Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in Psychological Review.Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human developmental psychology, some of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans. Maslow used the terms "physiological", "safety", "belongingness" and "love", "esteem", "self-actualization", and "self-transcendence" to describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through. Maslow studied what he called exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglass rather than mentally ill or neurotic people, writing that "the study of crippled, stunted, immature, and unhealthy specimens can yield only a cripple psychology and a cripple philosophy. Maslow studied the healthiest 1% of the college student population. Maslow's theory was fully expressed in his 1954 book Motivation and Personality.The hierarchy remains a very popular framework in sociology research, management training[6] and secondary and higher psychology instruction.

1. Presented by: Ankesh Gorkhali
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Theory

2. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
Self-Actualization Theory

3. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Esteem
Love
Safety
Physiological
Self
Actualization

4. Hunger, thirst,
shelter, sex, and
other bodily needs
Security and
protection from
physical and
emotional harm
Affection,
belongingness,
acceptance, and
friendship
Self-respect,
autonomy,
achievement;
external esteem
factors such as
status,
recognition,
and attention
The drive to
become what one
is capable of
becoming;
includes growth,
achieving one’s
potential, and self-
fulfillment

5. Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsTheory
Needs were categorized as five levels of lower- to higher-
order needs
• Individuals must satisfy lower-order needs before they can satisfy higher
order needs.
• Satisfied needs will no longer motivate.
• Motivating a person depends on knowing at what level that person is on
the hierarchy.
Hierarchy of needs
• Lower-order (external): physiological, safety
• Higher-order (internal): social, esteem, self-actualization

7. Limitation of Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Over-simplified –
based on Human
Needs only.
Lack of direct cause
and effect relationship
between need and
behavior
Needs of all employees
are not uniform.
Employees are
satisfied with
physiological needs
and security only.
The pattern of
hierarchy of needs
many not be
applicable uniformly.
It does not hold good
in the present age as
each person has plenty
of needs to be satisfied
The theory is widely
accepted but there is
little empirical
evidence to support.
Largely tentative and
untested.

8. Thank you