Passive Voice is the sentence which its subject is gotten a work or its verb has prefix “di/ter”.

1. PASSIVE VOICE
CREATED BY ASRI HIDAYATI

2. PASSIVE VOICE

Passive Voice is the sentence which its subject
is gotten a work or its verb has prefix “di/ter”.

Kalimat Pasif adalah :
Kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan
atau kata kerjanya berawalan “di/ter”.

3. PASSIVE VOICE
Subjeknya tidak dikenai pekerjaan
Active
:
I
write a book.
Passive
:
Book
is written by me.
Subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan

4. Cara-cara membuat Passive Voice:
1. The sentence must have a transitive verb
 Transitive verb adalah kata kerja yang memerlukan
objek.
 Jika tidak ada objek, maka harus ada kata tanya yang
menanyakan objek.
2. Object (Active) becomes Subject (Passive)
 Obyek dalam kalimat aktif menjadi subjek dalam
kalimat pasif
 Perhatikan pemakaian auxiliary/ to be nya.

5. Cara-cara membuat Passive Voice:
3. Subject (Active) becomes by Object (Passive)
 Subjek menjadi objek yang didahului oleh by.
 Perhatikan perubahan subjek ke objek.
B.indonesia
Aktif
Pasif
Subjek
Saya
Nasi
Predikat
makan
dimakan
Objek
nasi
oleh saya
Note : Dalam bahasa indonesia subyek menjadi obyek dalam pasif tidak berubah
English
Active
Pasif
Subject
I
Rice
Verb
Eat
is eaten
Object
rice
by me
Note : Dalam bahasa Inggris subyek menjadi obyek dalam pasif berubah

6. Cara-cara membuat Passive Voice:
Subject
Pronoun
Object
Pronoun
I
You
We
Us
They
Her
He
Him
It
It
Verb
Eat
is eaten
Object
rice
by us
English
Active
Passive
Subject
She
Rice
Verb
Eat
is eaten
Object
rice
by her
Them
She
Subject
We
Rice
Me
You
English
Active
Passive
Note :
Perhatikanlah cara perubahan subject pronoun ke dalam object
pronoun dalam kalimat pasif

7. Cara-cara membuat Passive Voice:
4. It uses to be + V3
 Kalimat pasif selalu menggunakan V3
 Sebelum V3 meletakkan aux/to be
 Apabila berbentuk pertanyaan maka subjek diletakkan
setelah aux/to be yang pertama

8. Cara-cara membuat Passive Voice:
5. The other rules depend on each sentence
 Peraturan-peraturan yang lain tergantung dari kalimatnya
Example :
a) Active : He cries everyday
Tidak bisa dipasifkan karena intransitive verb.

9. Cara-cara membuat Passive Voice:
Example :
b) Active :
I
Subject
Passive : Apple
Subject
eat
Verb
is eaten
to be + V3
an apple
Object
by me
by + Object
Active : They eat three apples
Passive : Three apples are eaten by them
Note :
Perlu dilihat subjeknya,
jika subjeknya plural maka to be nya plural juga

10. Cara-cara membuat Passive Voice:
Subject
Verb
Object
Active
Budi
repairs
his car
Passive
His car
is repaired
by Budi
Active
Budi
is repairing
his car
Passive
His car
is being repaired
by Budi
Note :
Untuk mengubah dari kalimat aktif ke pasif perlu diperhatikan bentuk tensesnya

11. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Tenses
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Simple Future
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Simple Past Future
Past Future Continuous
Past Future Perfect
Past Future Perfect Continuous
Active
V1 atau V1+s/es
Is/am/are Ving
Have/has V3
Have/has been Ving
V2
Was/were Ving
Had V3
Had been Ving
Will/shall V1
Will/shall be Ving
Will/shall have V3
Will/shall have been Ving
Would V1
Would be Ving
Would have V3
Would have been Ving
Passive
Is/am/are V3
Is/am/are being V3
Have/has been V3
Rarely
Was/were V3
Was/were being V3
Had been V3
Rarely
Will/shall be V3
Rarely
Will/shall have been V3
Rarely
Would be V3
Rarely
Would have been V3
Rarely
Note :
Tidak semuanya kalimat aktif pada 16 tenses diubah ke kalimat passive

12. FORMULA
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S + V1 (s/es) + O
(+) S + am/is/are + V3 + by O
(-) S + do/does+ not + V1 + O
(-) S + am/is/are + not + V3 + by O
(?) Do/does + S + V1 + O
(?) Am/is/are + S + V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We eat rice
(+) Rice is eaten by us
(-) We don’t eat rice
(-) Rice is not eaten by us
(?) Do we eat rice?
(?) Is rice eaten by us?

13. FORMULA
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Subject
Verb
Object
Active
Budi
visits
Yuni
Passive
Yuni
is visited
by Budi
Active
I
invite
Him
Passive
He
is invited
by me

14. FORMULA
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S + am/is/are +Ving + O
(+) S + am/is/are + being + V3 + by O
(-) S + am/is/are +not+Ving + O
(-) S + am/is/are + not+being + V3 + by O
(?) Am/is/are + S + Ving + O
(?) Am/is/are + S + being + V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We are eating rice
(+) Rice is being eaten by us
(-) We are not eating rice
(-) Rice is not being eaten by us
(?) Are we eating rice?
(?) Is rice being eaten by us?

15. FORMULA
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Subject
Verb
Object
Active
Budi
is waiting for
Yuni
Passive
Yuni
is being waited for
by Budi
Active
She
is washing
a car
Passive
Car
is being washed
by her

16. FORMULA
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S + have/has +V3 + O
(+) S + have/has + been + V3 + by O
(-) S + have/has +not+V3 + O
(-) S + have/has + not+been + V3 + by O
(?) Have/has + S + V3 + O
(?) Have/has + S + been + V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We have eaten rice
(+) Rice has been eaten by us
(-) We have not eaten rice
(-) Rice has not been eaten by us
(?) Have we eaten rice?
(?) Has rice been eaten by us?

17. FORMULA
4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S +have/has+ been +Ving + O
(+) S+have/has + been +being + V3 + by O
(-) S+have/has+not+been +Ving+ O (-) S+have/has +not+been+being+V3 +by O
(?) Have/has + S + been +Ving + O
(?) Have/has + S + been +being+ V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We have been eating rice
(+) Rice has been being eaten by us
(-) We have not been eating rice
(-) Rice has not been being eaten by us
(?) Have we been eating rice?
(?) Has rice been being eaten by us?

18. FORMULA
5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S +V2 + O
(+) S + was/were + V3 + by O
(-) S + did +not+V1 + O
(-) S + was/were + not + V3 + by O
(?) Did + S + V1 + O
(?) Have/has + S + been + V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We ate rice
(+) Rice was eaten by us
(-) We did not eat rice
(-) Rice was not eaten by us
(?) Did we eat rice?
(?) Was rice eaten by us?

19. FORMULA
6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S +was /were + Ving + O
(+) S + was/were + being + V3 + by O
(-) S +was /were + not+ Ving + O
(-) S + was/were + not + being +V3 + by O
(?) Was/were + S + Ving + O
(?) Was/were + S + being + V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We were eating rice
(+) Rice was being eaten by us
(-) We were not eating rice
(-) Rice was not being eaten by us
(?) Were we eating rice?
(?) Was rice being eaten by us?

20. FORMULA
7. PAST PERFECT TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S + had+V3 + O
(+) S + had + been + V3 + by O
(-) S + had +not+V3 + O
(-) S + had + not+been + V3 + by O
(?) Had + S + V3 + O
(?) Had + S + been + V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We had eaten rice
(+) Rice had been eaten by us
(-) We had not eaten rice
(-) Rice had not been eaten by us
(?) Had we eaten rice?
(?) Had rice been eaten by us?

21. FORMULA
8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S + had+ been +Ving + O
(+) S + had + been +being + V3 + by O
(-) S + had +not+ been +Ving + O
(-) S + had + not+been +being+ V3 + by O
(?) Had + S + been +Ving + O
(?) Had + S + been +being+ V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We had been eating rice
(+) Rice had been being eaten by us
(-) We had not been eating rice
(-) Rice had not been being eaten by us
(?) Had we been eating rice?
(?) Had rice been being eaten by us?

22. FORMULA
9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S + will/shall + V1 + O
(+) S + will/shall + be + V3 + by O
(-) S + will/shall+ not + V1 + O
(-) S + will/shall +not+ be+ V3 + by O
(?) Will/shall + S + V1 + O
(?) Will/shall + S + be V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We will eat rice
(+) Rice will be eaten by us
(-) We will not eat rice
(-) Rice will not be eaten by us
(?) Will we eat rice?
(?) Will rice be eaten by us?

23. FORMULA
10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S + will/shall + be +Ving + O
(+) S + will/shall + be + being +V3 + by O
(-) S +will/shall+ not +be+Ving + O (-) S+will/shall +not+be+being +V3 +by O
(?) Will/shall + S + be+ving + O
(?) Will/shall + S + be + being +V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We will be eating rice
(+) Rice will be being eaten by us
(-) We will not be eating rice
(-) Rice will not be being eaten by us
(?) Will we be eating rice?
(?) Will rice be being eaten by us?

24. FORMULA
11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S + will/shall + have +V3 + O
(+) S + will/shall + have+ been +V3 + by O
(-) S +will/shall+ not +have+V3 + O
(-) S+will/shall +not+have+been+V3 +by O
(?) Will/shall + S + have+been+ O
(?) Will/shall + S + have +been+V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We will have eaten rice
(+) Rice will have been eaten by us
(-) We will not have eaten rice
(-) Rice will not have been eaten by us
(?) Will we have eaten rice?
(?) Will rice have been eaten by us?

25. FORMULA
12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S + will/shall + have +been+Ving + O
(+) S + will/shall + have+ been +being+V3 + by O
(-) S +will/shall+ not +have+been+ving+ O
(-) S+will/shall +not+have+been+being+V3 +by O
(?) Will/shall + S + have+been+Ving+ O
(?) Will/shall + S + have +been+being+V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We will have been eating rice
(+) Rice will have been being eaten by us
(-) We will not have been eating rice
(-) Rice will not have been being eaten by us
(?) Will we have been eating rice?
(?) Will rice have been being eaten by us?

26. FORMULA
13. SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S + would/should + V1 + O
(+) S + would/should + be + V3 + by O
(-) S + would/should+ not + V1 + O
(-) S + would/should +not+ be+ V3 + by O
(?) would/should + S + V1 + O
(?) would/should + S + be V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We would eat rice
(+) Rice would be eaten by us
(-) We would not eat rice
(-) Rice would not be eaten by us
(?) Would we eat rice?
(?) Would rice be eaten by us?

27. FORMULA
15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) S + would/should + have +V3 + O
(+) S + would/should+ have+ been +V3 + by O
(-) S +would/should+ not +have+V3 + O
(-) S+would/should+not+have+been+V3 +by O
(?) would/should + S + have+been+ O
(?) Would/should + S + have +been+V3 + by O
EXAMPLE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
(+) We would have eaten rice
(+) Rice would have been eaten by us
(-) We would not have eaten rice
(-) Rice would not have been eaten by us
(?) Would we have eaten rice?
(?) Would rice have been eaten by us?

28. FORMULA
MODAL IN PASSIVE VOICE
MODAL (M) / SIMILAR MODAL (SM) / MIXED MODAL (MM)
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
S + M /SM /MM + V-1 + O
We can eat rice
S + M /SM /MM + be + V-3 + by O
(M)
We are able to eat rice
Rice can be eaten by us
(SM)
We must be able to eat rice
(MM)
(M)
Rice is able to be eaten rice by us
(SM)
Rice must be able to be eaten rice by us (MM)
Active
We can’t solve this problem
Active
Kita tidak dapat memecahkan masalah ini
Passive
This problem can’t be solved by us
Passive
Masalah ini tidak dapat dipecahkan oleh kita

29. The usage of “by agent/doer”
a. Rice is grown in Indonesia
b. Our house was built in 1685
c. This foil was imported from China
Usually the passive is used we got a “by agent/doer”.
The passive is most frequently used when it is not
known or not important to know exactly who
performs an actions
d. Someone struck me last night
e. I was stricken last night
f. People visit her everyday
g. She is visited everday
If the subject in active voice is someone, people,
everyone, the passive voice will not use “by
agent/doer” as like in (e) and (g)

30. The usage of “by agent/doer”
h. The laws of tenses was written by
Hadi S
i. Your book will be taken by my aunt
The “by agent/doer” is included only if it is
important to know who performs the action. In (h),
by Hadi S is important information.
j.
k.
l.
If the speaker or writer knows who performs the
actions, usually the active is used. The passive may
be used with the “by agent/doer” instead of the
active when the speaker or writer wants to focus
attention on the subject of a sentence.
My uncle made this chair
This chair was made by my uncle
That chair was made by my father

31. The usage of “by agent/doer”
m.
n.
o.
p.
Smoke filled this room
This room was filled with smoke
Paint covered the lock
The lock was covered with paint
The passive voice of (n) and (p) do not use by but
with because we are dealing herewith materials
used, not with the “agent/doer”
q. She was killed by him with a knife last By is used before “agent/doer” and with is used
Saturday night
before a tool.

32.  Slamet, Hadi, UNDANG-UNDANG TENSES (UUT 2003), BEC, Pare, Kediri, East Java, 2003.
 Slamet, Hadi, Grammar and Structure 2 BEC, Pare, Kediri, East Java, 2004.