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Give me a lever long enough and a place to stand &,[object Object], I will move the entire earth.                                     -Archimedes,[object Object],Presented by:,[object Object],Ashutosh Mishra,[object Object]
Leverage,[object Object],The amount of debt used to finance a firm's assets. ,[object Object],A firm with significantly more debt than equity is considered to be highly leveraged.,[object Object],Debt is that which is owed; usually referencing assets owed, but the term can cover other obligations.,[object Object],The difference between the market value of a property & the claims held against it .,[object Object],Equity,[object Object]
Financial Leverage,[object Object],Financial leverage is the degree to which a business is utilizing borrowed money rather then equity to fund it’s operations.,[object Object],It reflects the amount of debt used in the capital structure of the firm.,[object Object],Return on assets (ROA),[object Object],Return on equity (ROE) ,[object Object],Earnings before interest and taxes(EBIT),[object Object],Earnings per share(EPS),[object Object]
Leverage allows greater potential returns to the investor than otherwise would have been available but the potential for loss is also greater because if the investment becomes worthless, the loan principal and all accrued interest on the loan still need to be repaid.,[object Object]
Consider the rate of interest paid as fulcrum used in applying forces through leverage.,[object Object],Then we can arrive at following conclusions:,[object Object],[object Object]
Less the chance of loss, less the amount borrowed, the lower will be the profit or loss.Degree of financial leverage is defined as % change in EPS that results from given % change in EBIT.,[object Object],The calculation is likewise:,[object Object],FinLev =(%change in EPS):(%change in EBIT),[object Object]
Measures of Financial Leverage,[object Object],Debt-to-equity ratio = D/E,[object Object],Debt ratio = D/(D+E)=D/V,[object Object],Interest Coverage = EBIT/Interest,[object Object],Leverage analysis of L & T Ltd.,[object Object],It is a multi-product company in pvt. sector.,[object Object],Gross sales of company = Rs.8078.46cr,[object Object],Net profit for year ending 31-mar-02 = Rs.346.80cr,[object Object]
* Data is Rs. In Crores,[object Object],Debt-equity ratio = 1324.31/2696.22=0.49,[object Object],Debt-to- capital ratio = 1324.31/(2696.22+1324.31)=0.33,[object Object],Interest coverage = 1088.78/92.09=11.82,[object Object],Degree of financial leverage = 1.09 (moderate),[object Object]
Formulae:,[object Object],EPS=profit after tax or net income/no. of shares,[object Object],ROE=profit after tax/value of equity,[object Object],Use of the Du Pont Identity requires that leverage be measured in terms of total assets divided by shareholders' equity, and this is sometimes referred to as gearing or simply leverage:,[object Object],Leverage (gearing) = A / E ,[object Object]
Real Time Data for Indian Companies (‘04),[object Object]
Levels of financial leverage,[object Object],There are 4 positions which show a relationship with the level of financial leverage. First, is the relation of equity and debt, for instance, the rate of capital. Second is the influences on business production and cycle of financial leverage. Thirdly the company's industry and branch whole financial leverage level. And also the correlation between the current financial leverage ratio of the company and the middle leverage level. Lastly, the conformity of company's mission and philosophy with the situation connected to the relation of financial leverage.,[object Object]
Financial Leverage:complete concept
[object Object]
Future risk of company isn’t determined.

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Financial Leverage:complete concept

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  • 14. Future risk of company isn’t determined.
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