10 Testing libraries any Java developer should know

10 Testing libraries
any Java developer should know
Alex Soto 
Red Hat Engineer 
@alexsotob

@alexsotob2
Alex Soto
Red Hat Engineer
www.lordofthejars.com
@alexsotob
Who Am I?

@alexsotob3
https://www.manning.com/books/testing-java-microservices

@alexsotob
JUnit Test
@Test
public void should_find_composer_by_name() {
// Given:
Composers composers = new Composers();
// When:
final Composer mozart = composers.findComposerByName("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart");
// Then:
assertEquals("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", mozart.getName());
assertEquals(Era.CLASSICAL, mozart.getEra());
assertEquals(LocalDate.of(1756, 1, 27), mozart.getBirthdate());
assertEquals(LocalDate.of(1791, 12, 5), mozart.getDied());
}
6
Readable name
BDD style
AssertEquals Order
Depends On Equals

@alexsotob
AssertJ Test
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@Test
// Given:
// When:
final Composer mozart = composers.findComposerByName("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart”);
// Then:
assertThat(mozart.getName()).isEqualTo("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart”);
assertThat(mozart).returns("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", Composer::getName);
assertThat(mozart.getBirthdate()).isEqualTo(LocalDate.of(1756, 1, 27));
assertThat(mozart).isEqualToComparingFieldByField(expectedMozart);
assertThat(mozart).isEqualToIgnoringNullFields(expectedMozart);
}
8
Static Import
Readable Assertions
Not Depending on
Equals

@alexsotob
AssertJ Test Collections
@Test
public void should_find_operas_by_composer_name() {
// Given:
// When:
final List<Opera> operas = composers.findOperasByComposerName("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart");
// Then:
assertThat(operas)
.hasSize(2)
.extracting(Opera::getName)
.containsExactlyInAnyOrder("Die Zauberflöte", "Don Giovanni”);
}
9
Train Call (IDE
support) Create List with
getName Result
Methods for String

@alexsotob
AssertJ Soft Assertions
@Test
public void should_find_composer_by_name_soft_assertions() {
// Given:
// When:
final Composer mozart = composers.findComposerByName("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart");
// Then:
SoftAssertions.assertSoftly(softly -> {
softly.assertThat(mozart.getName()).isEqualTo("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart");
softly.assertThat(mozart.getEra()).isEqualTo(Era.CLASSICAL);
softly.assertThat(mozart.getBirthdate()).isEqualTo(LocalDate.of(1756, 1, 27));
softly.assertThat(mozart.getDied()).isEqualTo(LocalDate.of(1791, 12, 5));
});
}
10
Java 8 Lambda
All assertions in Block

@alexsotob
Try/Catch
@Test
public void should_throw_exception_if_composer_not_found() {
// Given:
// When:
try {
final Composer salieri = composers.findComposerByName("Antonio Salieri");
fail();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// Then:
assertEquals("Composer Antonio Salieri is not found", e.getMessage());
}
}
12
Fails if Success

@alexsotob
JUnit
@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
public void should_throw_exception_if_composer_not_found_version_2() {
// Given:
// When:
final Composer salieri = composers.findComposerByName("Antonio Salieri");
}
13
Special Attribute

@alexsotob
AssertJ Exceptions
@Test
public void should_throw_exception_if_composer_not_found_version_3() {
// Given:
// When:
Throwable thrown = catchThrowable(() -> composers.findComposerByName("Antonio Salieri"));
// Then:
assertThat(thrown).isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)
.withFailMessage("Composer Antonio Salieri is not found”);
}
14
Catch Exception of Lambda
Assertion Methods for
Exceptions

@alexsotob16
Benefits of AssertJ
> IDE Friendly
Ctrl + Space works
> Assertions Generation
ComposerAssert.assertThat(mozart).hasName(“Mozart”).hasBirthdate(LocalDate.of(..);
> Out-of-the-Box Assertions
Guava, Joda, DB, Neo4j and Swing

@alexsotob17
Don’t Sleep, Just Wait

@alexsotob
Asynchronous Call
@Test
public void should_play_operas() throws InterruptedException {
// Given:
final Opera nozzeDiFigaro = ...;
Gramophone gramophone = new Gramophone();
// When:
gramophone.play(nozzeDiFigaro);
// Then:
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
assertThat(gramophone.getCurrentOpera()).isEqualTo(nozzeDiFigaro);
}
18
Asynchronous Call
Slowest Machine Time

@alexsotob
Awaitility Example
@Test
public void should_play_operas_version_2() {
// Given:
final Opera nozzeDiFigaro = Composers.OperaFactory
.createOpera("Le Nozze di Figaro")
.language(Language.ITALIAN).librettist("Lorenzo Da Ponte")
.roles("Count Almaviva", "Countess Rosina", "Susanna", "Figaro")
.build();
Gramophone gramophone = new Gramophone();
// When:
gramophone.play(nozzeDiFigaro);
// Then:
await().atMost(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS).until(gramophone::isPlaying);
assertThat(gramophone.getCurrentOpera()).isEqualTo(nozzeDiFigaro);
}
20
Asynchronous Call
Polls until True or Timeout

@alexsotob22
Benefits of Awaitility
> Deadlock Detection
> Different Pollings
Fixed, Fibonacci, Iterative, Custom
> Simple Library
No dependencies, No magic

@alexsotob
GET /Ludwig+van+Beethoven
{
"name": "Ludwig van Beethoven",
"era": "ROMANTIC",
"birthdate": {},
"died": {},
"operas": [
{
"name": "Fidelio",
"librettist": "Georg Friedrich Treitschke",
"language": "GERMAN",
"roles": ["Rocco", "Leonore", "Florestan"]
}
]
}
24
Simple Objects
Array of Objects

@alexsotob
HttpClient Example
@Test
public void should_find_composer() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
// Given:
URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder("http://localhost:8080/");
uriBuilder.setPath("Ludwig van Beethoven");
// When:
final Content bodyContent = Request.Get(uriBuilder.build())
.execute().returnContent();
String body = bodyContent.asString();
// Then:
assertThat(body).contains(""name":"Ludwig van Beethoven"")
.contains(""librettist":"Georg Friedrich Treitschke"");
}
25
Prepare Connection
Do connection
Get content
Manipulate String

@alexsotob
WebDriver Example
// Given:
WebDriver browser = new FirefoxDriver();
URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder("http://localhost:8080/");
uriBuilder.setPath("Ludwig van Beethoven");
// When:
browser.navigate().to(uriBuilder.build());
// Then:
assertThat(browser.getPageSource()).contains(""name":"Ludwig van Beethoven"");
26

@alexsotob
REST-assured Example
@Test
public void should_find_composer() {
given()
.when()
.get("{composer}", "Ludwig van Beethoven")
.then()
.assertThat()
.body("name", is("Ludwig van Beethoven"))
.body("operas.size()", is(1))
.body("operas.name", hasItems("Fidelio"));
}
28
GET Http Method with
Placeholders
GPath Expression

@alexsotob
REST-assured Example
@Test
public void should_insert_composer() {
Composer composer = ....;
given()
.param("parameter1", "parameterValue")
.body(composer)
.when()
.post()
.then()
.assertThat()
.statusCode(201);
}
29
Create POJO object
Set Params
Set POJO as Body
POST Http Method
Assertion on Status Code

@alexsotob
REST-assured Request Logging
given().log().all(). .. // Log all request specification details
given().log().params(). .. // Log only the parameters of the request
given().log().body(). .. // Log only the request body
given().log().headers(). .. // Log only the request headers
given().log().cookies(). .. // Log only the request cookies
given().log().method(). .. // Log only the request method
given().log().path(). .. // Log only the request path
30

@alexsotob
REST-assured Response Logging
get("/x").then().log().ifError()
get("/x").then().log().all()
given().log().ifValidationFails()
get("/x").then().log().ifStatusCodeIsEqualTo(302)
given().config(RestAssured.config()
.logConfig(logConfig().enableLoggingOfRequestAndResponseIfValidationFails())
)
31

@alexsotob
REST-assured Request Speciﬁcation
.get("http://example.com/{composer}", "Ludwig van Beethoven")
RequestSpecBuilder builder = new RequestSpecBuilder();
builder.setBaseUri("http://example.com");
given().spec(builder.build())...
32
Use domain directly
Use Spec Builder
Reuse Everywhere

@alexsotob
REST-assured Auth
given().auth().oauth2(accessToken).when()...
given().auth().form("John", "Doe", springSecurity().withCsrfFieldName("_csrf")).when()...
given().auth().basic("username", "password").when()...
33

@alexsotob35
More Features of Rest-Assured
> Custom Parsers
Not just JSON and XML
> SSL Support
.relaxedHTTPSValidation()
> Filters
Input/Output modiﬁcation
> JSON Schema Validation
Content not Important

@alexsotob36
Service Virtualization

@alexsotob
Service Virtualization Capture Mode
37
Service A External Network Service B
Scripts
Proxy

@alexsotob
Service Virtualization Simulate Mode
38
Service A External Network Service B
Scripts
Proxy

@alexsotob
Hoverﬂy Example
@ClassRule
public static HoverflyRule hoverflyRule =
HoverflyRule.inCaptureOrSimulationMode("getcomposers.json");
@Test
public void should_get_composers_from_composers_microservice() {
// Given:
ComposersGateway composersGateway = new ComposersGateway("operas.com", 8081);
// When:
Composer composer = composersGateway.getComposer("Ludwig van Beethoven");
// Then:
assertThat(composer.getName()).isEqualTo("Ludwig van Beethoven");
}
40
Start Hoverﬂy
Use Real Host
Get Data from Real
{
"data" : {
"pairs" : [{
"request" : {
"path" : "/Ludwig van Beethoven",
"method" : "GET",
"destination" : “operas.com:8081",
...
}
"response" : {
"status" : 200,
"body" : "{"name":"Ludwig van Beethoven",}",
"encodedBody" : false,
"headers" : {
"Connection" : [ "keep-alive" ],
...
}
}
}
}
Get Data from Proxy

@alexsotob
Hoverﬂy Example Simulate
private static String RESPONSE = "[n"
+ " {n"
+ " "name": "Moon",n"
+ " "villain": "Gru",n"
+ " "wiki": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon"n"
+ " }
+ "]";
@ClassRule
public static HoverflyRule hoverflyRule =
HoverflyRule.inSimulationMode(dsl(
service("crimesdb:8080")
.get("/crimes/Gru")
.willReturn(success(RESPONSE, "application/json"))
41
Hardcoded response
Starts in simulate
Host
Program interactions

@alexsotob42
Benefits of Service Virtualization and Hoverfly
> Do not relay on network
Yet testing all stack trace
> Hoverﬂy multilanguage
Can be used as standalone proxy
> Hoverﬂy JVM
Integration with JVM proxy settings

@alexsotob44
Consumer
request
response Stub Server
expectations
Provider
request
response
Result
Deﬁne Consumer Expectations Verify Expectations On Provider

@alexsotob45
@RunWith(Arquillian.class)
public class CrimesConsumerContractTest {
@StubServer URL pactServer;
@Pact(provider = "crimes", consumer = "villains")
public RequestResponsePact returnListOfCrimes(PactDslWithProvider builder) {
return builder
.uponReceiving("Gru villain to get all Crimes")
.path("/crimes/Gru")
.method("GET")
.willRespondWith()
.status(200)
.body(RESPONSE)
.toPact();
}
@Test
@PactVerification("crimes")
public void should_get_list_of_crimes_by_villain() {
CrimesGateway crimesGateway = new CrimesGateway(webClient, pactServer);
final Single<JsonArray> gruCrimes = crimesGateway.getCrimesByVillainName("Gru");
}
Stub/proxy Server URL
Deﬁnes service interaction
Provides predeﬁned Req/Res
Executes real requests
Consumer side

@alexsotob46
@Provider("crimes")
@ContractsFolder("~/crimescontract")
public class CrimesContractTest {
@ArquillianResource
Target target;
@Test
public void should_validate_contract() {
assertThat(target).withUrl(getCrimesServer()).satisfiesContract();
}
}
Provider under validation
Location of contracts
Http Client
Asserts All Interactions are correct
Provider side

@alexsotob48
Benefits of CDC and Pact
> Pact Foundation
Pact speciﬁcation v3
> Integration with several languages
JVM, Ruby, Python, Go, .Net, Swift, JS
> Pact Broker
Sharing contracts, API documentation, Overview of services
> Arquillian Algeron
Arquillian ecosystem + Pact, Publishers/Retrievers, JBoss Forge
> Consumer Driven Contracts
Fail fast
Independent deployments
Improve communication

@alexsotob49
Containers Are Burning

@alexsotob
Testing Containers
docker build -t myorg/myservice:1.0.0 .
docker run --rm -ti -p 8080:8080 myorg/myservice:1.0.0
docker-compose up
mvn clean test
docker-compose stop
50
Docker Run
Docker Compose Run
Run tests
Stop Docker Containers

@alexsotob
Arquillian Cube Example
public class HelloWorldTest {
@ArquillianResource
@DockerUrl(containerName = "helloworld", exposedPort = 8080)
RequestSpecBuilder requestSpecBuilder;
@Test
public void should_receive_ok_message() {
RestAssured
.given()
.spec(requestSpecBuilder.build())
.when()
.get()
.then()
.assertThat().body("status", equalTo("OK"));
}
}
52
Arquillian Runner
REST-Assured Integration
Environment Resolver
Normal REST-Assured Call
helloworld:
image: jonmorehouse/ping-pong
ports:
- "8080:8080"
src/test/docker/docker-compose.yml

@alexsotob
Arquillian Cube DSL
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = PingPongController.class, webEnvironment = RANDOM_PORT)
@ContextConfiguration(initializers = PingPongSpringBootTest.Initializer.class)
public class PingPongSpringBootTest {
@ClassRule
public static ContainerDslRule redis = new ContainerDslRule("redis:3.2.6")
.withPortBinding(6379);
@Autowired
TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
@Test
public void should_get_data_from_redis() {
}
53
Spring Boot Test
Custom Initializer
Container Deﬁnition
public static class Initializer implements
ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> {
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext) {
EnvironmentTestUtils.addEnvironment("testcontainers",
configurableApplicationContext.getEnvironment(),
"spring.redis.host=" + redis.getIpAddress(),
"spring.redis.port=" + redis.getBindPort(6379)
);
Sets Container Environment

@alexsotob
Arquillian Kube
public class HelloWorldTest {
@ArquillianResource
KubernetesClient client;
@Named(“hello-world-service")
@PortForward
@ArquillianResource
URL url;
@Test
public void testRunningPodStaysUp() throws Exception {
assertThat(client).deployments().pods().isPodReadyForPeriod();
}
}
55
Kubernetes Client
URL to Access Service
AssertJ Custom Assertions

@alexsotob56
Persistence Tests

@alexsotob
First attempt
@Test
// Given:
clearDatabase(jdbcUri);
insertComposersData(jdbcUri);
ComposersRepository composersRepository = new ComposersRepository();
// When:
Composer mozart = composersRepository.findComposerByName("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart");
// Then:
assertThat(mozart).returns("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", Composer::getName);
}
57
Prepare Database
Execute Query

@alexsotob
APE SQL example
@Rule
public ArquillianPersistenceRule arquillianPersistenceRule =
new ArquillianPersistenceRule();
@DbUnit
@ArquillianResource
RdbmsPopulator rdbmsPopulator;
@Before
public void populateData() {
// Given:
rdbmsPopulator.forUri(jdbcUri).withDriver(Driver.class).withUsername("sa")
.withPassword("").usingDataSet("composers.yml")
.execute();
}
59
APE JUnit Rule
(not necessary with
Arquillian Runner)
Set DBUnit usage
Conﬁgure Connection and Dataset
Populate
composers:
- id: 1
name: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
birthdate: 27/1/1756
died: 5/12/1791

@alexsotob
APE SQL example
@After
public void clean_database() {
// Given:
rdbmsPopulator.forUri(jdbcUri).withDriver(Driver.class).withUsername("sa")
.withPassword("").usingDataSet("composers.yml")
.clean();
}
60
Clean After Test
Clean Database

@alexsotob62
Benefits of Arquillian APE
> Boilerplate Code
> Programmatic/Declarative
@UsingDataSet/@ShouldMatchDataSet
> SQL Support
DBUnit and Flyway
> RESTAPI Support
Postman Collections
> NoSQL Support
MongoDB, Couchbase, CouchDB, Vault, Redis, Inﬁnispan

@alexsotob
Arquillian Drone
65

@alexsotob
Arquillian Drone example
public class LoginScreenTest {
@Drone
private WebDriver browser;
@Test
public void should_login_user() {
driver.get("www.mypage.com/login");
driver.findElement(By.id("loginForm:login")).click();
}
}
66
Arquillian Runner
Injection of WebDriver instance

@alexsotob
Arquillian Graphene
67

@alexsotob
Arquillian Graphene Page Object example
@Location("login.xhtml")
public class HomePage {
@Page
private UserPage userPage;
@FindBy(id = "submit")
private WebElement submitButton;
@FindBy(id = "form")
private LoginPopup loginPopup;
// methods
}
68
Location of the page
Another Page Object
Find web element by id
Page fragment

@alexsotob
Arquillian Graphene example
public class LoginTest {
@Drone
WebDriver webDriver;
@Test
public void should_create_a_new_speaker(@InitialPage HomePage homePage) {
homePage.login("username", "pasword");
}
}
69
Open given page
Use Page Object method

@alexsotob70
Docker and Selenium

@alexsotob72
Benefits of Graphene
> Reduces Conﬁguration Code
> Page Object pattern
With extra features like AJAX-enabled, fragments, JQuery expressions
> Docker integration
Multiple versions, multiple browsers, recording

@alexsotob73
Speeding Test Execution

@alexsotob74
Production Sources Tests
https://martinfowler.com/articles/rise-test-impact-analysis.html

@alexsotob
Smart Testing Maven Extension
curl -sSL https://git.io/v5jy6 | bash
75
Installs extension
mvn clean test -Dsmart.testing="new, changed, affected"
Runs only new, changed and prod related tests
mvn clean test -Dsmart.testing.mode=ordering -Dsmart.testing="new, changed, affected”
Prioritize new, changed and prod related tests

@alexsotob77
More about Smart Testing
> Heuristics
new, changed, affected, failed and categorized
> Range of Commits
Define where you want to look at
> Configuration
System Properties or YAML file (global or per module)
> Jenkins Pipeline Shared Library
Integrate with your CI/CD pipeline
> Detection of none class changes
@WatchFile("src/main/resources/META-INF/
> Surefire based
Works with any kind of test that can be run in Surefire

https://developers.redhat.com/
@alexsotob
asotobue@redhat.com

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