Bringing User-Centered Design into Agile Projects

Bringing User-Centered Design Practices into Agile Development Projects Jeff Patton Thought Works [email_address] Please join a work group of 4-6 people – thanks.

The Shape of Our Day ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Meta Tutorial ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Part 1: The Agile Development Context ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Waterfall Model remains the traditional software development approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Winston Royce, Managing the Development of Large Software System, 1970 Requirements Design Development Testing & Validation Deployment & Maintenance

The Spiral Model Introduced Iterative Refinement in the ’80s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Origins of Agile Development Spring From Early Discussions on Adaptive Incremental Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Coining The Agile Software Development Label ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Agility is a Value System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

No Rules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Agile Development Usually Follows a Predictable Lifecycle Iteration Plan Release Plan Product/Project Charter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Product/Project Incremental Release Evaluate Iteration Feature Design Develop Evaluate Test Evaluate Plan Plan Plan

Agile Development’s Carrot and Stick is Often the Creation of “Business Value” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Use a GQM Style Approach To Identify Business Goals And Appropriate Goal Metrics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Capture Goals In a Model Using a Collaborative Modeling Session ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Activity: Research Today’s Business Problem - Barney’s Media ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Activity: Build A Simple Business Goal Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

You’ve Just Experienced “Hot” Communication [without dialing a 900 number] In Cockburn’s Agile Software Development , he describes how communication varies in temperature. Increasing communication temperature is an important tenet of Agile Development.

You’ve Just Built an Information Radiator ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Agile Environments Leverage Information Radiators to Socialize Information A task model shows workflow, supports release planning and incremental development

Agile Environments Leverage Information Radiators to Socialize Information Navigation Maps and Storyboards describe user interactions

Agile Environments Leverage Information Radiators to Socialize Information Development often proceeds leveraging whiteboard wireframe prototypes

Agile Environments Leverage Information Radiators to Socialize Information User models and UI guidelines communicated in posters

Large Displayed Models Serve as a Backdrop for Ad Hoc Collaboration Brian, Frank, and Justin discuss their work with Mark against the backdrop of a workflow model

Recorded Discussions While Building a Model Serve as Documentation Zack explains the lifecycle of a railroad car lease to me using the domain objects in the system

Part 1 Agile Tips For Ux Practitioners ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Jeff Patton ThoughtWorks [email_address] Bringing User-Centered Design Practices into Agile Development Projects

Part 2: Project Inception & Planning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Garrett’s Elements Model Explains Clearly How User Experience is Built From Dependent Layers ,[object Object]

The Surface Layer Describes Finished Visual Design Aspects Surface Skeleton Structure Scope Strategy

The Skeleton Describes Screen Layout and Functional Compartments in the Screen Surface Skeleton Structure Scope Strategy

Structure Defines Navigation from Place to Place in the User Interface task panes modal dialogs modal wizards Surface Skeleton Structure Scope Strategy

The Places in the User Interface are Built to Support User Tasks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surface Skeleton Structure Scope Strategy

Business Goals Drive User Constituencies and Contexts Supported To Form Strategy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surface Skeleton Structure Scope Strategy

Garret’s Elements of Ux Stack Applies to the User Experience of Other Complex Products ,[object Object],[object Object]

Let’s Look At a Product We All Use: The Place We Live ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surface Skeleton Structure Scope Strategy

What might I do to reach my goals? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surface Skeleton Structure Scope Strategy

Arranging tasks by affinity allows me to think about contexts that best support tasks. Contexts in a home have common names we all know. Surface Skeleton Structure Scope Strategy

When designing a particular interaction context – a kitchen for instance – I optimize layout and tool choices to support tasks I’ll do there. Surface Skeleton Structure Scope Strategy

I’m going to spend a lot of time here, I want my experience to be as pleasant as possible… Surface Skeleton Structure Scope Strategy

The Agile Concept of “Test First” Isn’t About Testing, It’s About Designing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Merging Ux Design Dependencies With an Agile Development Lifecycle design & plan evaluate design & plan evaluate design & plan evaluate abstract detail Products & Projects Incremental Release Iterative Feature Development features

Revisiting the Agile Development Lifecycle design & plan evaluate design & plan evaluate design & plan evaluate abstract detail Model Strategy & Scope Segment Scope, Model Structure Refine Structure, Design Skeleton & Surface Products & Projects Incremental Release Iterative Feature Development features

Revisiting the Agile Development Lifecycle design & plan evaluate design & plan evaluate design & plan evaluate Model Strategy & Scope Segment Scope, Model Structure Refine Structure, Design Skeleton & Surface abstract detail Products & Projects Incremental Release Iterative Feature Development features

Project Inception & Planning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Business Goal Modeling Task Modeling Task-Centric Feature/Story Backlog Task-Centric Release Planning User Modeling

Model Users Using A Technique Appropriate For Your Product, Team, And Available Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],products for internal users, enterprise products consumer products better design targets

Where Does User Research Happen? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Activity: Build a Simple User Role Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A Good Product Design Balances User Goals & Business Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Incremental Release Increases Return on Investment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Evaluating Return on 4 Release Strategies for the Same Product Features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Single Release 12 months total cost: $1.3 M total 2 year return: $3.6 M net 2 year return: $2.3 M Cash Investment: $1.3 M Internal Rate of Return: 9.1%

Evaluating Return on 4 Release Strategies for the Same Product Features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Semi Annual Release 6 month increments total cost: $1.4 M total 2 year return: $4.8 M net 2 year return: $3.4 M Cash Investment: $.7 M Internal Rate of Return: 15.7%

Evaluating Return on 4 Release Strategies for the Same Product Features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Quarterly Release 3 month increments total cost: $1.6 M total 2 year return: $5.3 M net 2 year return: $3.7 M Cash Investment: $.44 M Internal Rate of Return: 19.1%

Evaluating Return on 4 Release Strategies for the Same Product Features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Quarterly Release – drop the last release 3 month increments total cost: $1.2 M total 2 year return: $4.9 M net 2 year return: $3.7 M Cash Investment: $.44 M Internal Rate of Return: 20.4%

Continuing To Add Features May Not Pay The Same Level Of Return ,[object Object],[object Object],Quarterly Release – continue with 5 th release 3 month increments total cost: $2 M total 2 year return: $6.2 M net 2 year return: $4.24 M Cash Investment: $.44 M Internal Rate of Return: 19.0%

Software By Numbers & Project Portfolios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Building & Evaluating Complete Releases Helps Reduce Risk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

To Capture Return On Investment, the Delivered Product Must Be Used ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Software Is A Tool People Use To Help Meet Goals, Tasks are the Actions They Perform ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],I have Goals I’ll reach this goal by performing some Tasks I’ll seek out Tools that help be better perform my task

Tasks & Activities to Describe What People Do ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],activity task task task task task

Tasks Have A Goal Level Plan releases using tasks at sea level and a bit below

A Good User Story Models the Use of the System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[achieve some goal ] so that I can [perform some task ] I want to [type of user ] As a purchase it quickly, leave, and continue with my day. so that I can locate a CD in the store I want to harried shopper As a

Identify And Plan Using User Tasks Now, Defer Specific Feature Choices Till Later ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Agile User Story Software Product Goals Tasks Tools Features

A Task Workflow Model Organizes Tasks to Represent Workflow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Task 7 Activity 1 time necessity

Exercise: Build a Simple Task Model Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Task 7 Activity 1 Activity: using the pre-printed activity and task cards, build a simple task workflow model for Barney’s time necessity

Part 2 Agile Tips For Ux Practitioners ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Part 3: Building, Validation, & Adaptation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Back To Our Agile Lifecycle… design & plan evaluate design & plan evaluate design & plan evaluate Model Strategy & Scope Segment Scope, Model Structure Refine Structure, Design Skeleton & Surface abstract detail you are here Products & Projects Incremental Release Iterative Feature Development features

Product Incremental Release Planning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Incremental Release Planning Before planning a release, you need to understand scaling…

Considering Feature Scale ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],low cost moderate cost high cost ,[object Object],[object Object]

In Software Design & Development We Sometimes Take An Overly Simplistic View of Features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Look Closely At Characteristics of a Feature To Manage Its Scale ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Necessity: support the tasks the users must perform to be successful ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Flexibility: support alternative ways of completing tasks or tasks that are less frequently performed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Safety: help users perform their work without errors and protect the interests of the business paying for the system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Comfort, Performance, and Luxury: allow users to do their work more easily, complete their work faster, and enjoy their work more ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

When Planning a Software Release, Thin Software Prospective Features Using the Same Guidelines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Using Our Task Model to Identify Features that Span Our Business Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Task 7 Activity 1 smallest list of tasks to support users = smallest span time necessity

Identify Releases In a Span Plan By Slicing Horizontally ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],time optionality necessary less optional more optional activity 1 activity 2 activity 3 activity 4 first release second release third release

Sliced Span Plans ,[object Object]

Use Feature Thinning Guidelines to Reduce the Size of a Release ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Splitting Span Plan Tasks ,[object Object],[object Object],time optionality necessary less optional more optional activity 1 activity 2 activity 3 activity 4

Before You Create A Release Plan, You Need To Know A Bit About Your Development Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Use Span Planning & Feature Thinning Guidelines to Plan Small Coherent Releases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Feature Design & Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Low Fidelity UI Prototyping Lightweight Usability Testing

The Shape of a Typical Agile Iteration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],design & plan evaluate build

In Our Process Miniature, We’ll Combine Releases With Iterations Release Plan Product/Project Charter Iteration Plan Please Don’t Try This At Home Product/Project Incremental Release Evaluate Iteration Evaluate Evaluate Plan Plan Feature Design Develop Test Plan

In Our Process Miniature, We’ll Combine Releases With Iterations Release Plan Product/Project Charter Please Don’t Try This At Home Product/Project Incremental Release Evaluate Evaluate Plan Plan Feature Design Develop Test

Paper Prototyping Basics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Paper Prototyping Demonstration

Activity: Build Your First Incremental Release ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Preparing to Test Your Paper Prototype ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Run Your Usability Test ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Exercise: Test Your Paper Prototype ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Use Frequent Reflection Sessions To Adaptively Adjust Your Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],try these keep these ongoing problems

Exercise: Perform a Reflection Session On Your First Release ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],try these keep these ongoing problems

Part 3 Agile Tips For Ux Practitioners ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Part 4: Adaptation, and Thriving ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Activity: Your Second Product Release ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],design & plan evaluate build

Agile Development and Strong User Centered Design Have Worked Together For Years Now ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alias’ Lynn Miller on Agile Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Yahoo on Agile Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Parallel Track Development Separates Design and Evaluation Into One Track, Building Into Another ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],design & plan evaluate build

Design and Coded Features Pass Back and Forth Between Tracks implement iteration 1 features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],implement iteration 2 features fix iteration 1 bugs if any ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],implement iteration 3 features fix iteration 2 bugs if any ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Iteration 0 Iteration 1 Iteration 2 Iteration 3 feature design coded features feature design + bugs found in usability testing Customer Team Development Team time

Parallel Track Development Separates Design and Evaluation Into One Track, Building Into Another ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Parallel Track Development’s Most Common Smell is Reversion to Waterfall Thinking ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Elephant In The Room: Design or Requirements? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Part 4 Agile Tips For Ux Practitioners ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bringing User-Centered Design Practices into Agile Development Projects Jeff Patton Thought Works [email_address]

User Experience Words ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

User Experience Words ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

User Experience Words ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

User Experience Words ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Usability Refers To The Ability of a User To Effectively Execute A Task Using a Tool ,[object Object],Don Norman’s The Design of Everyday Things

Nielsen’s 10 Usability Heuristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Jakob Nielsen’s Usability Engineering

William’s 4 Basic Design Principles Visual Design Basics Robin Williams’ The Non-Designer’s Design Book

Good Visual Design Observes 4 Simple Principles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C R A P Contrast Repetition Alignment Proximity

Proximity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alignment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Repetition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Contrast ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

From Use Case to User Interface Jeff Patton ThoughtWorks [email_address]

Bringing User-Centered Design into Agile Projects

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