SymbioCity Sustainability By Sweden Brochure english new! Copia presa a gennaio 2012 per sviluppare un articolo di http://pacheramanda.wordpress.com L'originale eventualmente aggiornata la trovate

1. sustainability by sweden
get
more
for we kno
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less
how!
The Swedish experience in urban development
The Swedish experience in urban development
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2. SymbioCity promotes holistic and sustainable
urban development – finding potential synergies
in urban functions and unlocking their efficiency
and profitability.
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3. 3

4. Introduction
Welcome to SymbioCity
Symbiosis in a city A Swedish trademark Sustainability:
Symbiosis means the integra- SymbioCity reflects all Swedish everywhere, always
tion of organisms in a mutually knowledge and experience in As the Brundtland Commis-
beneficial union. In Sweden, we approaching sustainability. sion* put it, sustainability is
have been focusing on holistic Several hundred Swedish con- “development that meets the
city planning for 50 years. For sultants, contractors and sys- needs of the present without
us, symbiosis means finding tem suppliers are organised in compromising the ability of
synergies between urban tech- various networks dedicated to future generations to meet their
nology systems that save natu- spreading the vision of sustain- own needs.”
ral resources and cost less. able urbanism and making the
* The Brundtland Commission,
distance to implementation as
formerly the World Commission
short as possible. We all share
on Environment and Develop-
the SymbioCity approach.
ment (WCED), convened by the
United Nations in 1983.
World of cities SymbioCity…
Urbanisation is closely tied to … puts into practice a holistic
economic and cultural develop- approach for sustainable urban
ment. The majority of the world’s development primarily based
6.9 billion people already live in primarily on experiences and
or near cities. This exponential best practice. All aspects of
large-scale urban growth has sustainability should be con­
created a pressing need for sidered.
more holistic planning and
… uses an integrated approach
governance of city develop-
where different fields of action
ment. These challenges were
will be coordinated and com-
the reason why the Swedish
bined in an optimal way.
government and the Swedish
Trade Council launched a con- … offers a concept which is
cept for sustainable city devel- adaptable to different develop-
opment at the World Summit ment levels of cities and towns
on Sustainable Development as well as different planning
in Johannesburg 2002. situations.
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5. 5

6. Background
How should urban
growth be managed?
World challenges City life Decision time
While ecological footprints World population will likely Faced with these diverse chal-
come in many sizes, we are all rise to 9 billion by 2050. In 20 lenges, city governments are
leaving our mark on the planet. years, as many as 60% of the eager to take action. Today, city
The environment is under obvi- human population will live in mayors all around the globe are
ous and increasing stress to cities. Cities already represent a planning for sustainable urban
which every economy contrib- major share of the consumption development and future human
utes. The main challenge areas of non-renewable resources, life. The challenges are enor-
are well known: water supply, produce large amounts of waste mous, but the benefits even
food supply, transport systems, and pollute our air and water. greater. Policy options range
waste disposal; and threats to City leaders are increasingly from consumer behavior to
fauna and flora. Not to mention aware of the needs of the large infrastructure invest-
the problem of climate change future: free mobility, clean air ments. Never before have urban
and the carbon dioxide emis- and water, waste recycling, technologies in harmony with
sions that stem from almost any smart energy consumption, citizens offered such promising
human economic activity. Spe- spatial planning for green areas, opportunities. It is time for new
cialists in ecosystem research and biological diversity in urban decisions.
have shown how different envi- environments.
ronmental aspects depend on
each other. The depletion of
natural resources in most of the
world today is a serious threat
to our standard of living.
Traffic is an obvious major
source of air pollution and car-
bon dioxide emissions but is not
alone in straining urban envi-
ronments. Fossil fuel con-
sumption for heating and low
energy efficiency in buildings
also adds to the challenges we
face.
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7. 7

8. Our experience
Sustainability
by Sweden
Pioneers Private and public In the 1950s and 1960s you
Sweden was an early starter in Sustainable growth is a shared wouldn’t even dip a toe in the
sustainable thinking. As early as responsibility. Strict environ- polluted waters around Stock-
the 1960s, Sweden recognised mental legislation and rules holm. Swimming and fishing
that the rapid loss of natural provide guidance for develop- were of course forbidden.
resources had to be confronted. It ing and preserving green cities. Today, swimmers are every-
took a leading role in organizing The successful cooperation where, and fishing in central
the first UN conference on the between local, regional and Stockholm is popular.
environment – held in Stockholm national authorities and private
in 1972. In the 1970s Sweden was industry – as well as the crucial
the most oil-dependent country involvement of the public – has
in the industrialized world, but helped to turn ideas of sustain-
following the oil crisis in 1973, ability into reality.
made tremendous efforts to find
new sources of energy, create new
ways to insulate buildings and
develop automatic energy saving
systems.
In 1996–2008 Swedish carbon
dioxide emissions fell by 18% GNP
while GNP increased by 45%.
Linking environmental perfor-
mance to economic perfor-
mance is both necessary and
fruitful.
CO2
1995 2008
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9. 9

10. Think
green
save
money le
eatab
unb rs!
offe
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11. SymbioCity will help you
n cut life cycle costs of system investments …
n cut maintenance costs …
n improve living satisfaction …
n increase property values …
n use land more efficiently …
n reduce air pollution, noise and vibrations,
harmful substances, polluted water, sewage
and waste …
n cut carbon dioxide emissions …
… for home, industrial, commercial and office areas
… for any city, block, house or household
… for both small and large-scale implementations
… for planning, building and renovation
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12. The Concept
Value from combinations
Get more for less Long term gains With a social A multi-disciplinary
The most important word in SymbioCity is all about the dimension approach
SymbioCity is value. How to get life cycle cost – the long-term To ensure a successful and Sharing information is crucial
more for less. By integrating benefits of investments. In a appreciated investment, the to a cost-efficient and smooth
different urban technology sustainable city, maintenance citizens should be involved process. Municipalities, public
solutions, we create synergies costs tend to be lower thanks early in the process, through authorities, universities, insti-
that increase resource efficiency, to forethought and better information, education and tutes, private companies and
optimise recovery and reuse planning, resulting in lower communication. In the Symbio­ other networks can come
– and saves money. Cleaner air, life cycle investment costs and City view, social and economic together to share knowledge,
reduced noise, improved water better returns. factors are as important as the skills, and organizational mus-
quality and a safer living envi- ecological and technical – the cle. Questions of legislation and
ronment makes people happier recognized ultimate goal being its implementation, of decision-
with their housing – which in health, comfort, safety and making, transparency, and
turn increases property value. maximum quality of life for all accountability are addressed
citizens. and answered.
No more landfills! In Sweden,
less than 20% of household
waste is deposited as landfill.
In Stockholm, 75% of all waste
is collected for recycling or use
as fuel. For household waste,
this figure is 95%! Organic
waste from restaurants and
grocery shops as well as from
households, toilet waste, sludge
from septic tanks or waste
water treatment plants – all
of it can be used to produce
biogas. The digested biogas
contains methane, which can be
used for heating and electricity
production or, after refining, as
fuel for transportation.
fro
wast m
e
fuel! to
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13. The building blocks
An integrated planning approach is
key to unlocking hidden synergies in
the city. Why manage urban sectors one
by one? Instead, let SymbioCity combine
them, saving valuable city resources and
creating new values.
Clockwise, from top:
n Urban functions (housing, industries, services)
n Waste management
n Energy
n Landscape planning
n Architecture and master planning
n Traffic and transport
n Water supply and sanitation
The symbiosis in SymbioCity
Combine industrial
Combine waste
waste heat with the
management and
municipal energy
heat production
plant – cut energy
– get a new power
production costs in
industry!
re!
half!
the
Combine architec-
Combine waste­
ture and landscape
water treatment
planning – let sun-
and traffic systems
shine and shading
– get biofuel for
lower heating and
public transport!
cooling costs!
13

14. THE LAYOUT
Making urban systems
communicate
Information and n Smart logistics can save n With smart monitoring,
communication transportation fuel as well as buildings and factories can
storage space, electricity and become highly energy efficient.
Information and Communica-
heating.
tion Technologies (ICT) is an n Involvement creates respon-
important part of SymbioCity. n Digitalized communications sibility. Maintain an open dia-
It’s all about easily accessing, reduces the need for some logue with stakeholders about
analyzing and sharing vital transport altogether. public projects before and after
information in and between implementation.
n Smart power grids avoid peak
all urban systems and parties
loads, save electricity, and make n Defined systems for measuring
– including the public. ICT
use of multiple energy sources. and evaluating city functions
increases resource efficiency in
are crucial for mayors’ decisions.
both the short and long term,
which will ultimately reduce
CO2 emissions across the board.
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15. Scalable and easy to modify
Region, city, district, building or household? Depending on your needs and The most efficient solutions are not always
resources you can use the SymbioCity approach at different scales: For brand the most high-tech. This simple matrix shows
new city areas or for renewals of existing urban districts. To found a new, waste management and recycling in different
state-of-the-art, large scale, ultramodern high-tech district. Or to help you scales and degrees of technology advance-
create a single system or building that can serve as a touchstone – driving ment. The SymbioCity approach can be used
interest in sustainable urban development – so that a district or a city can be on any level, independently of project size,
developed step by sustainable step. SymbioCity adapts to your unique situation! technology level or budget.
SMALL MEDIUM LARGE
HIGH
TECHNOLOGY
LEVEl
Automated waste collection Automated waste collection system Automated waste collection network
for a single house
SMALL MEDIUM LARGE
MEDIUM
TECHNOLOGY
LEVEl
Composting and recycling solutions Recycling centre Recycling network
SMALL MEDIUM LARGE
LOW
TECHNOLOGY
LEVEl
Individual composts Private collectors Collection network
15

16. Carbon
down!
Thumbs
up! s
cces !
su ies
stor
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17. A few Swedish showcases
SymbioCity in practice
master planning
Hammarby by-the-sea, a model district
In the 1990s, plans were made
to build Hammarby Sjöstad in a
former brownfield area of wharfs
and docks. Today, it boasts
attractive housing for several
thousand Stockholmers. By 2018
the area will have approximately
11,000 apartments, 25,000
inhabitants and 10,000 work-
places. The “Hammarby model”
has set a new world standard
for future sustainable housing
development, with its integrated
planning approach.
n A system based approach to
architecture and planning of
energy efficient housing
n Automatic underground
waste collection systems
n Solar-powered hot water and
electricity
n Biogas from household
sewage water and waste
n Collection and filtration
of runoff water
n Super-efficient buildings,
triple glazed windows, green
roofs, etc.
The investments have been
proven environmentally
successful:
40% less environmental stress
50% less eutrophication
40% less ground-level ozone
25% less water consumption
17

18. heating energy
District heating – energy hero Smart electricity Stockholm
From December to March, the household boilers. When the A smart grid applies digital times it can turn off selected
temperature is below freezing plants also provide electricity technology to monitor and appliances to reduce demand.
in many parts of Sweden. – so-called combined heat and control all electricity, to save The technology can also feed
That’s why “district heating” power – a 90% degree of energy energy, reduce cost and small scale energy production
has become our energy hero. efficiency is possible. District increase reliability. When into the main grid, to make
District energy systems pro- heating plants are also much power is least expensive the use of it where it’s needed at
duce steam or hot water at a cleaner: in Umeå, 99.5% of sul- user can allow the smart grid the time. Today, Stockholm
central plant. The steam or phur and particles are filtered to automatically turn on is planning for a smart grid
water is then piped under- out. Incineration works well selected home appliances, system in Stockholm Royal
ground to individual buildings with most fuels, including bio- such as washing machines, Seaport – an area that will
within a designated area. This mass and waste from house- or factory processes that can house 25,000 inhabitants
provides 50% of the house- holds, construction industry run at arbitrary hours. At peak when completed in 2025.
holds with an ideal indoor cli- and forestry. It has been calcu-
mate. District heating is far lated that if the European Union
more efficient than traditional reached the same level of dis-
Oscar Properties / Herzog de Meuron
individual household heating trict heating as Sweden, the
and thus releases much less Europeans could overshoot
carbon dioxide. Thanks to dis- their carbon dioxide reduction
trict heating, total Swedish targets four times.
carbon dioxide emissions have District heating environmental
fallen by 25% since the 1970s. performance, since 1980:
A district heating system can 70% less carbon dioxide
easily increase energy efficiency 95% less SO2
by 50% compared to individual 80% less NOX
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19. cooling
The big chill
Sometimes we like it cold. On ground to supply customers
hot days, business productivity with cold water from adjacent
is much higher in air-condi- rivers or lakes. But it can also
tioned offices. Hospitals ben- be produced from sewage
efit enormously from effective water or sludge. Compared to
climate control. Using essen- individual household air-con-
tially the same technology as ditioning, district cooling low-
district heating, cities can cre- ers carbon dioxide emissions
ate district cooling systems. by 60%. On smaller scales,
District cooling has massive innovative companies provide
advantages over individual system solutions for both cool-
solutions. For one thing, it is ing and warming, using solar
often produced in the form of technology combined with
free cooling via a closed distri- extremely efficient small scale
bution system laid in the heat exchangers.
biogas
Biogas from waste
Biological waste and waste­ biogas train is also in process.
water can easily be turned into There is little waste in the
biogas. In Linköping, one process. After fermentation
municipal gas company offer- to gas, the bio-manure is used
ing biogas for vehicles now has as an agricultural nutrient,
7% of the local fuel market. reducing the use of artificial
A full scale project with a local fertiliser.
energy saving
No heat lost
There is enormous potential in waste heat. Thanks to a
waste heat recovery – in har- detailed energy assessment
nessing the heat energy from and large investments in new
waste that would otherwise be technology, the company now
lost. In Iggesund, in the cold uses a greater part of waste
north, a large paperboard fac- heat from the industrial pro-
tory has cut its fossil fuel con- cesses as a source for the whole
sumption by 75% by using plant and all its buildings.
19

20. housing
A change for life
From triple glazed windows to sources are household appli-
hot water economy, all the ances and the residents’ own
buildings in new districts are body heat. But you can also
optimized using a life cycle cal- renovate sustainably. Near
culus of maintenance costs. Gothenburg, a suburban area
Many new designs use insula- from the 1970s has recently
tion techniques that allow for been refurbished. The energy,
so-called passive energy build- electricity and water savings water
Clean waters
ings, where the only heating are all well above 30%.
community We spent more than three niques have now become so
decades cleaning Lake Mälaren sophisticated that even house-
Sustainable safety from household wastewater,
industrial pollution and traffic
hold wastewater can be a
resource for drinkable water
There is much to be gained by and that local people should be runoff. Water treatment tech- production.
aiming for both a safe and involved in the change process
attractive environment. The to inspire confidence in the
Gothenburg area of Gårdsten development. Soon the figures
used to be a rundown 1970s took a new direction. Shortly SymbioCity is an all
suburb. When the city decided after the renovations, empty Swedish approach, and
on a total makeover, 40% of apartments dropped to zero, business cases around
apartments were short of ten- crime rates went down by the world testify to the
ants and unemployment and 40%, and the number of local success and adaptability
crime rates were at national businesses rose eightfold. of Swedish solutions for
record levels. It was clear that Today, Gårdsten is an interna- a sustainable urban
e
development. er th
all ov rld!
social solutions and urban plan- tional model of sustainable
ning had to go hand in hand social development. wo
20

21. Check our offers! Swedish companies have delivered their solutions
around the globe, both high-tech and low-tech. Find your right
partner or supplier, read more about our cases or simply play the
SymbioCity Scenarios game. Enjoy www.symbiocity.org
21

22. Checklist
A few inspiring ideas
traffic and urban water supply building
transport functions and sanitation design
n Assess public transport n Locate industry correctly with n Water and drainage utilities n Plan for rainwater collection
facilities between out-of-the- regard to prevailing wind direc- and waste collectors need to during the planning and con-
way areas and city centres, tion for improved public health. cooperate to prevent dumping struction process.
commercial and industrial of waste and septic sludge in
n Cut energy demands for cool- n Consider designing multi­
areas, and site new residential collectors for storm water and/
ing of industries and offices purpose buildings in urban
areas where it is favourable or wastewater.
through passive and energy areas to facilitate mixed use of
from a transportation and
producing building techniques. n Drinking water sources are both housing and small-scale
public infrastructure viewpoint,
often polluted by wastewater, business activities within the
to minimise costs for transport n Let energy utilities and indus-
sludge and toilet waste. Allow service sector. This reduces
and connections to energy and try cooperate to cut peak loads
cooperation between water need for private transportation.
water supply systems. in order to make energy supply
supply and sanitation authori-
more reliable. n Reduce energy demand,
n Waste utilities, private actors ties.
energy supply needs and operat-
and traffic planners can develop n Minimize industrial waste and
n Water supply and treatment ing costs by specially designed
plans for how to make waste swap hazardous substances for
and wastewater plants should walls, roofs and floors (insula-
transportation efficient. less hazardous ones through
be managed in a way that tion, space and design of win-
collaboration between environ-
n Minimise the need for trans- decreases energy demand. dows, etc.).
mental and waste authorities.
portation by private car and
n Health education and hygien- n Careful building design in
motorcycle through collabora- n Combat environmental prob-
ic practices, included in water relationship to the surrounding
tion between public transport, lems “upstream.” Improve
supply and sanitation authority landscape. Topography, vegeta-
industry and urban planners. incoming water quality at
operations, can mitigate water- tion and related factors are
wastewater treatment plants
n Utilize synergies between borne diseases. important to the micro-climate,
through cooperation with
land-use, traffic and transpor- in turn influencing energy
industry.
tation to achieve good logistics demand, the diffusion of air pol-
for public transportation in n Combine urban planning, lution, comfort level due to sun
order to minimize transporta- building design, production exposure, sun shading or wind
tion energy consumption as processes and equipment, exposure for cooling winds in
well as air pollution and noise. introduced in early decision- summertime or wind protection
making phases, to diminish in wintertime, etc.
n Manage storm water in coop-
industrial demands for cooling.
eration with road department n Make entrances to buildings
and water utilities. easily accessible from bicycle
and walking paths, and include
parking lots for bicycles.
n Let green roofs attenuate
storm water flow and contrib-
ute to cooling.
22

23. landscape waste
planning management energy
n Develop alternative solutions n Fermentation of biodegrad- n Let forestry authorities,
and ideas for integrated land able waste, septic sludge or nature conservation authorities
use and green areas, traffic/ wastewater sludge may be a and energy planners/utilities
transportation and infrastruc- feasible option for small-scale cooperate to stop deforestation
tural planning. energy production. Gas may be around a city.
utilized for heating purposes or
n Purify water bodies through n Let municipal utility depart-
to produce vehicle fuel.
systems connected to recre- ments cooperate to identify
ation and biodiversity. Integrate n Clearly allocate responsibility energy-saving opportunities for
green areas and the attenuation for dry toilet waste, septic the city.
of storm water by developing sludge and other types of waste
n Let the energy sector spread
attractive open ponds and in cities where the waterborne
knowledge of potential hazards
ditches. sanitation system is limited and
in cooking or heating with dan-
sanitation is an issue for the
n Redevelop old waste dumps gerous fuels. They may be able
waste collection services.
for ecological and recreational to contribute alternative, energy
purposes. n Incinerate waste with strict efficient solutions.
environmental controls.
n Use green areas to help n Use combined heat and power
school children understand n Digest biodegradable waste, systems for waste incineration.
ecology and the environment. septic sludge or wastewater for
small-scale energy production.
n Reduce air and water pollu-
Utilize biogas for heating pur-
tion with green areas.
poses or vehicle fuel.
n Coordinate green wedges and
n Make waste transportation
green corridors with pleasant
efficient by collaboration
paths for bicycling and walking.
between waste utilities, private
actors and traffic planners.
n Design buildings and their
immediate surroundings with
regard to the source separation
and collection of waste – for
example by facilitating waste
management centers on the
ground floors of multi-family
housing.
23

24. SymbioCity is an initiative by the Swedish Swedish Trade Council
Government through The Swedish Trade Telephone +46 8 588 660 00
Council, in the aim for sustainable urban E-mail symbiocity@swedishtrade.se
development worldwide. Website www.symbiocity.org
For an update on cases
and news, stop by
www.symbiocity.org
!
amazing
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