                                                                             $50,000           to             more
                                                                               Less             to
                                                                               than                         $150,000
                                                                                             $100,000
                                                                              $50,000
                                                                    *Source: Gil Tal, UC Davis, Plug-in 2012 Conference, July 2012
3% reside in an apartment



                        93
or condominium

                                     %                                                           Statewide
                                                                                                62% received
                                     reside in a                                                  a free or




                                                                       9
                                                                                                 subsidized
                                     single-family                                                 Level 2
                                     detached home                                 %              charger




                                                                        received a free
                                                                        or subsidized
                                                                        Level 2 charger



                                                     37            %
                                                                have photovoltaic
                                                                 systems installed
                                                                   on their home




       Statewide
     90% have a
                      77      %
                      have a Level 2
    Level 2 charger
      installed in
                      charger installed
      their home      in their home     Importance of subsidy for decision
                                        to purchase a Level 2 charger

                               0          20                40               60                      80                     100

                                                   Somewhat             Not at all
San Joaquin Valley Regional Public Charging Station Locations

                                                                                 LEGEND                                    Lodi
                                                                                 Existing EVSE
                                                                                                                           Stockton
                                                                             Vehicles by county
                                                                                3–7                                Tracy
                                                                                8 – 20                                        Modesto
                                                                                21 – 25
                                                                                26 – 56
                                                                                57 – 62

                                                                             Vehicles by zip code
                                                                                0
                                                                                1–2
                                                                                3–5                                               Clovis
                                                                                                                             Fresno
                                                                                6 – 10




                                                                                                                                  Visalia




                                                                                                                            Bakersfield




     This map indicates the existing public charging stations         In addition, the map provides the distribution of PEVs
     available in the San Joaquin Valley region. Charging             throughout the region by county and zip code, utilizing
     station location data was obtained from the Department           data from the CVRP. On the county level, the counties of
     of Energy’s Alternative Fuel Data Center11, which is one of      San Joaquin, Kern and Fresno are leading PEV adoption.
     the most up-to-date resources available. It is clear from        Taking a closer look at PEV deployment at the zip code
     the map that there is limited public charging available to       level, we see that there are higher concentrations of PEVs
     PEV owners throughout the San Joaquin Valley. While San          around the following eight cities: Tracy, Stockton, Lodi,
     Joaquin County is beginning to see a cluster of charging         Modesto, Fresno, Clovis, Visalia and Bakersfield. These cities
     stations, the remaining counties in the San Joaquin Valley       also are where we see the majority of PEV charging stations
     either completely lack or only have a couple charging            in the San Joaquin Valley.
     stations available to the public. It is important to note that
     all of the stations identified in the map are Level 2 EVSE;      In order for PEV adoption to increase, there will need to be
     there are no DC fast charging stations available.                a more diverse and robust network of charging stations
                                                                      installed in the San Joaquin Valley. This will likely include an



     11
          Alternative Fuel Data Center www.afdc.energy.gov




14   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
increase in workplace and public charging as well as DC fast
               charging stations that are strategically located to provide
               interregional travel between cities in the San Joaquin
               Valley. While not the focus of this report, the second phase
               of this project will bring together the SJV PEVCC and
               additional stakeholders throughout the region to develop
               a more thorough regional charge port infrastructure plan.
               This plan will identify location quantity and investment
               required to install necessary infrastructure beginning in
               2014, including a map of proposed infrastructure sites and
               a timeline for infrastructure deployment.




15   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
16   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
SECTION 4: PEV AND EVSE INCENTIVES
               The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District                                    Plug-in Electric Vehicle Incentives:
               (SJVAPCD) offers incentives toward the purchase of PEVs
               and PEV infrastructure to San Joaquin Valley public                                      Public Benefit Grant Program — Up to $100,000 in
               agencies, businesses and residents. In many cases the                                    Funding for Public Agencies
               incentives offered through the SJVAPCD can be combined
                                                                                                        The Public Benefit Grant Program is specifically designed
               with existing state programs to provide even more savings.
                                                                                                        for tax-exempt institutions that are unable to take
               A short description of each of these programs as well as the
                                                                                                        advantage of available tax credits. There is a maximum
               combined value of San Joaquin Valley and state incentives
                                                                                                        of $20,000 per vehicle with a cap of $100,000 per agency
               is included below, when available.
                                                                                                        per year for new alternative fueled vehicle purchases (e.g.,
                                                                                                        electric, hybrid, CNG, LNG, LPG). Funding is provided on a
                     For more information on any of the incentive                                       first-come, first-served basis as long as funding is available.
                     programs listed here visit www.valleyair.org                                       Applications are available online, and applications must be
                                                                                                        submitted before a new vehicle is purchased.
                     Or contact the Air District directly by phone:
                     (559) 230-5800 or by email: weberip@valleyair.org



                                          Example of State and San Joaquin Valley Combined Incentives for a BEV (e.g., Nissan LEAF)


                         $2,500                        + $20,000 =                                                               $22,500
                     Clean Vehicle Rebate                Public Benefit                              vehicle incentive for San Joaquin Valley public agencies
                       Project incentive


               REMOVE II — Up to $3,000 in Funding                                                      and businesses of the SJVAPCD. The program is open on
               for Local Businesses and Residents                                                       an ongoing basis, and funding is provided on a first-come,
                                                                                                        first-served basis as long as funding is available. Rebates
               The Drive Clean! Rebate Program provides rebates for the
                                                                                                        under this program range from $2,000 for a PHEV to $3,000
               purchase of eligible new, clean-air vehicles for residents
                                                                                                        for a BEV. Applications are available online.


                                          Example of State and San Joaquin Valley Combined Incentives for a BEV (e.g., Nissan LEAF)


                    $2,500 + $3,000 =                                                                                     $5,500
                    Clean Vehicle DriveClean!                                    vehicle incentive for San Joaquin Valley residents and local businesses
                    Rebate Project
                      incentive




               12
                 To be eligible public agencies, businesses and residents must reside in the following eight counties: San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Madera,
               Fresno, Kings, Tulare and the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin portion of Kern
               13
                 This includes counties, special districts (i.e., water districts, irrigation districts, etc.) and public educational institutions (i.e., school districts,
               community colleges, state universities, etc.)




17   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
Hybrid Voucher Incentive Program — Up to $60,000 in                  early market introduction of clean, low-carbon hybrid and
     Funding for Fleet Operators                                          electric trucks and buses. The HVIP base vouchers range
                                                                          from $8,000 to $45,000 on a first-come, first-served basis for
     The California Hybrid and Zero-Emission Truck and Bus
                                                                          the purchase of each eligible new hybrid or electric truck
     Voucher Incentive Project (HVIP) is a program created by
                                                                          or bus. In addition, fleets in the San Joaquin Valley that can
     the California Air Resources Board (ARB) to help speed the
                                                                          add up to $30,000 more per voucher.

                Example of State and San Joaquin Valley Combined Incentives for an Electric Truck (e.g. Smith Electric Newton)


      $40,000 + $20,000 =                                                                $60,000
        HVIP     SJV Plus Up                                  for San Joaquin Valley businesses, public agencies and fleet operators




     Electric Vehicle Infrastructure                                      Training for Alternative Fuel Vehicles
     Incentives
     While still under development, incentives for fueling                Alternative Fuel Vehicle Mechanic Training Component
     infrastructure will be available in 2013.
                                                                          This program provides incentives and subsidies for the
                                                                          education of personnel on the mechanics, operation safety
     Drive Clean! Rebate Program — Residential                            and maintenance of alternative fuel vehicles, equipment
     Infrastructure                                                       structures, refueling stations and tools involved in the
                                                                          implementation of alternative fuel emission reducing
     This component of the existing Drive Clean! Program will             technologies. This component is open on an ongoing basis,
     provide rebates for the purchase and installation of eligible        and funding is provided first-come, first-served as long
     Level 2 EVSE residential charging stations. When this                as funding is available. Applications are available online.
     program becomes available, it will be open on an ongoing             Agencies can receive a maximum of $15,000 per fiscal year.
     basis with funding provided on a first-come, first-served
     basis as long as funding is available. Rebate applications
     will be available online with an estimated rebate amount of
     up to $1,000, although this may change.



     Drive Clean! Rebate Program – Public Infrastructure

     This component of the Drive Clean! Program is still being
     developed, but when available it will provide incentives
     for the purchase and installation of public PEV charging
     stations. When this component opens, it will be open on an
     ongoing basis with funding provided on a first-come, first-
     served basis as long as funding is available. Applications
     will be available online, and applicants will need to execute
     a contract with the district prior to construction. The
     estimated incentive amount is up to 50% of the cost of the
     unit and installation, although this may change.




18   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
SECTION 5: ZONING AND PARKING
               This section focuses on zoning and parking ordinances                        counties that were included in the survey. Despite the low
               and policies and their relationship to the installation of                   participation rate, based on the results on this section, we
               residential and public PEV charging infrastructure in the                    have identified that most of the agencies in the region
               San Joaquin Valley. The first part identifies potential gaps                 have not considered zoning and parking policies for
               and areas for improvement in local zoning and parking                        EVSE. In fact, only 5% of cities responding to the survey
               policies for EVSE from the results of the San Joaquin Valley                 have looked at EVSE requirements of other agencies to
               PEV readiness survey. The second part provides a summary                     determine what zoning and parking requirements are best
               of the actions taken to date regarding addressing signage                    for their jurisdiction. The table below highlights the results.
               and parking guidelines for PEVs in the San Joaquin Valley.
                                                                                            Participating Jurisdictions in the San Joaquin Valley: Clovis,
               The final part provides concise recommendations for
                                                                                            Coalinga, Tracy, Merced, Fresno, Tulare, Bakersfield,
               zoning and parking polices in the region based on lessons
                                                                                            Kingsburg, Orange Cove, Arvin, McFarland, Madera,
               learned since the project’s inception.
                                                                                            Modesto, Newman, Taft, Visalia, Lodi and Manteca

                                                                                            Note: The City of Clovis and Merced had two individuals
               Policy Gaps and Areas for                                                    provide separate responses for their jurisdiction, each was
               Improvement: Zoning and Parking                                              credited. This information is based on surveys conducted
                                                                                            in 2012, some cities may have begun working on PEV
               Eighteen jurisdictions in the San Joaquin Valley region                      readiness since the survey was implemented but this will
               completed the zoning and parking section of the PEV                          not be reflected in the section below.
               readiness survey. This is only 31% of the 64 cities and



                                           Assessing Zoning and Parking Requirements for EVSE and PEVs

                       Percent*                                                           Agency Assessment


                         0%                 Agency has already adopted requirements for EVSE that we feel would be a best practice example
                                            for the state of California



                         0%                 Agency is in the process of adopting requirements for EVSE


                                            Agency is looking at other agencies’ requirements for EVSE to determine what is best for their
                         5%                 jurisdiction (Merced)

                                            Agency requires further information to determine requirements for EVSE (Clovis, Orange Cove,
                        25%                 Madera, Manteca)

                                            Agency has only started to consider how to adapt requirements for EVSE (Tracy, Fresno, Arvin,
                        15%                 Visalia)

                                            Agency has not started to look at how to adapt requirements for EVSE (Coalinga, Tulare,
                        55%                 Bakersfield, Merced, Kingsburg, McFarland, Modesto, Newman, Taft, Lodi)

               *All percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number; as a result, the total percentage may not equal 100%




19   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
Lack of Staff Resources Throughout the Region                                     if mandated by the state. Otherwise, staff will make no
                                                                                       changes to the municipal code. The City of Newman is also
     From personal phone calls conducted while administering                           short staffed, as it currently employs only one individual
     the survey, it was clear that the lack of staff resources was                     to run the planning department. As mentioned previously,
     a significant barrier for the majority of regional agencies.                      the distribution of zoning and parking best practices is
     In some cases, the planning department consists of only                           critical to spur EVSE deployment in the region.
     one person. This makes any update to a city’s municipal
     code a daunting task. The City of Madera, for example,                            Again, while none of the jurisdictions responding to
     acknowledged that it was in the process of updating                               the survey have developed unique zoning and parking
     zoning ordinances to include EVSE but needed more                                 ordinances for EVSE installations, jurisdictions such as the
     information to determine how to properly incorporate                              City of Tracy reported that if their planning agency was
     EVSE. Furthermore, the City of Madera had only one staff                          in the process of adopting revised zoning and parking
     person responsible for updating their municipal code.                             ordinances for EVSE, staff anticipated it would take up to
     Despite this, the planner indicated that a draft of the                           six months for adopting new ordinances. In addition, the
     updated municipal code is on schedule to be completed                             cities of Merced, Modesto, McFarland and Manteca
     by the end of 2012, with a public hearing process in spring                       would likely take six to eight months to amend their zoning
     2013 and possibly adoption of EVSE zoning and parking                             ordinance. Times for other cities, such as Newman, Taft
     policies in summer 2013. Subsequently, CCSE shared with                           and Lodi, are slightly shorter with ordinance adoption
     Madera staff a set of recognized best practices that regional                     taking anywhere from a few months to four to six months.
     governments in California and Canada have adopted to                              On the other hand, the cities of Coalinga and Tulare
     promote PEV infrastructure. These best practices include                          expect a year for any revised ordinances that include EVSE
     building code requirements and zoning and parking                                 zoning and parking regulations to be included. It should
     ordinances for PEV infrastructure.                                                be noted that the City of Coalinga reported that it had
                                                                                       used consultants to develop general zoning and parking
     In support of this practice, a significant majority of                            ordinances for EVSE.
     jurisdictions (85%) said that it would be helpful to have
     other best practice zoning and parking ordinances
     available for reference; however, only 30% would be willing                       Addressing Policy Gaps
     to share best practice documents with regional partners,
     if they felt their zoning and parking requirements were
                                                                                       and Areas for Improvement
     identified as a best practice example in the state.                               While addressing EVSE zoning and parking policies in the
                                                                                       San Joaquin Valley is a significant issue, there has been only
     Majority of Local Agencies Have Not Developed
                                                                                       one jurisdiction working on developing internal policies.
     or Modified Existing Ordinances for EVSE
                                                                                       The following section describes the City of Tracy’s work
     A significant majority (80%) of cities in the San Joaquin                         to address parking guidelines at PEV charging stations.
     Valley have not developed or modified existing ordinances                         Additionally, this section describes the regional adoption of
     for the incorporation of EVSE into their municipal code.                          CALGreen Building Codes and the statewide effort to create
     The lack of staff resources is one reason, but survey                             more consistent PEV signage.
     respondents also indicated they have not experienced
     the public demand to justify the use of resources to
     incorporate specific EVSE policies. The City of Modesto, for                      Local Sustainability Action Plan: The City of Tracy
     example, has not considered adopting zoning and parking
                                                                                       The City of Tracy Sustainability Action Plan, published in
     policies because of the lack of public demand for PEV
                                                                                       February 2011, includes an analysis of sustainability targets,
     infrastructure in the city. The City of Newman, on the other
                                                                                       specific measures and a summary of expected benefits.14
     hand, indicated that they are reactive to state policies and
                                                                                       In the transportation and land use sustainability measures,
     would adopt new zoning and parking EVSE requirements
                                                                                       the plan calls for the “increased use of low-carbon fueled


     14
          The City of Tracy Sustainability Plan, 2011, www.ci.tracy.ca.us/documents/Sustainability_Action_Plan.pdf




20   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
vehicles” to support low-carbon fueled vehicles policies,                    of PEV vehicle purchases in the region does not justify
               which inherently stimulate the adoption of PEVs and PEV                      the use of public funds for PEV infrastructure. Further, the
               infrastructure.                                                              city indicated that the implementation of specific EVSE
                                                                                            zoning and parking policies into the city’s municipal code is
               Transportation and Land Use Measure: Increased Use of
                                                                                            unlikely with limited staff resources.
               Low-Carbon Fueled Vehicles15

               Conduct the following to promote the use of low-carbon
                                                                                            EVSE Signage
               fueled vehicles:
                                                                                            While not a regional effort, it is important to recognize work
               •	   Amend the zoning ordinance or city standards to
                                                                                            on the state level to develop more consistent signage for
                    require new projects to provide parking spaces
                                                                                            PEVs. The California Department of Transportation, Sonoma
                    reserved for hybrid or electric vehicles (EVs), carpool
                                                                                            County Department of General Services and the California
                    or car share vehicles.
                                                                                            PEV Collaborative have developed a proposal to add five
               •	   Require dedicated parking spots for alternative fuel,                   signs, one plaque and an optional pavement marking to
                    hybrid, carpool, or car share vehicles in city parking                  the 2012 edition of the California Manual on Uniform Traffic
                    lots and consider installing charging connections.                      Control Devices (CA MUTCD). This effort is tied directly to
                                                                                            Governor Brown’s Zero Emission Vehicle Executive Order,
               •	   Encourage the use of hybrid and electric
                                                                                            which has a goal of reaching 1.5 million PEVs and fuel cell
                    construction equipment and the use of alternative
                                                                                            vehicles by 2025.
                    fuels for construction equipment.
                                                                                            These signs are categorized into regulatory and general
                                                                                            service signs. Examples of the new signs are included.
               Parking Guidelines

               Some jurisdictions are in the process of adopting CALGreen
                                                                                            Regulatory Signs
               Building Code requirements that designate 10% of parking
               be set aside for all alternative fuel and low-emission vehicles
               in public spaces. However, none of the jurisdictions in the                        PEV Tow-Away Symbol: This sign indicates that
               San Joaquin Valley has adopted the voluntary measures for                          vehicles will be towed if not utilizing the available
               EVSE included in CALGreen that specifically recommend                              charging station (per CVC 21511). This sign will
               prewiring for EVSE in residential and nonresidential new                           include the tow-away symbol with the following
               buildings. The 2010 California Green Building Standards                            language “UNAUTHORIZED VEHICLES NOT
               Code (CALGreen) became effective on January 1, 2011.                               CONNECTED FOR ELECTRIC CHARGING PURPOSES
                                                                                                  WILL BE TOWED AWAY AT THE OWNER’S EXPENSE . . .”
               The City of Merced, for instance, has adopted the 10%                              with red text on a white background and be 24” x 24”.
               parking set aside, but has yet to complete any public
               EVSE installations. On the other hand, the city has recently
               purchased 22 hybrid vehicles and has multiple city-
               owned compressed natural gas (CNG) trucks for garbage                                            UNAUTHORIZED VEHICLES NOT
                                                                                                                 CONNECTED FOR ELECTRIC
               collection. This highlights that regional communities                                               CHARGING PURPOSES
                                                                                                                   WILL BE TOWED AWAY
               are taking measures to become more sustainable in                                                 AT THE OWNER’S EXPENSE
               the transportation sector, however, more education on                                                  TOWED VEHICLES
                                                                                                                    MAY BE RECLAIMED AT
               the benefits of fleet conversion to PEVs (e.g., financial                                                   (Insert Address)

               incentives and economics) and the installation of EVSE                                               OR BY TELEPHONING
                                                                                                                      (Insert Telephone Number)
               are needed. The city has identified that the low volume



               15
                 The EV parking recommendation also calls for other sustainable transportation measures such as encouraging employers to create vanpool or
               shuttle programs for employees and converting the municipal automotive fleet to cleaner fuels and lower emissions. All low-emission vehicle
               recommendations are located in T-17: Increased Use of Low Carbon Fueled Vehicles, pp. 5-13.




21   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
No Parking Symbol: This sign indicates no parking       General Directional Signs
          unless for charging a PEV. This will include the
          following language “EXCEPT FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE
          CHARGING” with red text on a white background and          Electric Vehicle Charging Station Symbol and
          be 12” x 18”.                                              Word Message Signs: These signs will assist in
                                                                     directing PEV drivers to charging stations from the




                                P
                                                                     freeway, local streets and at charging locations. The
                                                                     sign includes the EV charging station symbol (shown)
                                                                     or the following text “ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING
                                                                     STATION” with white text on blue background. Sign
                                                                     sizes should be 30” x 30” for freeway or major arterial
                         EXCEPT FOR
                                                                     highway application, 24” x 24” for local streets, and 18”
                          ELECTRIC
                                                                     x 18” off-street parking application.
                           VEHICLE
                          CHARGING
                                                                                                   ELECTRIC
          Permissive Charging Symbol: This sign indicates the                                       VEHICLE
          time that charging will be available and will include
          the following language “[Electric Vehicle] __ HOUR                                       CHARGING
          CHARGING - __AM TO __PM” with green text on a                                             STATION
          white background and be 12” x 18”.




                         #        HOUR                               FAST Electric Vehicle Charging Station: This plaque
                                                                     indicates the charging station is capable of a charge in
                         CHARGING                                    less than one hour (faster charge compared to a Level
                                                                     2 station). The sign will include the language “FAST”


                         7AM 6 PM
                                                                     in white text on a blue background and be 24” x 6” or
                                  TO                                 30” x 8”. This plaque is for use only with the Electric
                                                                     Vehicle Charging station symbol and word message.




                                                                                   FAST




22   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
Optional EV charging Pavement Marking: This                Recommendations
                    pavement marking will indicate a parking space is for
                                                                               for Regional Next Steps
                    EV charging only for on- and off-street electric vehicle
                    charging station stalls. The pavement marking will         Based on the feedback from the PEV readiness survey,
                    include the following language “EV CHARGING ONLY”          we have identified that zoning and parking policies for
                    in white text.                                             EVSE are practically nonexistent in the San Joaquin Valley.
                                                                               Jurisdictions across the region have expressed interest
                                                                               in receiving information on how other agencies have
                                                                               developed these policies. While a few agencies have begun
                                                                               to address some of these issues, there are additional areas
                                                                               where clear guidance is needed.

                                                                               Through the lessons learned in the San Joaquin Valley
                                                                               and a review of national and state best practices, we
                                                                               have identified four recommendations. The first three
                                                                               are focused on consistent signage, designated parking
                                                                               for PEVs and parking accessibility guidelines. The fourth
                                                                               recommendation is more of a strategy that utilizes the San
                                                                               Joaquin Valley Plug-in Electric Vehicle Coordinating Council
                                                                               to review and prioritize national and state best practices
                                                                               and identify how these will be implemented in the region.
                                                                               Note that a complete list of best practices reviewed in
                                                                               preparation of this plan is included in the zoning and
                                                                               parking section of the Appendix.



                                                                               Consistent General Service and Regulatory Signage

                                                                               Recommendation: Collectively adopt across the San
                                                                               Joaquin Valley region the general service and regulatory
                                                                               PEV signage recommended by the California Department
                                                                               of Transportation, the California Plug-in Electric Vehicle
                                                                               Collaborative and the County of Sonoma amendments to
                                                                               the 2012 edition of the California Manual on Uniform Traffic
                                                                               Control Devices.

                                                                               Benefits: Standardizing signs for PEV parking across the
                                                                               San Joaquin Valley will decrease costs, create uniformity.
                                                                               This signage was based on signage currently endorsed
                                                                               by the state and the U.S. Department of Transportation
                                                                               Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Aligning regional
                                                                               signage policy with state and federal efforts allows for more
                                                                               consistent signage and less confusion for PEV drivers.




23   REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment
San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment

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San Joaquin Valley PEV Readiness Plan: Phase One Regional PEV Assessment

  • 1. San Joaquin Valley PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE (PEV) READINESS PLAN Phase One Regional PEV Assessment California Center for Sustainable Energy
  • 2. Acknowledgements The California Center for Sustainable Energy gratefully appreciates Utility Service Providers: the feedback and guidance of the many stakeholders throughout Lodi Electric the San Joaquin Valley who contributed to this Assessment. Merced Irrigation District Pacific Gas & Electric Government Agencies/Regional Partners: Modesto Irrigation District Bay Area Air Quality Management District Southern California Edison California Energy Commission Turlock Irrigation District Fresno COG Kern County of Governments Participating San Joaquin Valley Jurisdictions: Merced CAG City of Arvin City of Modesto Office of Governor Jerry Brown City of Bakersfield City of Newman Sacramento Area Council of Governments City of Clovis City of Orange Cove San Joaquin COG City of Coalinga City of Patterson San Joaquin County Fleet Services City of Fresno City of Sanger San Joaquin County Office of Education City of Kingsburg City of Stockton San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District City of Lemoore City of Taft San Joaquin Valley Clean Cities Coalition City of Lodi City of Tracy South Coast Air Quality Management District City of Madera City of Tulare Tulare CAG City of McFarland City of Turlock United States Department of Energy City of Manteca City of Visalia University of California, Davis Plug-In Hybrid & Electric Vehicle City of Merced County of San Joaquin Research Center Private Industry: Nonprofits: ECOtality Ameri-Skills General Motors EV Infrastructure Training Program Nissan California Employment Training Panel Three-Way Chevrolet Community Environmental Council Plug In America Plug-in Electric Vehicle Collaborative The participants who contributed to this report represent numerous and diverse stakeholder entities. No participant should be deemed to endorse or support all of the conclusions or recommendations contained in this report. Disclaimer This report was prepared as a result of work sponsored, paid for, in whole or in part, by a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Award to the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (APCD). The opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of APCD or the DOE. The APCD and DOE, their officers, employees, contractors, and subcontractors make no warranty, expressed or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report. The APCD and DOE have not approved or disapproved this report, nor have the APCD or DOE passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information contained herein.
  • 3. HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS The San Joaquin Valley PEV readiness assessment is EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................. 3 designed to enhance local PEV planning efforts by SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION...................................................... 5 evaluating the current state of PEV readiness and identifying potential areas of improvement as well as SECTION 2: PEV 101....................................................................... 7 tangible best practices developed throughout the San What is a PEV and are there different types? Joaquin Valley, California and abroad. This document Are there different types of charging stations? was designed for local government staff including How long does it take to charge a vehicle? planners, code officials and building inspectors. Where are public charging stations? The primary focus of this assessment is on the installation SECTION 3: PEV OWNERSHIP AND EVSE DEPLOYMENT....... 9 of PEV charging infrastructure, or electric vehicle San Joaquin Valley PEV Adoption supply equipment (EVSE). The first three sections of California PEV Deployment this document provide basic information on PEVs, an National PEV Deployment overview of the deployment of PEVs and EVSE across San Joaquin Valley PEV Owner Demographics the San Joaquin Valley and a summary of incentive San Joaquin Valley Public Charging Station Locations programs for San Joaquin Valley businesses, residents and public agencies. Subsequently, the assessment focuses SECTION 4: PEV AND EVSE INCENTIVES............................17 on the following five core actions critical to preparing Plug-in Electric Vehicle Incentives municipalities for PEVs. Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Incentives Training for Alternative Fuel Vehicles SECTION 5: ZONING AND PARKING (pp. 19–24) SECTION 5: ZONING AND PARKING.....................................19 SECTION 6: PERMITTING AND INSPECTION (pp. 25–31) Policy Gaps and Areas for Improvement Addressing Policy Gaps and Areas for Improvement SECTION 7: BUILDING CODES (pp. 33–37) Recommendations for Regional Next Steps SECTION 8: TRAINING AND EDUCATION (pp. 39–41) SECTION 6: PERMITTING AND INSPECTION....................25 SECTION 9: OUTREACH TO LOCAL BUSINESSES AND Policy Gaps and Areas for Improvement RESIDENTS (pp. 43–45) Addressing Policy Gaps and Areas for Improvement Recommendations for Regional Next Steps Each section is designed to stand on its own, allowing municipal staff to focus only on areas that are relevant SECTION 7: BUILDING CODES.................................................33 to their work. For example, agency staff involved in Policy Gaps and Areas of Improvement developing or updating municipal codes are encouraged Addressing Policy Gaps and Areas of Improvement to refer directly to Section 7: Building Codes. However, Recommendations for Regional Next Steps we encourage municipal staff in the San Joaquin Valley to SECTION 8: TRAINING AND EDUCATION...........................39 utilize all sections in this assessment. Policy Gaps and Areas for Improvement Addressing Policy Gaps and Areas of Improvement Recommendations for Regional Next Steps SECTION 9: OUTREACH TO LOCAL BUSINESSES AND RESIDENTS............................................................ 43 Policy Gaps and Areas for Improvement Addressing Policy Gaps and Areas of Improvement Recommendations for Regional Next Steps 1 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 4. 2 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 5. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction • Develop EVSE permit municipality-utility During 2012, the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control communication channel, increasing utility knowledge District (SJVAPCD) received Department of Energy (DOE) of additional electricity load of PEVs in the San Joaquin funding to prepare for the adoption of plug-in electric Valley vehicles (PEVs). This report is the project’s first phase and contains an evaluation of how prepared San Joaquin Valley Core Area #3: Updating Building Codes for EVSE jurisdictions are for PEV deployment. Deployment (pp. 33–37) • Expand understanding of building code revision This assessment concentrates on the installation of timelines and processes PEV charging infrastructure, or electric vehicle supply • Modify existing use/discretionary permitting equipment (EVSE). The first three sections provide processes to include EVSE prewiring language basic PEV information, an overview of PEV and EVSE • Adopt/update prewiring for EVSE in residential and deployment and a summary of incentive programs for San nonresidential new construction Joaquin Valley businesses, residents and public agencies. Subsequently, the focus is on five critical core areas: Core Area #4: Training and Education Programs for Municipalities and EVSE Installers (pp. 39–41) Updating zoning and parking policies • Implement at least two PEV readiness trainings for regional municipal staff Streamlining permitting and inspection processes • Leverage regional alternative fuel training funding to Updating building codes for electric vehicle implement PEV infrastructure training for EVSE installers supply equipment (EVSE) • Coordinate and expand DOE-funded safety training for Training and education programs for emergency first responders in the San Joaquin Valley municipalities and EVSE installers Core Area #5: Municipal PEV Outreach to Local Municipal PEV outreach and education programs Residents and Businesses (pp. 43–45) for local residents and businesses • Develop PEV resources page on regional municipalities and municipally owned utility websites Key PEV Readiness Recommendations • Support, coordinate and expand existing PEV For each core area, we have identified recommendations consumer education in the San Joaquin Valley based on regional and external best practices. These • Promote PEV and EVSE incentives to local governments recommendations address policy gaps and are intended • Develop and implement PEV dealer education to San to assist municipalities in becoming more PEV ready. It is Joaquin Valley car dealerships important to recognize that each recommendation builds • Create and distribute regionally focused EVSE off extensive research and interaction with municipalities installation consumer education materials throughout the region. Regional Next Steps Core Area #1: Updating Zoning and Parking Policies The second phase of this project, funded by the California (pp. 19–24) Energy Commission, will establish the San Joaquin Valley • Implement consistent general service and regulatory Plug-in Electric Vehicle Coordinating Council (SJV PEVCC). signage for PEVs throughout the San Joaquin Valley The SJV PEVCC will be comprised of representatives from • Update municipal zoning language for dedicated PEV local governments, public agencies, utilities, industry and parking based on PEV market growth the nonprofit sector. • Establish regional EVSE parking accessibility guidelines This council will leverage the recommendations listed Core Area #2: Streamlining Permitting and Inspection here to develop a comprehensive San Joaquin Valley PEV Processes (pp. 25–31) readiness plan that identifies, reduces and resolves barriers • Establish and adopt regional EVSE permitting and to the widespread deployment of private and public PEV inspection guidelines for residential EVSE installations charging stations throughout the San Joaquin Valley. • Develop express permitting for simple residential EVSE installations, waive plan check requirement for these permits 3 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 6. 4 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 7. SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION The San Joaquin Valley’s unique geography, emissions how prepared municipalities in the San Joaquin Valley are from both northern and southern California as well as air for PEV deployment focusing on the following five core pollution from regional population growth collectively elements: create significant challenges to the region’s air quality. Transportation continues to be one of the largest Updating zoning and parking policies contributors to air pollution in the San Joaquin Valley. Streamlining permitting and inspection processes With respect to smog-forming oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Updating building codes for electric vehicle nearly 60% are directly attributed to cars and trucks on supply equipment (EVSE) the road today. Data on greenhouse gas emissions in the San Joaquin Valley is not available, however in California Training and education programs for municipalities and EVSE installers approximately 40% of this pollution comes from the transportation sector. Municipal PEV outreach and education programs for local residents and businesses California Greenhouse Gas Emissions The California Center for Sustainable Energy (CCSE) has led the first phase of this project, with broad interaction with Commercial Non Specified stakeholders throughout the region. These stakeholders Agriculture & Forestry 3% 3% include the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control 6% District (SJVAPCD) and the San Joaquin Valley Clean Cities organization. Additionally, CCSE has conducted surveys Residential Transportation 6% for jurisdictions throughout the region as well as extensive 36% research regarding policies and strategies focused on expanding PEV deployment. Electricity Generation 24% Source: California Transportation in the Air Resources Board San Joaquin Valley is Industrial 21% responsible for ~60% As a result of progressive leadership from the San Joaquin of smog forming NOx. Valley Air Pollution Control district, regionwide emission It is important to note that this assessment is part of larger levels have dropped significantly since 1990. However, efforts to prepare municipalities throughout the San sharp emission reductions in the transportation sector Joaquin Valley for the deployment of PEVs. The second are essential in order for this trend to continue. While not phase of this project, funded from the CEC, was awarded the only method, the increased deployment of plug-in to the SJVAPCD and CCSE. Through this grant, SJVAPCD electric vehicles (PEV) is a key strategy to realizing reduced and CCSE will establish the San Joaquin Valley Plug-in emissions, providing a necessary pathway to improved air Electric Vehicle Coordinating Council. (SJV PEVCC). quality for all residents in the San Joaquin Valley. SJV PEVCC will be comprised of representatives from During the past year, the San Joaquin San Joaquin Valley local governments, public agencies, utilities, industry and region has received funding from the Department of the nonprofit sector. The primary focus of the group is Energy (DOE) and the California Energy Commission to develop a San Joaquin Valley PEV readiness plan that (CEC). This report is the first phase of this project, funded identifies, reduces and resolves barriers to the widespread from the DOE, and includes an assessment evaluating 5 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 8. deployment of private and public PEV charging stations, B-16-2012 that directs the state government to help in also known as electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). significantly expanding the market for zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) in California, which includes PEVs and fuel cell vehicles. This executive order established several milestones, with the ultimate target of reaching 1.5 million ZEVs in California by the year 2025.2 In addition, the governor executed Executive Order B-18-2012 that directs state agencies to “identify and pursue opportunities to provide electric vehicle charging stations, and accommodate future charging infrastructure demand, at employee parking facilities in new and existing buildings.”3 Undoubtedly, local governments will play a critical role in reaching these ambitious goals set by the president This assessment will assist SJV PEVCC in developing this and the governor. However, local governments are not regional plan, including the five core areas highlighted expected to establish policies and processes necessary above as well as the following: to meet these targets in isolation. This document was developed to assist local governments in the San Joaquin 6 Challenges to EVSE installation at multiunit Valley by giving them tools they need to become PEV dwellings (MUDs) ready. In addition, ongoing regional efforts will offer 7 Regional planning for EVSE siting more resources to help jurisdictions throughout the San Joaquin Valley continue to provide their residents and local 8 Working with utilities to manage grid impacts businesses excellent services in a time when municipal 9 Encouraging workplace charging with local budgets are tight. employers 10 Expanding EVSE installations on public agency-owned property 11 Promotion of PEVs in government fleets 12 Leveraging renewable energy in PEV charging It is also important to emphasize that these efforts are tied to larger national and state goals. On the federal level, President Obama has made it clear that the United States is dedicated to developing and deploying PEVs on a large scale. In his 2011 State of the Union address, President Obama called for putting one million electric vehicles on the road by 2015 – affirming and highlighting a goal aimed at building U.S. leadership in technologies that reduce our dependence on oil.1 The State of California is also rising up to the challenge. In March 2012, Governor Brown issued Executive Order 1 Department of Energy. “One Million Electric Vehicles by 2015: February 2011 Status Report.” Feb 2011. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/ vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/1_million_electric_vehicles_rpt.pdf 2 Executive Order B-16-2012, http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=17472 3 Executive Order B-18-2012, http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=17508 6 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 9. SECTION 2: PEV 101 What is a PEV Are there different types and are there different types? of charging stations? A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is a general term for cars Different types of chargers are available for plug-in electric that can operate, at least partially, on battery power and vehicles, which generally have a range of 60–120 miles on that are recharged from the electricity grid. There are two a single charge. Charging overnight at home should suffice main types of PEVs: battery electric vehicles and plug-in for day-to-day driving, and expanding public infrastructure hybrid electric vehicles. will provide charging on the road. • Battery electric vehicle (BEV) — Vehicles that are • Level 1 (120 volt) — PEVs come with a 120-volt entirely powered by an electric motor. These vehicles charging cord that enables PEV owners to charge their are also known as zero emission vehicles (ZEV) or all- PEV with any conventional 120-volt three-pronged electric vehicles (AEV). outlet. While it takes longer to charge, Level 1 (L1) allows PEV drivers to plug in without the installation of a dedicated charging station. electricity battery • Level 2 (240 volt) — This level of charging requires gas electric a charging station, also known as electric vehicle motor service equipment (EVSE), be purchased and installed and generally involves the installation of a dedicated circuit at either the PEV owner’s home or where a Some examples of BEVs on the market include the public charging station is installed. Currently, Level 2 Nissan LEAF, CODA, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Honda Fit EV, (L2) EVSE makes up the majority of public charging Ford Focus Electric, BMW ActiveE, smart ED and Tesla stations across California. Model S. • DC Fast Charger (480 volt) — DC fast charging • Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) — PHEVs can stations deliver the fastest EV charging rate currently plug into the grid so they can operate on electricity as available. Though relatively few are installed in well as an internal combustion engine. California, there are plans to increase significantly the number of these stations by 2015.4 electricity gasoline battery For more information on PEV charging stations currently gas engine available on the market, visit www.GoElectricDrive.com. electric motor How long does it take Some examples of PHEVs on the market include the Chevrolet Volt, Toyota Plug-in Prius and the Ford CMAX to charge a vehicle? Energi. PEV charging time depends on two primary factors, the size of the battery as well as the onboard charger. As a rule of For more information on available BEVs and PHEVs, visit the thumb, BEVs have a larger battery compared to PHEVs. The PEV Resource Center at www.driveclean.ca.gov/pev. onboard charger is located in the vehicle and determines the amount of power that can enter the vehicle from the grid. 4 http://www.torquenews.com/1075/californias-settlement-nrg-electric-car-charging-network-headed-ferc 7 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 10. The table5 below illustrates the charging time associated with the most popular BEV and PHEV on the market today, the Nissan LEAF and the Chevrolet Volt. Type of PEV Charging Power Charger Miles/Hour of Level Supply Power Charge Nissan Leaf Chevrolet Volt Level 1 1.4 kW 120 VAC ~3–4 miles ~17 hours ~9 hours (onboard charger) 3.3 kW ~8–10 miles ~7 hours ~3 hours (onboard charger) electricity Level 2 240 VAC 6.6 kW ~17–20 miles ~3.5 hours ~1.5 hours (onboard charger) Not currently electricity DC Fast 45 kW 200–450 DC ~50–60 miles ~30 minutes to 80% available Charge (off-board) on PHEVs Where are public charging stations? There is an expanding network of Level 2 and DC fast charging stations across the state and the San Joaquin Valley region. For more information on where these charging stations are located, visit the DOE Alternative Fuel Data Center at www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/ stations/. 5 Modified from a Communication Guide developed by the PEV Collaborative, http://www.driveclean.ca.gov/images/pev/charge_times_chart_lg.jpg 8 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 11. SECTION 3: PEV OWNERSHIP AND EVSE DEPLOYMENT The following section highlights PEV ownership on the Area, Los Angeles and San Diego. As of October 2012, regional, state and national level. In addition to PEV approximately 1% of PEVs in the state were located in deployment, this section provides a brief snapshot of PEV the San Joaquin Valley. While PEV regional adoption is owner demographics in the San Joaquin Valley. The final lower than other areas of the state, the trend in vehicle component of this section provides an overview of existing deployment has steadily increased since July 2012.6 It is and planned EVSE deployment throughout the region. interesting to note that there has been a significant jump between September and October 2012, in large in part due to an increase in PHEV sales.7 This trend will likely San Joaquin Valley PEV Adoption continue considering the considerable distance between cities in the San Joaquin Valley as well as the current On the regional level, the San Joaquin Valley has been limited amount of public charging infrastructure. slower to adopt PEVs than the leading markets in the Bay San Joaquin Valley PEV Adoption by Month PHEV 35 BEV 30 25 20 15 10 10/2012 9/2012 8/2012 5 7/2012 6/2012 5/2012 4/2012 3/2012 2/2012 1/2012 12/2011 11/2011 10/2011 9/2011 8/2011 0 7/2011 6/2011 5/2011 4/2011 3/2011 2/2011 1/2011 12/2010 California and Regional PEV Data Resource Updated dynamically, the online CVRP database (www.energycenter.org/cvrp) allows users to filter by utility, county and air district, as well as by vehicle and applicant type. In addition, the site offers program data for download as well as GIS maps of vehicle deployment by county. 6 Based on CVRP data and reports from auto manufacturers 7 Note that the Chevrolet Volt was not eligible for the CVRP until February 2012. To account for Volt sales, we assume that 1% of California Volt sales took place in the San Joaquin Valley region. 9 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 12. California PEV Deployment California and San Joaquin Valley PEV deployment data was obtained from the Clean Vehicle Rebate Project (CVRP) As of October 2012, approximately one-quarter of all PEVs applicant database. Not every PEV owner in California sold in the nation were purchased by California drivers. applies for a rebate through the CVRP; therefore, not This is likely due to significant incentives offered on both every PEV in the state is counted in these charts. While the state and regional level for vehicles as well as available the CVRP database does not provide the exact number of infrastructure. In addition, there is approximately an equal PEVs throughout California, it does provide one of the best share of PHEV and BEV owners throughout the state. pictures of the PEV market availableand is an important However, the trend in PHEV ownership is increasing at a resource for local government staff involved in PEV faster pace compared to BEVs. planning. California PEV Deployment by Month PHEV 1500 BEV 1200 900 600 300 10/2012 9/2012 8/2012 7/2012 6/2012 5/2012 4/2012 3/2012 2/2012 1/2012 12/2011 11/2011 10/2011 9/2011 8/2011 0 7/2011 6/2011 5/2011 4/2011 3/2011 2/2011 1/2011 12/2010 8 Sales figures sourced from HybridCars.com with additional input from EDTA member companies http://www.electricdrive.org/index.php?ht=d/ sp/i/20952/pid/20952 9 Department of Energy Alternative Fuel Data Center, http://www.afdc.energy.gov/data/tab/all/data_set/10301 10 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 13. National PEV Deployment It is important to note that HEVs and PEVs are not a direct comparison. There are no added changes to a person’s daily In less than two years, PEV deployment across the nation routine when purchasing a HEV. Consumers essentially has risen to more than 56,000 vehicles, marking a purchase a more efficient gasoline-powered vehicle. However, significant achievement in the PEV market. For example, with the decision to drive a PEV, consumers shift their fuel when hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) hit the market, it took from gasoline to electricity. Recognizing this more complex almost four years before HEV sales reached the number relationship, it is even more significant that PEVs have that PEVs have in less than two years. achieved such success in a relatively short period of time. Cumulative National PEV Deployment PHEV 60,000 BEV 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 10/2012 9/2012 8/2012 7/2012 6/2012 5/2012 4/2012 3/2012 2/2012 1/2012 12/2011 11/2011 10/2011 9/2011 8/2011 0 7/2011 6/2011 5/2011 4/2011 3/2011 2/2011 1/2011 12/2010 As the chart indicates, PHEV deployment across the Air Resources Board (ARB) and CCSE to CVRP participants nation has increased at a faster pace compared to BEV throughout California.10 In partnership with ARB, CCSE deployment. While there are many reasons for this trend, has received responses from more than 2,000 California vehicle range, charging station cost and the lack of public PEV owners. This survey is critical in achieving a greater infrastructure are likely important aspects. This underscores understanding of who these drivers are and their charging the need to expand public charging as well as streamline and driving behavior. installation processes thereby reducing the overall costs to consumers. Out of the total number of respondents, 27 are located in the San Joaquin Valley. Some of the key demographics and summary statistics of San Joaquin Valley PEV owners are San Joaquin Valley PEV Owner included on the following pages: Demographics PEV owner demographic data presented in this section comes directly from surveys conducted by the California 10 CCSE and ARB survey CVRP applicants in six-month intervals, after these drivers have owned their vehicle for at least six months or longer. This structure allows CCSE to track the change in PEV owner behavior over time as well as compare the behavior of one group of drivers (e.g., early adopters) to another (e.g., mid-adopters). To read a report on the results of the first cohort, visit www.energycenter.org/pevsurvey. 11 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 14. SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY PEV OWNER DEMOGRAPHICS Attitude towards public charging infrastructure 93 % varying levels of dissatisfaction expressed with public charging infrastructure Very Satisfied – 3% 80 % Satisfied – 3% of primary PEV Unsatisfied – 43% drivers are male Very Unsatisfied – 50% 94 % Percentage of survey respondents Level 2 who are Nissan Leaf owners Charger electricity 0 % Percentage of survey respondents who have PEV vs. conventional vehicle access to workplace charging use by activity 100% 90% 80% 70% Educational level 57 60% of respondents 50% 40% % 30% 20% 10% Vacation 0% Leisure Business travel Shopping travel 7% 7% 27% Work Personal commute errands Some Associate Bachelor’s Post college, degree degree graduate Conventional vehicle PEV no degree degree
  • 15. Average miles driven per day Household income of California 65 % 10% Up to 15 miles new car buyers PEV buyers 47% Statewide conventional vehicle buyers* 26 % 15 to 30 miles 30% 30 to 45 miles 44% 13 % 27% 19 % 10% 0 % $150,000 $100,000 or $50,000 to more Less to than $150,000 $100,000 $50,000 *Source: Gil Tal, UC Davis, Plug-in 2012 Conference, July 2012 3% reside in an apartment 93 or condominium % Statewide 62% received reside in a a free or 9 subsidized single-family Level 2 detached home % charger received a free or subsidized Level 2 charger 37 % have photovoltaic systems installed on their home Statewide 90% have a 77 % have a Level 2 Level 2 charger installed in charger installed their home in their home Importance of subsidy for decision to purchase a Level 2 charger 0 20 40 60 80 100 Somewhat Not at all
  • 16. San Joaquin Valley Regional Public Charging Station Locations LEGEND Lodi Existing EVSE Stockton Vehicles by county 3–7 Tracy 8 – 20 Modesto 21 – 25 26 – 56 57 – 62 Vehicles by zip code 0 1–2 3–5 Clovis Fresno 6 – 10 Visalia Bakersfield This map indicates the existing public charging stations In addition, the map provides the distribution of PEVs available in the San Joaquin Valley region. Charging throughout the region by county and zip code, utilizing station location data was obtained from the Department data from the CVRP. On the county level, the counties of of Energy’s Alternative Fuel Data Center11, which is one of San Joaquin, Kern and Fresno are leading PEV adoption. the most up-to-date resources available. It is clear from Taking a closer look at PEV deployment at the zip code the map that there is limited public charging available to level, we see that there are higher concentrations of PEVs PEV owners throughout the San Joaquin Valley. While San around the following eight cities: Tracy, Stockton, Lodi, Joaquin County is beginning to see a cluster of charging Modesto, Fresno, Clovis, Visalia and Bakersfield. These cities stations, the remaining counties in the San Joaquin Valley also are where we see the majority of PEV charging stations either completely lack or only have a couple charging in the San Joaquin Valley. stations available to the public. It is important to note that all of the stations identified in the map are Level 2 EVSE; In order for PEV adoption to increase, there will need to be there are no DC fast charging stations available. a more diverse and robust network of charging stations installed in the San Joaquin Valley. This will likely include an 11 Alternative Fuel Data Center www.afdc.energy.gov 14 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 17. increase in workplace and public charging as well as DC fast charging stations that are strategically located to provide interregional travel between cities in the San Joaquin Valley. While not the focus of this report, the second phase of this project will bring together the SJV PEVCC and additional stakeholders throughout the region to develop a more thorough regional charge port infrastructure plan. This plan will identify location quantity and investment required to install necessary infrastructure beginning in 2014, including a map of proposed infrastructure sites and a timeline for infrastructure deployment. 15 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 18. 16 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 19. SECTION 4: PEV AND EVSE INCENTIVES The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District Plug-in Electric Vehicle Incentives: (SJVAPCD) offers incentives toward the purchase of PEVs and PEV infrastructure to San Joaquin Valley public Public Benefit Grant Program — Up to $100,000 in agencies, businesses and residents. In many cases the Funding for Public Agencies incentives offered through the SJVAPCD can be combined The Public Benefit Grant Program is specifically designed with existing state programs to provide even more savings. for tax-exempt institutions that are unable to take A short description of each of these programs as well as the advantage of available tax credits. There is a maximum combined value of San Joaquin Valley and state incentives of $20,000 per vehicle with a cap of $100,000 per agency is included below, when available. per year for new alternative fueled vehicle purchases (e.g., electric, hybrid, CNG, LNG, LPG). Funding is provided on a For more information on any of the incentive first-come, first-served basis as long as funding is available. programs listed here visit www.valleyair.org Applications are available online, and applications must be submitted before a new vehicle is purchased. Or contact the Air District directly by phone: (559) 230-5800 or by email: weberip@valleyair.org Example of State and San Joaquin Valley Combined Incentives for a BEV (e.g., Nissan LEAF) $2,500 + $20,000 = $22,500 Clean Vehicle Rebate Public Benefit vehicle incentive for San Joaquin Valley public agencies Project incentive REMOVE II — Up to $3,000 in Funding and businesses of the SJVAPCD. The program is open on for Local Businesses and Residents an ongoing basis, and funding is provided on a first-come, first-served basis as long as funding is available. Rebates The Drive Clean! Rebate Program provides rebates for the under this program range from $2,000 for a PHEV to $3,000 purchase of eligible new, clean-air vehicles for residents for a BEV. Applications are available online. Example of State and San Joaquin Valley Combined Incentives for a BEV (e.g., Nissan LEAF) $2,500 + $3,000 = $5,500 Clean Vehicle DriveClean! vehicle incentive for San Joaquin Valley residents and local businesses Rebate Project incentive 12 To be eligible public agencies, businesses and residents must reside in the following eight counties: San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, Fresno, Kings, Tulare and the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin portion of Kern 13 This includes counties, special districts (i.e., water districts, irrigation districts, etc.) and public educational institutions (i.e., school districts, community colleges, state universities, etc.) 17 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 20. Hybrid Voucher Incentive Program — Up to $60,000 in early market introduction of clean, low-carbon hybrid and Funding for Fleet Operators electric trucks and buses. The HVIP base vouchers range from $8,000 to $45,000 on a first-come, first-served basis for The California Hybrid and Zero-Emission Truck and Bus the purchase of each eligible new hybrid or electric truck Voucher Incentive Project (HVIP) is a program created by or bus. In addition, fleets in the San Joaquin Valley that can the California Air Resources Board (ARB) to help speed the add up to $30,000 more per voucher. Example of State and San Joaquin Valley Combined Incentives for an Electric Truck (e.g. Smith Electric Newton) $40,000 + $20,000 = $60,000 HVIP SJV Plus Up for San Joaquin Valley businesses, public agencies and fleet operators Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Training for Alternative Fuel Vehicles Incentives While still under development, incentives for fueling Alternative Fuel Vehicle Mechanic Training Component infrastructure will be available in 2013. This program provides incentives and subsidies for the education of personnel on the mechanics, operation safety Drive Clean! Rebate Program — Residential and maintenance of alternative fuel vehicles, equipment Infrastructure structures, refueling stations and tools involved in the implementation of alternative fuel emission reducing This component of the existing Drive Clean! Program will technologies. This component is open on an ongoing basis, provide rebates for the purchase and installation of eligible and funding is provided first-come, first-served as long Level 2 EVSE residential charging stations. When this as funding is available. Applications are available online. program becomes available, it will be open on an ongoing Agencies can receive a maximum of $15,000 per fiscal year. basis with funding provided on a first-come, first-served basis as long as funding is available. Rebate applications will be available online with an estimated rebate amount of up to $1,000, although this may change. Drive Clean! Rebate Program – Public Infrastructure This component of the Drive Clean! Program is still being developed, but when available it will provide incentives for the purchase and installation of public PEV charging stations. When this component opens, it will be open on an ongoing basis with funding provided on a first-come, first- served basis as long as funding is available. Applications will be available online, and applicants will need to execute a contract with the district prior to construction. The estimated incentive amount is up to 50% of the cost of the unit and installation, although this may change. 18 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 21. SECTION 5: ZONING AND PARKING This section focuses on zoning and parking ordinances counties that were included in the survey. Despite the low and policies and their relationship to the installation of participation rate, based on the results on this section, we residential and public PEV charging infrastructure in the have identified that most of the agencies in the region San Joaquin Valley. The first part identifies potential gaps have not considered zoning and parking policies for and areas for improvement in local zoning and parking EVSE. In fact, only 5% of cities responding to the survey policies for EVSE from the results of the San Joaquin Valley have looked at EVSE requirements of other agencies to PEV readiness survey. The second part provides a summary determine what zoning and parking requirements are best of the actions taken to date regarding addressing signage for their jurisdiction. The table below highlights the results. and parking guidelines for PEVs in the San Joaquin Valley. Participating Jurisdictions in the San Joaquin Valley: Clovis, The final part provides concise recommendations for Coalinga, Tracy, Merced, Fresno, Tulare, Bakersfield, zoning and parking polices in the region based on lessons Kingsburg, Orange Cove, Arvin, McFarland, Madera, learned since the project’s inception. Modesto, Newman, Taft, Visalia, Lodi and Manteca Note: The City of Clovis and Merced had two individuals Policy Gaps and Areas for provide separate responses for their jurisdiction, each was Improvement: Zoning and Parking credited. This information is based on surveys conducted in 2012, some cities may have begun working on PEV Eighteen jurisdictions in the San Joaquin Valley region readiness since the survey was implemented but this will completed the zoning and parking section of the PEV not be reflected in the section below. readiness survey. This is only 31% of the 64 cities and Assessing Zoning and Parking Requirements for EVSE and PEVs Percent* Agency Assessment 0% Agency has already adopted requirements for EVSE that we feel would be a best practice example for the state of California 0% Agency is in the process of adopting requirements for EVSE Agency is looking at other agencies’ requirements for EVSE to determine what is best for their 5% jurisdiction (Merced) Agency requires further information to determine requirements for EVSE (Clovis, Orange Cove, 25% Madera, Manteca) Agency has only started to consider how to adapt requirements for EVSE (Tracy, Fresno, Arvin, 15% Visalia) Agency has not started to look at how to adapt requirements for EVSE (Coalinga, Tulare, 55% Bakersfield, Merced, Kingsburg, McFarland, Modesto, Newman, Taft, Lodi) *All percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number; as a result, the total percentage may not equal 100% 19 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 22. Lack of Staff Resources Throughout the Region if mandated by the state. Otherwise, staff will make no changes to the municipal code. The City of Newman is also From personal phone calls conducted while administering short staffed, as it currently employs only one individual the survey, it was clear that the lack of staff resources was to run the planning department. As mentioned previously, a significant barrier for the majority of regional agencies. the distribution of zoning and parking best practices is In some cases, the planning department consists of only critical to spur EVSE deployment in the region. one person. This makes any update to a city’s municipal code a daunting task. The City of Madera, for example, Again, while none of the jurisdictions responding to acknowledged that it was in the process of updating the survey have developed unique zoning and parking zoning ordinances to include EVSE but needed more ordinances for EVSE installations, jurisdictions such as the information to determine how to properly incorporate City of Tracy reported that if their planning agency was EVSE. Furthermore, the City of Madera had only one staff in the process of adopting revised zoning and parking person responsible for updating their municipal code. ordinances for EVSE, staff anticipated it would take up to Despite this, the planner indicated that a draft of the six months for adopting new ordinances. In addition, the updated municipal code is on schedule to be completed cities of Merced, Modesto, McFarland and Manteca by the end of 2012, with a public hearing process in spring would likely take six to eight months to amend their zoning 2013 and possibly adoption of EVSE zoning and parking ordinance. Times for other cities, such as Newman, Taft policies in summer 2013. Subsequently, CCSE shared with and Lodi, are slightly shorter with ordinance adoption Madera staff a set of recognized best practices that regional taking anywhere from a few months to four to six months. governments in California and Canada have adopted to On the other hand, the cities of Coalinga and Tulare promote PEV infrastructure. These best practices include expect a year for any revised ordinances that include EVSE building code requirements and zoning and parking zoning and parking regulations to be included. It should ordinances for PEV infrastructure. be noted that the City of Coalinga reported that it had used consultants to develop general zoning and parking In support of this practice, a significant majority of ordinances for EVSE. jurisdictions (85%) said that it would be helpful to have other best practice zoning and parking ordinances available for reference; however, only 30% would be willing Addressing Policy Gaps to share best practice documents with regional partners, if they felt their zoning and parking requirements were and Areas for Improvement identified as a best practice example in the state. While addressing EVSE zoning and parking policies in the San Joaquin Valley is a significant issue, there has been only Majority of Local Agencies Have Not Developed one jurisdiction working on developing internal policies. or Modified Existing Ordinances for EVSE The following section describes the City of Tracy’s work A significant majority (80%) of cities in the San Joaquin to address parking guidelines at PEV charging stations. Valley have not developed or modified existing ordinances Additionally, this section describes the regional adoption of for the incorporation of EVSE into their municipal code. CALGreen Building Codes and the statewide effort to create The lack of staff resources is one reason, but survey more consistent PEV signage. respondents also indicated they have not experienced the public demand to justify the use of resources to incorporate specific EVSE policies. The City of Modesto, for Local Sustainability Action Plan: The City of Tracy example, has not considered adopting zoning and parking The City of Tracy Sustainability Action Plan, published in policies because of the lack of public demand for PEV February 2011, includes an analysis of sustainability targets, infrastructure in the city. The City of Newman, on the other specific measures and a summary of expected benefits.14 hand, indicated that they are reactive to state policies and In the transportation and land use sustainability measures, would adopt new zoning and parking EVSE requirements the plan calls for the “increased use of low-carbon fueled 14 The City of Tracy Sustainability Plan, 2011, www.ci.tracy.ca.us/documents/Sustainability_Action_Plan.pdf 20 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 23. vehicles” to support low-carbon fueled vehicles policies, of PEV vehicle purchases in the region does not justify which inherently stimulate the adoption of PEVs and PEV the use of public funds for PEV infrastructure. Further, the infrastructure. city indicated that the implementation of specific EVSE zoning and parking policies into the city’s municipal code is Transportation and Land Use Measure: Increased Use of unlikely with limited staff resources. Low-Carbon Fueled Vehicles15 Conduct the following to promote the use of low-carbon EVSE Signage fueled vehicles: While not a regional effort, it is important to recognize work • Amend the zoning ordinance or city standards to on the state level to develop more consistent signage for require new projects to provide parking spaces PEVs. The California Department of Transportation, Sonoma reserved for hybrid or electric vehicles (EVs), carpool County Department of General Services and the California or car share vehicles. PEV Collaborative have developed a proposal to add five • Require dedicated parking spots for alternative fuel, signs, one plaque and an optional pavement marking to hybrid, carpool, or car share vehicles in city parking the 2012 edition of the California Manual on Uniform Traffic lots and consider installing charging connections. Control Devices (CA MUTCD). This effort is tied directly to Governor Brown’s Zero Emission Vehicle Executive Order, • Encourage the use of hybrid and electric which has a goal of reaching 1.5 million PEVs and fuel cell construction equipment and the use of alternative vehicles by 2025. fuels for construction equipment. These signs are categorized into regulatory and general service signs. Examples of the new signs are included. Parking Guidelines Some jurisdictions are in the process of adopting CALGreen Regulatory Signs Building Code requirements that designate 10% of parking be set aside for all alternative fuel and low-emission vehicles in public spaces. However, none of the jurisdictions in the PEV Tow-Away Symbol: This sign indicates that San Joaquin Valley has adopted the voluntary measures for vehicles will be towed if not utilizing the available EVSE included in CALGreen that specifically recommend charging station (per CVC 21511). This sign will prewiring for EVSE in residential and nonresidential new include the tow-away symbol with the following buildings. The 2010 California Green Building Standards language “UNAUTHORIZED VEHICLES NOT Code (CALGreen) became effective on January 1, 2011. CONNECTED FOR ELECTRIC CHARGING PURPOSES WILL BE TOWED AWAY AT THE OWNER’S EXPENSE . . .” The City of Merced, for instance, has adopted the 10% with red text on a white background and be 24” x 24”. parking set aside, but has yet to complete any public EVSE installations. On the other hand, the city has recently purchased 22 hybrid vehicles and has multiple city- owned compressed natural gas (CNG) trucks for garbage UNAUTHORIZED VEHICLES NOT CONNECTED FOR ELECTRIC collection. This highlights that regional communities CHARGING PURPOSES WILL BE TOWED AWAY are taking measures to become more sustainable in AT THE OWNER’S EXPENSE the transportation sector, however, more education on TOWED VEHICLES MAY BE RECLAIMED AT the benefits of fleet conversion to PEVs (e.g., financial (Insert Address) incentives and economics) and the installation of EVSE OR BY TELEPHONING (Insert Telephone Number) are needed. The city has identified that the low volume 15 The EV parking recommendation also calls for other sustainable transportation measures such as encouraging employers to create vanpool or shuttle programs for employees and converting the municipal automotive fleet to cleaner fuels and lower emissions. All low-emission vehicle recommendations are located in T-17: Increased Use of Low Carbon Fueled Vehicles, pp. 5-13. 21 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 24. No Parking Symbol: This sign indicates no parking General Directional Signs unless for charging a PEV. This will include the following language “EXCEPT FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING” with red text on a white background and Electric Vehicle Charging Station Symbol and be 12” x 18”. Word Message Signs: These signs will assist in directing PEV drivers to charging stations from the P freeway, local streets and at charging locations. The sign includes the EV charging station symbol (shown) or the following text “ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATION” with white text on blue background. Sign sizes should be 30” x 30” for freeway or major arterial EXCEPT FOR highway application, 24” x 24” for local streets, and 18” ELECTRIC x 18” off-street parking application. VEHICLE CHARGING ELECTRIC Permissive Charging Symbol: This sign indicates the VEHICLE time that charging will be available and will include the following language “[Electric Vehicle] __ HOUR CHARGING CHARGING - __AM TO __PM” with green text on a STATION white background and be 12” x 18”. # HOUR FAST Electric Vehicle Charging Station: This plaque indicates the charging station is capable of a charge in CHARGING less than one hour (faster charge compared to a Level 2 station). The sign will include the language “FAST” 7AM 6 PM in white text on a blue background and be 24” x 6” or TO 30” x 8”. This plaque is for use only with the Electric Vehicle Charging station symbol and word message. FAST 22 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE
  • 25. Optional EV charging Pavement Marking: This Recommendations pavement marking will indicate a parking space is for for Regional Next Steps EV charging only for on- and off-street electric vehicle charging station stalls. The pavement marking will Based on the feedback from the PEV readiness survey, include the following language “EV CHARGING ONLY” we have identified that zoning and parking policies for in white text. EVSE are practically nonexistent in the San Joaquin Valley. Jurisdictions across the region have expressed interest in receiving information on how other agencies have developed these policies. While a few agencies have begun to address some of these issues, there are additional areas where clear guidance is needed. Through the lessons learned in the San Joaquin Valley and a review of national and state best practices, we have identified four recommendations. The first three are focused on consistent signage, designated parking for PEVs and parking accessibility guidelines. The fourth recommendation is more of a strategy that utilizes the San Joaquin Valley Plug-in Electric Vehicle Coordinating Council to review and prioritize national and state best practices and identify how these will be implemented in the region. Note that a complete list of best practices reviewed in preparation of this plan is included in the zoning and parking section of the Appendix. Consistent General Service and Regulatory Signage Recommendation: Collectively adopt across the San Joaquin Valley region the general service and regulatory PEV signage recommended by the California Department of Transportation, the California Plug-in Electric Vehicle Collaborative and the County of Sonoma amendments to the 2012 edition of the California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Benefits: Standardizing signs for PEV parking across the San Joaquin Valley will decrease costs, create uniformity. This signage was based on signage currently endorsed by the state and the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Aligning regional signage policy with state and federal efforts allows for more consistent signage and less confusion for PEV drivers. 23 REGIONAL PEV READINESS PLAN — PHASE ONE