3.SANITATION VS VACCINATION - Nutrition, Sleep, Vitamin A/D, Breast-feeding and Preventing Infectious Diseases

SANITATION VS VACCINATION
Researched by: Antonio Bernard

Nutrition & Infectious
Diseases
“The important role
of nutritional deficiency as a
contributor to childhood mortality
particularly from infectious
disease, as a conditioning factor
in the complex mosaic of many
diseases, and as a hurdle to
socioeconomic advancement,
is widely recognized. ”
-— “Nutrition, Immunity, and Infection. Mechanisms of
Interactions. Authors: Chandra, R. K., Newberne, pages. 1-2

Diseases
“Improvements in nutrition,
together with better hygiene and
immunization,Improvements in
nutrition, together with better
hygiene and immunization, can take
most of the credit for decreasing
death rate from infectious disease
and for the longer expectation of life
in industrialized countries. ”

Diseases
“This change in the
mortality pattern came before
the development of antibiotics
and modern medical
techniques. ”

Diseases
“Clinicians have long observed
that undernutrition predisposes the
host to the risk of acquired infection
and that the course, frequency of
complications, severity, and mortality
of the infectious illness are
augmented. It is likely that this is
the result, in part, of impaired
immunocompetence secondary to
nutritional deficiency. ”

Diseases
“Infection in turn frequently
worsens the nutritional status,
often precipitating overt
symptoms and signs, and
causes immunosuppression.
A variety of complex pathogenetic
mechanisms probably underlie
these multi cornered interaction”

Diseases
“ In most industrialized
countries, economic affluence,
availability of food in sufficient
amounts, immunizations, and
improvement in sanitation have
led to the decline of malnutrition
as well as infectious illnesses.”

Diseases
“ In the economically less
privileged nations, however, the
opportunities for combined mutually
aggravating effects of undernutrition
and infection continue to prevail
and to pose a threat to the health
of the majority of their popUlations,
most particularly young children
under 5 years of age.”

Nutrition & Public
Health
“ Nutrition and immunity
have been linked to each other
for centuries. In the last decade,
systematic studies have confirmed
that nutrient deficiencies can alter
the immune response and lead to
a higher incidence of infections
resulting in increased mortality,
especially in children. ”
-— “Handbook of Nutrition and Immunity”, by
ME Gershwin, P Nestel, and CL Keen, pages. 2

Nutrition & Public
Health
“ The interactions
between nutrition and the
immune system have clinical,
practical, and public health
importance.”
-— “Handbook of Nutrition and Immunity”, by
ME Gershwin, P Nestel, and CL Keen, pages. 2

PLANT-BASED
NUTRITION
“Grains, fruits, nuts, and
vegetables constitute the diet
chosen for us by our Creator. These
foods, prepared in as simple and
natural a manner as possible, are the
most healthful and nourishing. They
impart a strength, a power of
endurance, and a vigor of intellect,
that are not afforded by a more
complex and stimulating diet.”
-page 363

PLANT-BASED
NUTRITION
“In grains, fruit, vegetables, and
nuts are to be found all the food
elements that we need. If we will
come to the Lord in simplicity of
mind, He will teach us how to
prepare wholesome food free from
the taint of flesh meat.”
-page 363

PLANT-BASED
NUTRITION
“Those who eat flesh are but
eating grains and vegetables at
second hand; for the animal receives
from these things the nutrition that
produces growth. The life that was in
the grains and vegetables passes into
the eater. We receive it by eating the
flesh of the animal. How much better
to get it direct, by eating the food that
God provided for our use!”
-page 313

Nutrition & Infection
“It is difficult to believe that
as recently as the 1950s the
relationship between nutrition and
infection was unrecognized
except for limited references to
tuberculosis. With only minor
exceptions, the textbooks on
nutrition made no reference to
infection, and those on infectious
disease were similarly lacking
mention of nutrition.”
-— “Nutrition, Immunity and Infection” ,Prakash Shetty, page xi

Nutrition & Infection
“The relationship first
received attention as a result of
the recognition in the 1950s that
kwashiorkor, then common in
almost all developing countries,
was precipitated by infections in
young children whose diets were
already inadequate.”
-— “Nutrition, Immunity and Infection” ,Prakash Shetty, page xi

Vitamin A
“Vitamin A and its
metabolites (retinoic acid) are
able to contribute to a variety of
immune responses such as
antibody production; cytokine
production; lymphocyte
proliferative responses; T-cell
effector functions; tumoricidal
activation of macrophages, NK
cells, and T cells; and mucosal
immunity.”
-— Maryam Mahmoudi , Nima Rezaei ,”Nutrition and Immunity”, page 6

Vitamin A
“Vitamin A is believed to be the
major anti-infective vitamin. Its
deiciency – which is supposed to
be a serious immunodeiciency
condition – breaks down resistance
against infectious diseases that
would bring high mortality and
morbidity. Moreover, maternal
vitamin A deficiency is known to
predispose to a higher mother-to-
child transmission of HIV-1.”

Vitamin A
“Supplementation with
vitamin A is a cost-effective
technique to promote immune
system functioning in response to
vaccines (tetanus and diphtheria
toxoids and measles) and
infections.”

Measles
“Measles is a viral infection
that is responsible for high
mortality among children in
developing countries, and is also
an important infective episode that
precipitates severe undernutrition
in children. This infection has a
profound effect on the child’s
appetite and food intake is
depressed for several weeks.”
-— “Nutrition, Immunity and Infection” ,Prakash Shetty, page 66

Measles
“The high fever and the
accompanying lesions in the
buccal mucosa contribute to the
severe loss of appetite. In some
societies, this is compounded by
the belief that withholding of food
is necessary during a period of
acute illness.”

Measles
“There is also damage to the
mucosa of the small intestine, and
if a secondary infection occurs
during a measles episode, this
could further damage the
intestinal mucosa.”

Measles & Vitamin A
“Measles is often associated
with vitamin A deficiency in
children. Infective episodes,
particularly of severe infections like
measles, affect the vitamin A status
of the child. The general metabolic
response to infection results in a
reduction in plasma retinol, while
urinary excretion of the metabolites
of vitamin A is increased.”

Measles & Vitamin A
“There is a decrease in synthesis
of retinol-binding protein (RBP) – the
carrier protein for retinol – by the
liver, and a temporary reduction in
vitamin A absorption may also occur.
The damage that the measles virus
inflicts on epithelial surfaces such as
the conjunctiva and other mucosal
surfaces increases the requirement
for vitamin A to help in the repair of
these tissues.”

Measles & Vitamin A
“Thus, measles infection not
only predisposes to general
undernutrition, but can also
specifically precipitate vitamin A
deficiency. This explains why a
combination of measles and
vitamin A deficiency is the
commonest cause of blindness in
children in parts of Africa.”

RESULTS: “Cost effectiveness ratios clustered in three groups,
with fortiﬁcation with zinc or vitamin A as the most cost-effective
intervention, and provision of supplementary food and counselling on
nutrition as the least cost effective. Between these were oral rehydration
therapy, case management of pneumonia, vitamin A or zinc
supplementation, and measles immunisation.”

CONCLUSIONS: “On the grounds of cost effectiveness,
micronutrients and measles immunisation should be provided
routinely to all children, in addition to oral rehydration therapy
and case management of pneumonia for those who are sick. The
challenge of malnutrition is not well addressed by existing
interventions.”

“Taking into account only the mortality impact of
vitamin A, EOS saved 20,200 lives and averted 230,000
DALYs of children 6-59 months.” DALY stands for
Disability Adjusted Life Year, a measure of the number of
years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death.

A 2011 study published in the prestigious British Medical Journal
titled, Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and
blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-
analysis, found Vitamin A to be a low-cost and effective way to improve
health outcomes in children in low and middle income countries,
especially where access to quality nutrition is limited.

This study was a meta-analysis of other studies and
included 43 trials, with about 215,633 children aged 56 months
to 5 years of age.Incredibly, this study found that vitamin A
supplementation could reduce the incidence of measles
infection by 50% and the death rate from measles by 20%.

Implications for policy: “Vitamin A deﬁciency is a common
condition that contributes to illness, blindness, and death; supplements
can reduce these problems for children aged under 5 in low and middle
income countries. National and regional supplementation programmes
could be among the world’s most cost effective public health
interventions.”

“ If the risk of death for 190 million children deﬁcient in
vitamin A were reduced by 24%, estimates from 2008 suggest
that over 600,000 lives could be saved each year and 20 million
disability adjusted life years would be gained.”

Discussion: “Comparable with previous reviews, this review shows
that vitamin A supplementation is associated with large and important
reductions in mortality for children in low and middle income countries. This
adds substantively to previous reviews in providing a plausible pathway and
indicating that vitamin A supplementation reduces the incidence of and
mortality from diarrhoea and measles.”

Conclusions: “Vitamin A supplementation is associated with
large reductions in mortality, morbidity, and vision problems in a range
of settings, and these results cannot be explained by bias. Further
placebo controlled trials of vitamin A supplementation in children
between 6 and 59 months of age are not required.”

“However, there is a need for further studies comparing
different doses and delivery mechanisms (for example,
fortiﬁcation). Until other sources are available, vitamin A
supplements should be given to all children at risk of deﬁciency,
particularly in low and middle income countries.”

“Vitamin A supplements should be delivered to children 6–59
months of age twice yearly, during health system contacts. This
should be marked on the child health card, or integrated into other
public health programmes aimed at improving child survival, such as
polio or measles national immunization days, or biannual child health
days delivering a package of interventions such as deworming,
distribution of insecticide-treated mosquito nets and immunizations.”

“Mumps virus (MuV) is a highly infectious paramyxovirus closely
related to measles virus (MeV). ...These results demonstrate that retinoids
inhibit MuV replication in uninfected bystander cells through a retinoid
inducible gene I (RIG-I), retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and IFN dependent
manner making them refractory to subsequent rounds of viral replication.
These observations raise the possibility that pharmacological doses of
retinoids might have clinical beneﬁt in MuV infection.”

“In the last 2 decades, many studies have documented the
beneﬁcial effects of vitamin A supplements on general mortality and/or
morbidity in young children in a wide range of developing countries. In
2000, a meta-analysis of eight studies demonstrated an overall 30%
reduction in infant mortality attributable to vitamin A supplements. A
surprising spin-off from these vitamin A supplementation studies was
the re-discovery that vitamin A ‘treatment’ can signiﬁcantly decrease the
morbidity and mortality associated with acute MeV infection. ”

“The short series of cases presented is too small to draw any
statistical conclusions, but one fact stands out. Ascorbic acid has a
deﬁnite effect in shortening the period of paroxysms from a matter of
weeks to a matter of days. We have not checked by cough plates or
otherwise in this preliminary work to see whether the infectivity subsides
simultaneously with the spasmodic symptoms, but are continuing with a
larger series of cases in which these and other tests will be employed.”

Breastfeeding
and Preventing
Disease

Breastfeeding &
Diseases
“Vaccination at its core is
neither a safe nor an effective
method of disease prevention...
If an infant needs one vaccine
that is 100% safe and effective
—that would be breast milk.’
—Dr. Tetyana Obukhanych, PhD,
immunologist, Harvard graduate
opposite to that of Pasteur’s.

“Lack of breastfeeding—and especially lack of exclusively
breastfeeding during the ﬁrst half-year of life—are important risk
factors for infant and childhood morbidity and mortality.”

“The greatest and most obvious beneﬁts of breastfeeding
are for the immediate health and survival of the infant. Rates of
diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, otitis media, and other
infections, as well as deaths due to these diseases, are all lower
in breastfed than in non-breastfed infants.”

“ During the ﬁrst six months, the rates are lower for exclusively
breastfed than for partially breastfed infants. These beneﬁts, resulting
from stronger immunity and reduced exposure to infectious agents, are
greatest in younger infants and where hygiene and sanitation are poor.”

“ However, the research described here also suggests that
these health and survival beneﬁts extend beyond infancy and to
well-off Western populations.”

“ Compared with infants who were breast-fed with no milk
supplements, and after adjusting for confounding variables,
those completely weaned had 14.2 and 3.6 times the risk of death
from diarrhea and respiratory infections, respectively. Cow's and
formula milk seemed to be equally hazardous.”

“Breastfed infants in the United States have lower rates of
morbidity, especially from infectious disease.”

“55% of infant deaths from diarrheal disease and acute
respiratory infections in Latin America are preventable by exclusive
breast feeding among infants aged 0-3 months and partial breast
feeding throughout the remainder of infancy.”

“Among infants aged 0-3 months, 66% of deaths from these
causes are preventable by exclusive breast feeding. Promotion of
breast feeding has an important role in increasing survival of
infants. Exclusive breast feeding of infants aged 0-3 months and
partial breast feeding for the remainder of the ﬁrst year would
prevent about 52 000 infant deaths a year in Latin America.”

“Exclusive breastfeeding until the age of 4 months and
partially thereafter was associated with a signiﬁcant reduction of
respiratory and gastrointestinal morbidity in infants. Our ﬁndings
support health-policy strategies to promote exclusive
breastfeeding for at least 4 months, but preferably 6 months, in
industrialized countries.”

“In the United States, breastfeeding durations fall far short of
these guidelines.5 In 2005, 74.2% of US infants were breastfed at least
once after delivery, but only 31.5% were exclusively breastfed at age 3
months, and just 11.9% were exclusively breastfed at age 6 months”

“More than 80 percent of U.S. mothers breastfeed their
newborns, a new survey ﬁnds, but fewer than a third keep doing so for
the recommended minimum of one year, a new survey ﬁnds.”

“Many studies support breastfeeding for as long as possible, and
the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that babies get
nothing but human breast milk until the age of six months — and that
they continue to breastfeed for at least a year.”

“More than half (51.8 percent) of infants were breastfeeding at six
months,” it added. That's up signiﬁcantly from just 35 percent of women
in 2000. But then it drops off. “Less than a third (30.7 percent) of infants
were breastfeeding at 12 months,” the CDC said”

“Studies show that babies given nothing but breastmilk for the
ﬁrst four months of life have a 72 percent lower risk of severe pneumonia
for their ﬁrst year. If moms stop breastfeeding between four and six
months, their babies have four times the risk of pneumonia compared to
moms who breastfeed for a year or longer.”

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that
“Breastfeeding should be continued for at least the first year of life and
beyond for as long as mutually desired by mother and child… Increased
duration of breastfeeding confers significant health and developmental
benefits for the child and the mother… There is no upper limit to the
duration of breastfeeding and no evidence of psychologic or developmental
harm from breastfeeding into the third year of life or longer.”

-What do health authorities say about breastfeeding past the first year?
https://kellymom.com/ages/after12mo/aap-breastfeeding-past-the-first-year/
“The average age at weaning
ranges anywhere from six months
to five years… Claims that
breastfeeding beyond infancy is
harmful to mother or infant have
absolutely no medical or scientific
basis,” says Arthur Eidelman, MD,
president of the Academy of
Breastfeeding Medicine.

“Indeed, the more salient issue is the
damage caused by modern practices of
premature weaning.” The global
organization of physicians further notes
that “Human milk contains nutrients,
antibodies, and immune-modulating
substances that are not present in
infant formula or cow’s milk. Longer
breastfeeding duration is further
associated with reduced maternal
risks of breast cancer, ovarian
cancer, diabetes, hypertension,
obesity, and heart attack.”

“As recommended by the
WHO, breastfeeding should
ideally continue beyond
infancy, but this is not the
cultural norm in the United
States and requires ongoing
support and encouragement.
It has been estimated that a
natural weaning age for
humans is between two
and seven years.”

“Family physicians should
be knowledgeable regarding
the ongoing beneﬁts to the
child of extended
breastfeeding, including
continued immune protection,
better social adjustment, and
having a sustainable food
source in times of
emergency.”

“The longer women breastfeed, the greater the
decrease in their risk of breast cancer. Mothers
who have immigrated from cultures in which
breastfeeding beyond infancy is routine should be
encouraged to continue this tradition. There is no
evidence that extended breastfeeding is harmful
to mother or child. Breastfeeding during a
subsequent pregnancy is not unusual. If the
pregnancy is normal and the mother is healthy,
breastfeeding during pregnancy is the woman’s
personal decision.”

Breastfeeding
Benefits
“The longer women breastfeed,
the greater the decrease in their risk
of breast cancer. Mothers who have
immigrated from cultures in which
breastfeeding beyond infancy is
routine should be encouraged to
continue this tradition. There is
no evidence that extended
breastfeeding is harmful
to mother or child.”
-What do health authorities say about breastfeeding past
the first year? https://kellymom.com/ages/after12mo/
aap-breastfeeding-past-the-first-year/

“Breastfeeding during a subsequent pregnancy is not unusual.
If the pregnancy is normal and the mother is healthy, breastfeeding
during pregnancy is the woman’s personal decision.”
-What do health authorities say about breastfeeding past the first year? https://kellymom.com/ages/after12mo/aap-breastfeeding-past-the-first-year/

"If the child is younger than two
years, the child is at increased
risk of illness if weaned.
Breastfeeding the nursing child
after delivery of the next child
(tandem nursing) may help provide
a smooth transition psychologically
for the older child."
WEANING
BEFORE AGE 2

“The question of whether
there is an upper limit to the
duration of breastfeeding has
been asked. Data on the
scientific foundation for an age
above which it is inappropriate
or harmful to the child to
continue breastfeeding do not
exist. Nor are there reported
risks to this method of social/
nutritional interactions.”
Breastfeeding Handbook for Physicians, 2nd ed. (pg 20 and 122.)

“Breastfeeding should be
continued, with appropriate
complementary foods, for as
long as the mother and infant
mutually desire. In societies
where children are allowed to
nurse as long as they wish,
they usually self-wean, without
emotional trauma, between 3
and 4 years of age. ”

“Physicians may be
surprised to discover that their
patients are actually nursing
much longer than they believe.
Mothers may fail to disclose
that they are continuing to
nurse an older infant or child
because they perceive that their
physician may not approve of
or support their continued
breastfeeding.”

ANTIBODIES &
THE IMMUNE
SYSTEM
“Human milk in the second year postpartum
contained significantly higher concentrations of
total protein, lactoferrin, lysozyme and
Immunoglobulin A, than milk bank samples, and
significantly lower concentrations of zinc, calcium,
iron and oligosaccharides.”
--Perrin 2016”

“Human milk expressed by mothers
who have been lactating for >1 year
has significantly increased fat and
energy contents, compared with
milk expressed by women who have
been lactating for shorter periods.
During prolonged lactation, the fat
energy contribution of breast milk
to the infant diet might be
significant.”
-—— Mandel 2005”

In a study of 250 toddlers in western
Kenya, breastmilk provided, on
average, 32% of the child’s total
energy intake. “Breast milk made
an important contribution to the
fat and vitamin A intakes of
toddlers in this community.”
-—— — Onyango 2002

“Breast milk continues to
provide substantial
amounts of key nutrients
well beyond the first year
of life, especially protein,
fat, and most vitamins.”
-—— — Dewey 2001”

“Studies done in rural
Bangladesh have shown
that breastmilk continues
to be an important source
of vitamin A in the
second and third year of
life.”-—— — Persson 1998”

“In the second year (12-23 months), 448 mL of breastmilk provides:
◦ 29% of energy requirements
◦ 43% of protein requirements
◦ 36% of calcium requirements
◦ 75% of vitamin A requirements
◦ 76% of folate requirements
◦ 94% of vitamin B12 requirements
◦ 60% of vitamin C requirements”

“ Optimal breastfeeding reduces the risk of child mortality. It is
estimated that, globally, 11.6 percent of deaths of children under 5 years
of age (800,000) are attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding practices. In
fact, promotion of optimal breastfeeding practices is one of the most
effective interventions to prevent deaths for children under 5 worldwide.”

“ In addition, breastfeeding is associated with a reduced risk
of child obesity, may be protective against the development of type-2
diabetes and certain other noncommunicable diseases later in life ,
and is associated with increased years of schooling, improved
cognition, and higher performance on intelligence tests.”

“Not breastfeeding signiﬁcantly increases an infant’s risk of
illness from infectious diseases. For every additional month of full
breast-feeding, 30.1% of hospitalizations resulting from infection
could have been prevented.”

“ Our experimental intervention increased the duration and
degree (exclusivity) of breastfeeding and decreased the risk of
gastrointestinal tract infection and atopic eczema in the ﬁrst year
of life. These results provide a solid scientiﬁc underpinning for
future interventions to promote breastfeeding.”

“ If breastfeeding did not already exist, someone who
invented it today would deserve a dual Nobel Prize in medicine
and economics. Breastfeeding is a child's ﬁrst inoculation against
death, disease, and poverty, but also their most enduring
investment in physical, cognitive, and social capacity. ”

“ The scaling up of breastfeeding to a near universal level
could prevent 823,000 annual deaths in children younger than 5
years and 20,000 annual deaths from breast cancer. Recent
epidemiological and biological ﬁndings from during the past
decade expand on the known beneﬁts of breastfeeding for
women and children, whether they are rich or poor.”

“ The deaths of 823,000 children and 20,000 mothers each year
could be averted through universal breastfeeding, along with economic
savings of US$300 billion. The Series confirms the benefits of
breastfeeding in fewer infections, increased intelligence, probable
protection against overweight and diabetes, and cancer prevention for
mothers. The Series represents the most in-depth analysis done so far
into the health and economic benefits that breastfeeding can produce. ”

“The greatest and
most obvious benefits of
breastfeeding are for the
immediate health and
survival of the infant.
Rates of diarrhea,
respiratory tract infections,
otitis media, and other
infections, as well as
deaths due to these
diseases, are all lower in
breastfed than in
non-breastfed infants.”

“During the first six
months, the rates are
lower for exclusively
breastfed than for partially
breastfed infants.These
benefits, resulting from
stronger immunity and
reduced exposure to
infectious agents, are
greatest in younger infants
and where hygiene and
sanitation are poor.”

“However, the
research described here
also suggests that these
health and survival
benefits extend beyond
infancy and to well-off
Western populations.”

“ An articulate minority doubts its importance in industrial
nations, and this view has been widely publicized. Coincidentally,
there is evidence that the prevalence of breast-feeding is declining. In
response to these events, some American manufacturers of
proprietary formulas have begun advertising directly to consumers,
rather than marketing their products through health professionals. ”

“ The resulting furor has generated a good deal of rhetoric from both
professionals and manufacturers. Is breast-feeding "worth the bother"?
The epidemiologic evidence is strongly affirmative. Important protection
against gastrointestinal infections in every setting has been confirmed and
reconfirmed; most clinicians now accept such observations. ”

“ Many clinicians, however, are surprised to learn that breast-
feeding is associated with signiﬁcant reductions in non-gastrointestinal
infections, including pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis, and with a
reduced frequency of certain chronic diseases later in life. ”

“ Infants in developed settings experience twice the
hospitalization rate and more severe illness from lower respiratory
tract infection, primarily respiratory syncytial virus. In developing
countries the mortality risk is 4-fold. for otitis media, the relative risks
were 3.3-4.3 for Finnish infants. ”

“Bacterial meningitis and/or bacteremia had a 4-fold risk for
hospitalization in a Connecticut study, and a 3-fold relative risk in 2
developing country studies. Human milk was the best preventative for
bacteremia and necrotizing enterocolitis in prematures in British neonatal
units. ”

“A 20-fold reduction in neonatal deaths occurred in Philippine
study of breastfeeding, especially in low birth weight babies. Diarrhea
causes the most infant mortality in developing nations, where bottle-
feeding raises rates 14-fold. In the U.S. estimated relative risks is 3.7
for diarrheal mortality. ”

“Sudden infant death is about 1/5 less common in U.S. breast fed
babies than in bottle fed. There is evidence for better long-term health
after breast feeding in disorders such as celiac disease, Crohn disease,
ulcerative colitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease,
malignant lymphoma, chronic liver disease, atopic dermatitis, and food
allergies. The design of good studies of protection conferred by breast
feeding, and the possible modes of action of breast milk are discussed.”

“Breastfeeding with zidovudine prophylaxis was not as
effective as formula feeding in preventing postnatal HIV transmission,
but was associated with a lower mortality rate at 7 months. Both
strategies had comparable HIV-free survival at 18 months.”

“These results demonstrate the risk of formula feeding to
infants in sub-Saharan Africa...Cumulative infant mortality at 7
months was signiﬁcantly higher for the formula-fed group than for
the breastfed plus zidovudine group (9.3% vs 4.9%; P = .003) ”

“When infants receiving no breast milk are contrasted with
those on exclusive breast-feeding, the median relative risk of death
from diarrhea during the ﬁrst 6 months of life is 25. Breast-feeding
can be promoted by changes in hospital routine and by giving
information and support to mothers.”

“A review of 21 studies from 8 countries shows that, by such
promotion, the most likely reductions in the prevalence of non-breast-fed
infants are 40% among infants aged 0-2 months, 30% among those aged
3-5 months, and 10% among those between 6 months and I year old.”

“Theoretical calculations based on these data show that
such promotion can reduce diarrhea morbidity rates by 8-20%
and diarrhea mortality rates by 24-27% in the ﬁrst 6 months of
life. ”

“This study shows that breastfeeding reduced the risk of
sudden infant death syndrome by ∼50% at all ages throughout infancy.
We recommend including the advice to breastfeed through 6 months
of age in sudden infant death syndrome risk-reduction messages.”

“Promotion of early initiation of breastfeeding has the potential to
make a major contribution to the achievement of the child survival
millennium development goal; 16% of neonatal deaths could be saved if
all infants were breastfed from day 1 and 22% if breastfeeding started
within the ﬁrst hour. Breastfeeding-promotion programs should
emphasize early initiation as well as exclusive breastfeeding.”

“The important role of appropriate breastfeeding practices in
the survival of infants is clear from this analysis. The reduction of
ARI deaths underscores the broad-based beneﬁcial effect of
exclusive breastfeeding in prevention of infectious diseases.”

“Compared with exclusive breastfeeding in the ﬁrst few
months of life, partial or no breastfeeding was associated with a
2.23-fold higher risk of infant deaths resulting from all causes and
2.40- and 3.94-fold higher risk of deaths attributable to ARI and
diarrhea, respectively.”

“ It is one of the few health-positive behaviors more
common in poor countries than rich ones. In low-income countries,
most infants are still breastfed at 1 year, compared with less than
20% in many high-income countries and less than 1% in the UK.
The reasons why women avoid or stop breastfeeding range from
the medical, cultural, and psychological, to physical discomfort
and inconvenience.”

“ These matters are not trivial, and many mothers without support turn
to a bottle of formula. Multiplied across populations and involving
multinational commercial interests, this situation has catastrophic
consequences on breastfeeding rates and the health of subsequent
generations. genuine and urgent commitment is needed from governments
and health authorities to establish a new normal: where every woman can
expect to breastfeed, and to receive every support she needs to do so. ”

“Streptococcus pneumoniae is the relevant cause of bacterial
meningitis, with a high-mortality rate and long-term neurological sequelae,
affecting up to 50% of survivors. Pneumococcal compounds are pro-
inﬂammatory mediators that induce an innate immune response and
tryptophan degradation through the kynurenine pathway. Vitamin B6 acts as
a cofactor at the active sites of enzymes that catalyze a great number of
reactions involved in the metabolism of tryptophan, preventing the
accumulation of neurotoxic intermediates.”

“Thus, vitamin B6 attenuated the memory impairment in
animals subjected to pneumococcal meningitis.”

SUNLIGHT & OUR
IMMUNE SYSTEM
“The sun is God's doctor, which brings
health and strength, purifying and giving
color to the blood, and we must have it”
-AUCR July 26, 1899, Art. A, par. 4-5

“Sunlight is one of the best tonics and beautiﬁers in
the world; therefore, men, women, and children, one and
all, should seek it as one of the great natural agencies
which help to form the ‘elixir of life.’ ”
-Health Reformer April 1, 1871, par. 14-15

SUNLIGHT & OUR
IMMUNE SYSTEM
“WHEN IT COMES to building up your
immune system, getting outdoors and
enjoying a healthy amount of sunshine are
two of your leading allies. Think of it as
“nature’s nurture.”
--21 Secret Remedies for Colds and Flu by Siloam

Vitamin D & Immunity
“Vitamin D favorably
regulates the immune system,
simultaneously improving its
effectiveness at eliminating
pathogens, and reducing
inflammation.… Vitamin D is
consumed by the immune
system when it’s activated. It
is a nutrient that is metabolized
at a faster rateduring infection
or inflammation.”

Vitamin D & Immunity
“Consequently, people with
inflammatory conditions need
greater amounts of vitamin D.
They must supplement at a
higher dose to achieve healthy
blood levels. Sincechronic
immune activation is always
present in autism, autistics
require higher vitamin D
intake than normal people. ”

REST/SLEEP & OUR
IMMUNE SYSTEMS

“Nature will restore their vigor and
strength in their sleeping hours, if her laws
are not violated.”—A Solemn Appeal, 62. . HL 69.1

The Importance of Sleep for Immunity
“Prioritizing sleep is one of the most important things you can do in
order to stay healthy. Lack of sleep can negatively affect your immune
system Research shows that people who don't get enough sleep are
more likely to get sick after being exposed to a virus and that lack of
sleep can also slow your recovery if you do get sick.”
- (Cleveland Clinic) Maintaining a Healthy Immune System: What you can do to help by
Leonard H. Calabrese, D.O. And R. J. Fasenmyer Chair of Clinical Immunology

“One of the most striking studies found that after subjects were
exposed to the common cold virus, those who slept less than 6 hours
a night during the previous week were 4 times more likely to get a
cold than those who slept 8 hours a night.”

“Studies have also shown that people who are sleep deprived get
less protection from vaccinations than those who get adequate
sleep .Evidence overwhelmingly supports that our immune
response is suppressed when we are sleep deprived.”

“During sleep, your immune system releases proteins called cytokines,
some of which help promote sleep. Certain cytokines increase when you
have an infection, inflammation, or when you're under stress.”

“Sleep deprivation may decrease production of these protective
cytokines. In addition, infection-fighting antibodies and cells are
reduced during periods when you are sleep deprived For those with
autoimmune disease, studies have shown that losing sleep for even
part of one night can trigger tissue-damaging inflammation.”

Quick Tips: Good Sleep Habits
The following tips about sleeping to strengthen your immune system make sense
for all ages:
• Go to bed and awake at the same time each day, even on weekends. There is no way to make up
for “lost sleep.”
• Establish a daily “cool-down” time. One hour before bedtime dim the lights and eliminate noise.
Use this time for low-level stimulation activities such as listening to quiet music or reading non-
stimulating material

for all ages:
• Associate beds with resting only. Talk on the phone or scan the Internet elsewhere.
• Don’t drink caffeinated drinks in the afternoon or evening. Caffeine’s stimulating effects will
peak two to four hours after consumption, but they can linger in the body for several hours.

for all ages:
• Don’t eat dinner close to bedtime, and don’t overeat. Sleep can be disrupted by digestive
systems working extra hard after a heavy meal. Make your last meal of the day a light one.
• Avoid exercise close to bedtime. Physical activity late in the day can affect your body’s ability
to relax into a peaceful slumber.”
- 21 Secret Remedies for Colds and Flu by Siloam Editors

“Another pernicious habit is that of
eating just before bedtime. The
regular meals may have been taken;
but because there is a sense of
faintness, more food is taken. By
indulgence this wrong practice
becomes a habit and often so firmly
fixed that it is thought impossible to
sleep without food.”
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
-(Ministry of Healing, p. 303; Child Guidance, p. 389).

“As a result of eating late
suppers, the digestive process
is continued through the
sleeping hours. But though
the stomach works constantly,
its work is not properly
accomplished.”

“The sleep is often disturbed with
unpleasant dreams, and in the morning
the person awakes unrefreshed and with
little relish for breakfast. When we lie
down to rest, the stomach should have its
work all done, that it, as well as the other
organs of the body, may enjoy rest. For
persons of sedentary habits late suppers
are particularly harmful. With them the
disturbance created is often the beginning
of disease that ends in death.”

Our Immune System
“Vaccines don’t form a
protective ring around anyone;
our immune system remains
our primary defense against
disease, … As best-selling
author Dr. Bob Sears explains:

Our Immune System
“A healthy immune
system is the key to preventing
infectious diseases. We are all
exposed to millions of germs
every day, and vaccinesonly
cover a tiny fraction of one
percent of these germs. So we
must rely on our own immune
system to fight off most
potential infections.”

3.SANITATION VS VACCINATION - Nutrition, Sleep, Vitamin A/D, Breast-feeding and Preventing Infectious Diseases

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Ähnlich wie 3.SANITATION VS VACCINATION - Nutrition, Sleep, Vitamin A/D, Breast-feeding and Preventing Infectious Diseases

Ähnlich wie 3.SANITATION VS VACCINATION - Nutrition, Sleep, Vitamin A/D, Breast-feeding and Preventing Infectious Diseases (20)

Mehr von Antonio Bernard

Mehr von Antonio Bernard (20)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

3.SANITATION VS VACCINATION - Nutrition, Sleep, Vitamin A/D, Breast-feeding and Preventing Infectious Diseases