Cohesion general overview

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Parallelism Paraphrase Recurrence Partial recurrence

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Personal reference Demonstrative reference Comparative reference

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Personal reference Demonstrative reference Comparative reference Personal pronouns Possesive pronouns Possesive determiners

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Personal reference Demonstrative reference Comparative reference participant circumstance this that these those here there now then

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Personal reference Demonstrative reference Comparative reference Comparison that is simply in terms of likeness and unlikeness: two things may be the same, similar or different e.g. same, likewise, other, more, better …

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Personal reference Demonstrative reference Comparative reference Is the referent inside the text? Is the referent outside the text?

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Personal reference Demonstrative reference Comparative reference Is the referent inside the text? Is the referent outside the text? Exophoric ref

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Personal reference Demonstrative reference Comparative reference Is the referent inside the text? Is the referent outside the text? Exophoric ref Eg. “That must have cost a lot of money”

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Personal reference Demonstrative reference Comparative reference Is the referent inside the text? Is the referent outside the text? Endophoric ref Exophoric ref Anaphoric ref Cataphoric ref

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Personal reference Demonstrative reference Comparative reference Is the referent inside the text? Is the referent outside the text? Endophoric ref Exophoric ref Anaphoric ref Cataphoric ref The data show is repared. That must have cost a lot of money

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Personal reference Demonstrative reference Comparative reference Is the referent inside the text? Is the referent outside the text? Endophoric ref Exophoric ref Anaphoric ref Cataphoric ref The data show is repared. That must have cost a lot of money He who hesitates is lost

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nominal substitution Verbal substitution Clausal substitution

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nominal substitution Verbal substitution Clausal substitution I’ve heard some strange stories in my time. But this one was perhaps the strangest one of all

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nominal substitution Verbal substitution Clausal substitution John is smoking more now than he used to do

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nominal substitution Verbal substitution Clausal substitution Is there going to be an earthquake? –It says so

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nominal ellipsis Verbal ellipsis Clausal ellipsis Four other oysters followed them, and yet another four

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nominal ellipsis Verbal ellipsis Clausal ellipsis Have you been swimming? Yes, I have

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nominal ellipsis Verbal ellipsis Clausal ellipsis What were they doing? Holding hands

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Additive Adversative Causal Temporal

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Additive Adversative Causal Temporal ’ to be able to see nobody! And at that distance, too!’

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Additive Adversative Causal Temporal ’ All the figures were correct; they’d been checked. Yet the total came out wrong’

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Additive Adversative Causal Temporal ’ you aren’t leaving, are you? Because I’ve got something to say to you’

TYPES OF COHESION (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Additive Adversative Causal Temporal The weather cleared just as the party approached the summit. Until then they had seen nothing of the panorama around them

Cohesion general overview

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Cohesion general overview