DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
In sar 1-1-2011
1. Ashraf Mohamed Rateb Researcher Assistant (Geophysist) N ational A uthority for R emote S ensing and S pace S ciences (NARSS) [email_address] A Satellites (InSAR):- Contributions to Solid Earth Geophysics
4. A possible vision of Space Technology Future fusions in Solid Earth Science
5. 2.0. SAR Interferometry Interferogram of Chile earthquake 2010 Massonnet et al. (1993) Interferogram of landers earthquake 1992
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7. Figure 1.3SAR Interferometry principles 3.3. Theory The differential interferometric phase is a sum of several components Topo topographic phase Mov movement Atm atmosphere Noise noise of instruments S P P’ M
8. 3.4.Satellite InSAR ~ Conditions for Measuring Motion ~ To measure motion, the following must apply: • The time delay must be appropriate to the scale of motion to be measured (i.e., the motion must obey the Nyquist sampling theorem), and • The motion must have enough spatial cohesiveness that the coherence is high enough. • Plus one of the three conditions needed to remove the topographic component of the phase: • The baseline must be small enough that the topography component can be neglected. • An accurate DEM must be used to remove the topographic component, or Three passes must be used to remove the topographic component
22. Figure 1: Major seismic zones of Egypt (Abou Elenean 1997). Figure 2.5 Spatial distributions of earthquakes epicenters in the Gulf of Aqaba (1970-2003) (USGS, NRIAG AND IGI Catalogs) (Rateb.M.A., 2010)
23. Figure 2.6 A. The frequency of the recorded earthquake events through the time period 1970-2009.note the swarms of 1983, 1990, 1993, 1995,2003 and 2008. (USGS, NRIAG AND IGI Catalogs) (Rateb.M.A., 2010) Figure 2.1 General map of the study area (1)Landsat TM of the study area (2) bathematery of the Gulf of Aqaba with main active faults (3) Location of 1995 main shock
24. Figure 5.1. Co-seismic interferogram of frame 585 for the period 29/03/95–29/11/95. Each fringe cycle corresponds to 26.8mm satellite-to-ground line of sight displacement (Rateb.M.A., 2010) A B Figure 5.3. The displacement map of the co-seismic period (-8 months + 1 week) ( Rateb.M.A., 2010) Conventional InSAR (Rateb.M.A., 2010)
25. 29/11/95-03/04/97 B Figure 5.6. Post-seismic interferograms (B) for the period (29/11/95-03/14/97) (Rateb.M.A., 2010) Figure 5.7. Post-seismic interferograms for the period (29/11/95-29/01/2000). ( Rateb.M.A., 2010)
26. Figure 4. Frame 585 unwrapped interferog rams showing temporal resolution that is unavailable in the 2-frame interferog rams. (a) Coseismic + 1 week. (b) Early post-seismic for the period 1995 November 30–1996 May 22. Black rectangle marks the area shown in Figs 5 and 6. (c) Post-seismic for the period 1995 November 30–1997 April 3. (d) Post-seismic for the period 1996 May 22–1997 April 3.(After Baer et al ., 2008)
27. Figure 3.6. Mean LOS surface displacement in the 1993-2000 period, superimposed on the average amplitude image of greater Cairo (After .,2006) PSI Technique( Aly., 2006 )
28. Fig. 4: Comparison of common subsidence areas for ERS, ENVISAT and ALOS studies. Red polygons delimit the affected zones. Only the area marked as “B” presents a subsidence behavior in ERS and ENVISAT maps, but it is stable in ALOS study CR technique (Altamire ., 2010)
29. Fig. 39: Envisat InSAR SPN processing (90.152 points) showing the total ground deformation during the period of 25/07/2003 to 20/11/2009 (yellow and red: subsidence , green: stable points and blue: uplifted points)
30. Fig. 83: ENVISAT InSAR result showing the ground subsidence and soil uplift in urban and rural area of Alexandria (Egypt) (Altamira Production, 2010)