2. What It Was Mass genocide by the government of the Ottoman Empire targeting the Armenian people Genocide: organized killing of any religious, ethnic, or political group of people with the aim of complete or partial extermination/destruction General acts: expropriation (all of Armenian wealth), abduction and torture (largely women and children), starvation and dehydration (forced to march to Syria through the desert), deportation, massacre
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4. Dates Conventional starting date: April 14th, 1915 Lasted from 1914—1918, largely during World War I Period of calm after the war, then continuation of horrible acts during 1920—1923 1915—international community condemns the Armenian Genocide as a crime against humanity (33 years before UN Genocide Convention created)
5. Responsible Parties Committee of Union and Progress (CUP)—leading political party of the Ottoman Empire, also known as the Young Turks Three controlling figures: MehmetTalaat—Minister of the Interior (1915), Prime Minister (1917) Ismail Enver—Minister of War Ahmed Jemal—Minister of the Marine and Military Governor of Syria Special Organization (convicts and irregular troops, responsible for carrying out massacres) BehaeddinShakir—leader
6. Responsible Parties (continued) Ideologists Zia Gokalp—promotion of Pan-Turanism (creation of new empire from Anatolia to into Central Asia with a Turkic-only population) A look at the atrocities committed by the Special Organization
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8. Human Costs 1 ½ million perished 2 million lived in the Ottoman Empire before WWI 1+ million deported in 1915 Hundreds of thousands butchered outright Others died of starvation, exhaustion, and diseases that ravaged concentration camps Torture and death was rampant
10. Witnesses Photograph restrictions existed but there were still tons of tourists Mostly diplomatic representatives and missionaries from the US; they were the first to get the word to the outside community Germans (on important military assignments in the Ottoman Empire since they were allies with them in the World War) Russians (Russian Army occupied Anatolia) Syrians (deportees were sent there in terrible condition)
11. International Reaction It was highly condemned, but no strong action was taken Strong public outcry in US; Allies demanded reprimand for the CUP leaders after their victory in the war Political cartoon criticizing the lack of action