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Food Waste: Setting the Scene
Tony Cooke, Co-Founder, VEX
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Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester
Wednesday, 5th March 2014
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
4. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
Some scene setting questionsâŠ
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How is food security perceived as a global risk?
Why is food waste such an issue globally?
What are the UKâs priorities on food waste?
Who is responsible for doing something?
Where can we look for solutions?
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
5. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
About me
Academic background in sustainability, business & innovation
âą BSc(Hons) Rural Resource Management (Reading Univ)
âą MBA (Exeter Business School)
âą PhD Innovation & Entrepreneurship (Exeter Business School)
âą
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20 years âspanning boundariesâ across food, health & society
âą SMEs - agriculture, wholesale/distribution
âą Multinationals - foodservice, manufacturing, ïŹnancial services
âą Government - Defra, DH, DfE
âą NGOs - FareShare, SRA, LEAF
âą
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âą
Change agent & honest broker
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âą
Strong belief that answers can be found together
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âą
Founded VEX as a catalyst for collaborative innovation
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
7. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
1. How is food security perceived
as a global risk?
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: Global Risks Report 2014, World Economic Forum
8. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
1. How is food security perceived
as a global risk? Spatial Variability
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: Food Security Risk 2012, Maplecroft
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1. How is food security perceived
as a global risk? Link to Social Unrest
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: Food Price & Social Unrest, FAO
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1. How is food security perceived as
a global risk? Link to Water Security
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: Water Insecurity Projected onto Gridded Cartogram of Global Croplands, Hennig (2008)
11. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
1. How is food security perceived as
a global risk? Link to Population Growth
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: worldmapper.org
12. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
1. How is food security perceived as
a global risk? Link to Population Growth
âą
âą
By 2050, the world will need 60% more calories to feed
9 billion people
Cutting food loss & waste levels in half will reduce that
gap by 22% (Lipinski (WRI), 2013)
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
16. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
2. Why is food waste such an issue
globally? Developed vs Developing
kcal/capita/day of food loss/waste
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: World Resources Institute (2013)
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2. Why is food waste such an issue
globally? >50% losses occur in Asia
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: World Resources Institute (2013)
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2. Why is food waste such an issue
globally?
% of kcal lost/wasted
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: World Resources Institute (2013)
20. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
2. Why is food waste such an issue
globally? Heavy exporting by othersâŠ
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: worldmapper.org
21. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
2. Why is food waste such an issue
globally? Embedded food waste?
Largest net exporters (i.e. Asia PaciïŹc & Africa) are
regions with:
âą fastest population growth
âą highest levels of pre-consumer food waste %
!
Largest net importers (i.e. Europe, China & Japan)
are regions with:
âą slowest population growth
âą highest per capita consumer waste
âą lowest levels of pre-consumer food waste %
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
24. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
3. What are the UKâs priorities on
food waste?
Potted History!
âą 1915 - Initial goal of WI
âą 1940 - âwasting of foodâ illegal
âą 2000 - WRAP created
âą 2007 - âLove Food Hate Wasteâ
campaign launched
âą 2009 - âLFHWâ claimed
reduction of 137,000t/ÂŁ300m
âą 2009 - SoS Defra âWar on
Wasteâ
âą 2011 - 5 ïŹagship AD plants
âą 2012 - âLFHWâ claimed 21%
reduction of household waste
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: Wikipedia (2014)
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3. What are the UKâs priorities on
food waste? Household food waste
Source: The Guardian (2012)
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: WRAP (2012)
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3. What are the UKâs priorities on
food waste? The âLEAN Food Chainâ
Production
Storage/Transport
Processing
Packaging
Distribution
âMUDAâ - 7 Wastes of LEAN (Taichi Ohno, Toyota Production System)!
âą Over-production
âą Defects
âą Over-processing
âą Inventory
âą Motion
âą Waiting
âą Transportation
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Retail
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4. Who is responsible for doing
something? The âLEAN Food Chainâ
Stage
Current Challenges
Future Priorities
Production standards, uniformity, food safety
Sustainable agricultural systems
Demand forecasting
Pre/post farm gate spoilage
Faster/shorter cold chain
Monitoring esp microbial activity
Plant research into maturation/ripening
Microbial research
Engineering an advanced cold chain
Technology adoption & transfer
Production efïŹciency
New customer-centric supply chain models
Process innovation - technology & engineering
Demand management
Shelf life extension
Information & tracking systems
Consumer acceptance
Active and/or intelligent packaging technology
Consumer awareness of packaging beneïŹts
Faster/shorter cold chain
Advanced supply chain tracking systems
Flexible warehousing process
Consumer choice
Date labelling
Forecasting & inventory management
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Seasonal weather prediction - âadaptiveâ planning
Pest, disease, weed control
Precision farming techniques
Consumer engagement in food skills
CSR - retailer/consumer relationship
Optimising resource efïŹciency
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4. Who is responsible for doing
something? Systemic Challenge
Central & local government
Scientists &
Technologists
NGOs
Consumers
Educators
Entrepreneurs
Intrapreneurs
Design Thinkers
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: WRAP (2012)
35. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
5. Where can we look for solutions?
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âą
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© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Consumer behaviour is clearly of paramount importance
Pre-farm gate losses, handling & storage also key
But donât forget the main reasons for these:
âą Off-spec product
âą Demand forecasting
âą Contractual risk transfer to producers
âą Monopsony power of major retailers/manufacturers
Source: World Resources Institute (2012)
39. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
5. Where can we look for solutions?
The 3 âHypersâ - #1 Hyper-local
âą
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âą
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Most global population growth up to 2050 will be in
>1,000 new cities of <1 million people across Asia and
Africa
These regions have worst challenges with post-harvest
losses, transportation and cold chain (c. 76%)
Hyperlocal food production - urban/peri-urban farming
will be integral to future city design
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
41. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
5. Where can we look for solutions?
The 3 âHypersâ - #1 Hyper-local
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Masterplan for Taihu District, Beijing - Harvard Graduate Design School
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5. Where can we look for solutions?
The 3 âHypersâ - #1 Hyper-local
Aeroponics system - courtesy of Aero Farms Systems LLC
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
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5. Where can we look for solutions?
The 3 âHypersâ - #1 Hyper-local
Building Integrated Agriculture (BIA) - renders supplied by A&F
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
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5. Where can we look for solutions?
The 3 âHypersâ - #2 Hyper-connected
Swarm Intelligence - Technology now exists to enable millions of individuals to behave intelligently together
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
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5. Where can we look for solutions?
The 3 âHypersâ - #2 Hyper-connected
Dabawallahs of Mumbai!
Started in 1890
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5,000 Dabawallahs - all equal
shareholders, all equal earnings
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3 tiers of organisation - Council,
Supervisors and Dabawallahs
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Deliver 400,000 meals every day
from homes to workers in city
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1 error in 1 million meals
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Awarded Six Sigma & ISO9001
Frugal Innovation - Simple systems can also enable many people to behave intelligently together
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
46. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
5. Where can we look for solutions?
The 3 âHypersâ - #2 Hyper-connected
Disruptive Distribution & Retail Models - online marketplaces connecting producers & food SMEs with consumers
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
48. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
5. Where can we look for solutions?
The 3 âHypersâ - #3 Hyper-targeted
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
The Internet of Everything - micro sensors everywhere enabling swift,
targeted, personalised intelligence - aggregated & open
49. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
5. Where can we look for solutions?
The 3 âHypersâ - #3 Hyper-targeted
The Internet of Everything - more efïŹcient production & logistics,
improved demand forecasting, improved inventory management
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
50. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
5. Where can we look for solutions?
The 3 âHypersâ - #3 Hyper-targeted
The Hub of All Things!
Takes the Internet of EverythingâŠ
âŠand puts it into a marketplace.
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Will deliver personalised digital data,
consumer archetyping, multi-sided
market platform & trust broker
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âDis-intermediatorâ - e.g. enables
transfer of data directly between a
product & the producer to prompt (or
even automate) re-sale
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RCUK research project between
Universities of Cambridge, Exeter,
Warwick, Nottingham, Edinburgh &
UWE
www.hubofallthings.wordpress.com
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
52. @AntonyJCooke #foodwaste
A ïŹnal thoughtâŠ
Beyond an âindustrial paradigmâ for food?
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: Brand & Rocchi (2011), Philips Design Paper
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A ïŹnal thoughtâŠ
âŠor an âexperience paradigmâ for food?
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: Brand & Rocchi (2011), Philips Design Paper
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A ïŹnal thoughtâŠ
A âtransformation paradigmâ for food?
© 2014 VEX Ventures Limited
Source: Brand & Rocchi (2011), Philips Design Paper