Concept of agni & ama seminar

CONCEPT OF AGNI AND AMA
PRESENTER :
DR . THEJASWINI. R
1ST MD
DEPT OF KAYACHIKITSA
GAMC , MYSORE
Dr.Thejaswini.R 1

INTRODUCTION
• Ayurveda is a logical science based on basic principles.
• The science of Ayurveda not only depend upon the
symptomatology of the patient , rather it believes in a
thorough examination to find out the root cause of the ailment
in the patient.
 Concept of Agni :
 AÉiÉÑUqÉÑmÉ¢üqÉ|hÉãlÉ ÍpÉwÉeÉÉÅÅrÉÑUÉSÉuÉåuÉmÉUÏÍ¤ÉiÉurÉç; xÉirÉÉrÉÑÌwÉ
| urÉÉÍkÉ HiÉÑuÉÎalÉ-uÉrÉÉåSåWûoÉsÉxÉiuÉxÉÉiqrÉmÉëMÚüÌiÉ pÉãwÉeÉ
SåzÉÉlÉç mÉUÏ¤ÉåiÉç
||su.su.35||
Before prescribing any therapeutic procedures. Physician
should examine ayu of the patient.If he has long span then his
vyadhi , rutu , agni,
vaya,deha,bala,satva,satmya,prakruti,bheshaja and desha
should be examined to get proper therapeutic effect.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 2

• Therapeutic effect of panchakarma
depends upon the dose of the Shodhana
Oushadha.
• Each and every individuals in the world
are individually,totally different in prakriti,
dosha, ‘agni’ ,koshta and such other
factors.
• So before administering any therapeutic
procedure ,it is a must to assess the agni
of a person.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 3

 qÉ§ÉÉrÉÉ lÉ urÉuÉxjÉÉÅÎxiÉurÉÉÍkÉMüÉå¹ÇoÉsÉÇuÉrÉ:
AÉsÉÉåcrÉSåzÉMüÉsÉÉæcÉrÉÉåerÉÉ iÉ²¶ÉMüsmÉlÉÉ||
|| AH.Ka.6/12 ||
• Acharyas were aware of the limitations of
mathematical calculations concerning to the
bio-physiology,while dealing with a living
body.
• So they clearly stated that the dosage totally
depends on ‘agni’,koshta,
vyadhi,kala,bala,vaya,desha of the individual.
• So individuality must be considered .
Dr.Thejaswini.R 4

 CONCEPT OF AMA :
 Ama is a unique concept in Ayurveda.
 Impaired agni impaired digestion and metabolism
incompletely processed food components and
metabolites in the system threat to health
 It has the capacity to vitiate the doshas, thereby disturbing
the homeostasis.
 It is considered as one of the important vyadhi ghataka
responsible for the initiation of the disease process in the
body.
 Hence amaya is rightly stated for vyadhi, which denotes the
potentiality of ama.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 5
AMA

AGNI
INTRODUCTION :
• Living body is the product of nutrition.
• Dosha , dhatu and mala are the shareera dravyas whose
source is ahara dravya.
• The ingested food undergoes convertion at different
levels, till they ultimately become tissues of the body ,
which is brought about by the “ AGNI ”
Thus,
NO Agni NO Tissue Building NO Life
Hence Agni is directly proportional to Life
Dr.Thejaswini.R 7

• अग्नि is the representative of solar energy in the living
organism.
• It is reflected in the human body in a unique form which
makes all the metabolic activities possible.
• Agni manifests its power through pitta dosha.
• It is one among the 5 mahabhuthas- ‘Tejas’
 अहं वैश्वािरो भूत्वा प्राणििां देहमाश्रितः ।
प्रािापाि सम्युक्ःम ्पचामम अन्िं चःुर्विधम ्॥
॥भगवत्गीः ॥
 कायो अत्र अग्निरुच्यःे, ःस्य श्रिचककत्सा कायश्रिचककत्स
|| सु.सू 1/7
डल्हिा||
Dr.Thejaswini.R 8
KAYA AGNI

 निरुग्क्ः :
• अग्नि अग्नि गःौ (अमरकोश)
enlightens & moves
 अङ्गयग्न्ः अग्र्यं जन्म प्रापयग्न्ः इनः |श.क.द्रु|
Agni is foremost ,among that which controls our body and
responsible for the ‘janma’ (life)
 पयिया :
• वैश्वािर
• वग्नि
• वीनःहोत्र
• धिन्जय
• ज्वलि
Dr.Thejaswini.R 9

 Functions of normal अग्नि in the body :
 आयुवििो बलं स्वास््यमुत्साहोपचयौ प्रभा
ओजस्ःेजो अनिय प्रािश्चोक्ःा देहाग्निहेःुका ॥
॥Ch chi 15/3॥
All the body entities such as bala, varna,
swasthya, utsaha, upachaya, prabha, ojus,
shareera ushma(teja), deha pushthi , vruddhi
are all the functions of agni.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 10

 IMPORTANCE :
 अग्निमूलं बलं पुंसां रेःोमूलं च जीर्वःम्
ःस्माः् सवि प्रयत्िेि अग्निं च रेःं च रक्षयेः्||यो . र||
Agni and retas are the sources of strength and life .
Hence one must protect them.
 शान्ःे अनिौ मियःे ,युक्ःे श्रिचरं जीवत्यिामय ।
रोगी स्याद्र्वक्रु ःे,मूलमग्निस्ःस्माग्न्िरुच्यःे ॥
• Proper functioning of agni results in sustainace of
good health and life.
• While impraired agni causes ill health or even death.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 11

 बलमारोनयमायुश्च प्रािाश्चानिौ प्रनःग्ठिःा
अन्िपािेन्धिैश्चाग्निज्विलनः चान्यथा ||CH SU
27/342||
• If one intakes proper food , his bala,
arogya etc entities, including the
metabolism will be protected as they are
dependant upon the agni or else it
deprives.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 12

TYPES OF अग्नि : 13
कायाग्नि/जिराग्नि
धात्वग्नि-(7)
 भौनःका पंच, धात्वनिय सप्ःा, अन्िपक्ःा एक
॥Chakrapani ||
Dr.Thejaswini.R 13
भूःाग्नि-
(5)

 भूःाग्नि :
 भौमाप्यानिेयवायवया पञ्चोठमाि सिाभसा
पञ्चाहारगुिाि्स्वाि्स्वाि्पाश्रिथिवादीि् पचग्न्ः
हह।
(Ch chi 15/13,14)
• Five bhutagnis bring about paka of the 5
respective attributes (respective आहार गुि) in the
food ingredients.
• Acharya Chakrapani - this action of bhutagni on
respective aharaguna results in the production of
certain र्वमशठट गुिा’s
Dr.Thejaswini.R 14

 धात्वग्नि :
They are named accordingly, to there
Sites - 7 dhatus ( Vg )
 ये पाचकांशा धाःुस्था ःेषां मान्द्याहदःैष्ण्यः
व्रुद्श्रिध्क्षयश्च धाःूिां जायःे ….. ॥As su 19/25॥
• धात्वाग्नि’s are nothing but small & scattered
portions of जािराग्नि in dhatus.
• These agnis are responsible for the chaya &
upachaya of dhatus.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 15

 कायाग्नि/जिराग्नि :
• It is the “chief agni” in the body.
• Trividha Agni Bala :
 जिरानिेग्स्त्रधा पुरुषापेक्षक्षत्वेि उत्तम मध्यमावर भेदेि मात्रार्प,
प्रवराग्निबलापेक्षक्षिी उत्तमा, मध्यमाग्निबलापेक्षक्षिी मध्यमा,
अल्पाग्निबलापेक्षक्षिी अल्पा || Ch su 5/8 ||
Dr.Thejaswini.R 16
PRAVARA AGNI
BALA
•UTTAMA
AGNI
MADHYAMA
AGNI BALA
•MADHYAMA
•AGNI
AVARA AGNI
BALA
•ALPA AGNI

 Sthana :
पक्वामाशयोमिध्यम्
 Functions :
 चःुर्विधमन्िपािं पचनः ,
 र्ववेचयनः च दोष रस मूत्र पुरीषाणि ,
 शेषािां र्पत्त स्थािािां अिुग्रहं ||Ch su 21/10||
Dr.Thejaswini.R 17

 Pradhanyatha of Jataragni among Sarvagni’s :
 अन्िस्य पक्ःा सवेषां पक्त्रुिां आश्रिधपो मः
ःन्मूलास्ःे हह ःद् वृद्श्रिध क्षयात्मक …|| Ch chi 15/39||
Jataragni is supreme among all the other types
of agni because, all the remaining types of agni
are dependant on it.
Including the vridhi & kshaya of bhutagnis &
dhatvagnis are dependant on it.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 18

• बलभेदेि - 4
o समाग्नि
o तीक्ष्णाग्नि
o मन्दाग्नि
o विषमाग्नि
Dr.Thejaswini.R 19

 समाग्नि : Due to equilibrium of all the 3 doshas
 ःत्र समवाःर्पत्तश्लेठमिां प्रकृ नःस्थािां समा भवत्यनिय
||Ch vi 6 ||
When doshas are in balanced condition,the agni
occurs in samavastha.
 समस्ःु खल्वपचारःो र्वकृ नःमापद्यःे अिपचारस्ःु
प्राकृ ःाववनःठटःे ||Ch vi 6||
This balanced type of agni maintains the normalcy,
as long as there is no irregularities. But it gets
impaired by minor irregularities.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 20

 विषमाग्नि : Influenced predominantly by वाः
 समलक्षि र्वपरीः लक्षिस्ःु र्वषम इनः ||Cha||
It is contrary to samagni.
The function of agni may be either normal or
abnormal at times.
• Vishamagni - may result in
आध्माि, शूल, उदावःि, अनःसार, जिरगौरव, आन्त्रकू जि,
प्रवाहि (Susrutha)
Dr.Thejaswini.R 21

 तीक्ष्णाग्नि : Influenced predominantly by र्पत्त
 ःीष्णिो अग्नि सवािपचारसह ||Ch vi 6||
Capable of sustaining all types of irregularities.
 र्पत्तलािां ःु र्पत्तामभभूःे नयनन्यश्रिधठिािे ःीष्णिा
भवत्यनिय || Ch vi 6 ||
In pitta prakruthi persons when aggravated pitta
affects the site of agni it would result in tikshnagni
Dr.Thejaswini.R 22

• Acharya Susrutha states that it
produces गलताल्िोष्ठशोष ,दाह & सन्ताप.
• When it is excessively increased the
condition is called “अत्यग्नि”.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 23

मन्दाग्नि : Influenced predominantly by कफ
 ःः ्र्वपरीःलक्षिस्ःु मन्द: ||Ch vi 6||
That which gets impaired in its functioning
even with small amount of irregular food and
has opposite features to that of teekshnagni.
• मन्दाग्नि – takes long time to digest even small
amount of food and is stated to produce उदरमशरो
गौरव, कास , श्वास .
( Susrutha)
Dr.Thejaswini.R 24

 अग्नि परीक्षा :
 अग्निं जरिशक्त्या परीक्षेः ्||Ch Vi 4/8||
Strength of agni is assesed by its capacity to digest food.
 आहारमात्रा पुिरग्निबलापेक्षक्षिी ||Ch su 5/3||
Power or condition of agni determines the quantity of
food to be consumed.
 र्वषमो वाःजाि्रोगांस्ःीष्णि र्पत्तनिममत्तजाि्|
करोत्यग्निस्ःथा मन्दो र्वकाराि्कफसंभवाि्||
||Su su 35/25||
Vishamagni – vata vikaras
Teekshnagni – pittaja vikaras
Mandagni – kaphaja vikaras
Dr.Thejaswini.R 25

FUNCTIONING OF VARIOUS AGNI AT
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DIGESTION :
• अत्र जिराग्नि सविमेवाहार रस मल र्वपाकाि्पचनः।
भौनःकास्त्वनिय स्वाि ्स्वाि ्गुिाि ्जियग्न्ः ।|
उक्ःश्च जािरेिाग्नििा पूवं कृ ःे संघाःभेदे पश्चाः ्
भूःानिय पञ्च स्वं स्वं द्रवयं पचग्न्ः||
||Ch chi 15/13-14, Chakrapani||
Dr.Thejaswini.R 26

Samana vata stimulates jataragni –proper digestion
process starts
ahara rasa
Jataragni stimulates the panchabhutagni- digestion
of respective food ingredients
General circulation of Ahararasa by vyana vata
Nutrient substances are accepted by concerned
Dhathus by khale kapotha nyaya
Dhathvagnis convert these substances into poshya
dhatus (dhathus proper)
Dr.Thejaswini.R 27

 FACTORS INFLUENCING AGNI :
• Agni gets influenced by morbid doshas, season,
quality &quantity of food consumed & is dependent
on अठटर्वध आहार र्वश्रिध र्वशेषायःि.
(Ch vi
1/21)
ि अभोजिेि कायाग्नि दीपःे िानःभोजिाः ्
निररन्धिो यथा वनिे अल्पो वा अःीन्धिावृः ।
(Ch chi
15/211)
Agni has the special quality that it does not
survive in the absence of fuel (food).
Dr.Thejaswini.R 28

• अग्नि as per ॠःु &वय :
o हेमन्ः ॠःु & यौवि- agni is powerful.
o वषि ॠःु & वाधिक्य - agni is mild in nature.
(Ch su 5/3 Chakrapani)
Dr.Thejaswini.R 29

 प्रकृ नः अग्नि संबन्ध :
o Samaprakrithi Samagni
o Vata prakrithi Vishamagni
o Pitta prakrithi Teekshnagni
o Kapha prakrithi Mandagni
(Ch vi 6)
Dr.Thejaswini.R 30

अग्निवैषम्य
 Causes :
 अभोजिाः्अजीिािः्अनःभोजिाः्र्वषमाशिाः्|
असात्म्य गुरु शीः अनःरूक्ष संदुठट भोजिाः् ||
र्वरेक वमि स्िेहर्वभ्रमाः्वयाश्रिधकषििाः्|
देश काल ॠःु वैषम्याः्वेगािां च र्वधारिाः्||
(Ch chi 15/42-
44) Impaired agni is not able to
digest even the Laghu anna
Undigested food retains in intestine and attains
शुक्ःत्व (fermented/putrified)
Attains visharupa / आम
Dr.Thejaswini.R 31

 Features :
 ःस्य मलङ्गं अजीििस्य र्वठटंभ सदिं ःथा |
मशरसो रुक् च मूच््ाि च भ्रम पृठट कटीग्रह ||
जृम्भो अङ्गमदि ःृठिा च ज्वर ्हदि प्रवाहिम्|
अरोचको अर्वपाकश्च घोरं अन्िर्वषं च ःः ्||
(Ch chi 15/45,50)
Dr.Thejaswini.R 32

NEED FOR PROTECTING AGNI :
 शमप्रकोपौ दोषािां सवेषामग्निसंश्रितःौ
ःस्मादग्निं सदा रक्षयेः्निदािानि च वजियेः्||Ch chi 5/136||
Normal functioning as well as vitiation of doshas depends
upon normalcy of the agni.
Thus avoidance of nidanas responsible for its vitiation
helps keeping it balanced.
 पालयेः्प्रयत्िस्ःस्य ग्स्थःौ नयायुबिलग्स्थनः |
यो हह भुक्ःे र्वश्रिधं त्यक्त्वा ग्रहिीदोषाि्गदाि्||
(Ch chi 15/40)
One has to protect the agni, as it maintains ayu bala etc
entities. Further if a person does not follow ‘ahara vidhi
vidhana’ , he will end up in grahani dosha.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 33

CONCLUSION :
• Agni pareeksha is the most important criteria in
Ayurveda because the treatment depends on the
efficiency of patient’s digestion & assimilation. If
agni is not optimum whatever medicines given is
of no use.
• Even in swastha the role of agni is highly
emphasized for a healthy living.
युक्ःं भुक्ःवःो युक्ःो धाःुसाम्यं समं पचि ्||Cha Chi 5 ||
If the agni is in normal state and if the individual
consumes maatravat ahara, there will be proper
digestion of food, which forms ‘dhathu samyatha’.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 34

lÉÉpÉÉåeÉlÉålÉMüÉrÉÎalÉSÏïmrÉiÉålÉÉÌiÉpÉÉåeÉlÉÉiÉç
rÉjÉÉ ÌlÉËUlkÉlÉÉå uÉÌ»ûUsmÉÉåuÉÅiÉÏlkÉlÉÉuÉ×iÉ:||
ca.ci.15/211||
Acharya Charaka quoted a simile that, just as fire
gets extinguished or smothered without fuel or
with excessive fuel. Similarly the jataragni cannot
be activated by absolute fasting or over eating.
One should take proper quantity of food to keep
the agni intact.
 रोगा सवे अर्प मन्दे अनिौ ||AH ni 12/1||
Impaired agni is the route cause of all diseases.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 35

THUS,
Agni vaishamya
Improper digestion of the food
Food residue
AMA
Dr.Thejaswini.R 37

AMA
INTRODUCTION :
• Ama means the substance which remains
uncooked or improperly digested or not converted
into the suitable material for the body.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 39

ETYMOLOGY :
• AÉqÉ:
AÉqÉ =AÉ +qÉ
AÉ = Nearer
qÉ= Poison
• AqÉ+bÉgÉç
||zÉoSMüsmÉSìÓqÉ||
The word ama is derived from AqÉ+bÉgÉçmÉëirÉrÉ
• ÌlÉÂÌ£ü :
AqrÉiÉåaÉqrÉiÉåmÉYuÉÉ±jÉïqÉçCÌiÉAÉqÉÈ|
||vÉoSMüsmÉSìÓqÉ||
• Aama is the outcome of Improper digestion
• Word Meaning: Raw, Uncooked, Unripe, Immature, Undigested.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 40

 DEFINATION :
 FwqÉhÉÉåssmÉoÉsÉiuÉålÉ kÉÉiÉÑqÉÉ±ÉqÉmÉÉÍcÉiÉqÉç |
SÒ¹qÉÉqÉÉvÉrÉaÉiÉqÉç UxÉqÉÉqÉÇ mÉëcÉ¤ÉiÉå ||A.H. Su 13/25
||
Due to alpa bala of agni, adhya dhatu (rasa dhatu) is not
formed properly which is retained in amashaya is called
ama.
 AÉqÉÉzÉrÉxjÉÈ MüÉrÉÉalÉåSÉæoÉïsrÉÉSÌuÉmÉÉÍcÉiÉÈ|
AÉ± AÉWûÉU kÉÉiÉÑrÉïÈ xÉ AÉqÉ CÌiÉ MüÐÌiÉïiÉÈ || Ma.Ni 25/1||
As a result of weakness of Jatharagni located in
amashaya there is formation of avipakva ahararasa,
which is said to be ama.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 41

• AmÉcrÉqÉÉlÉÇ zÉÑ£üiuÉÇ rÉÉirÉ³ÉÇ ÌuÉwÉÂmÉiÉÉqÉç ||
Cha.Chi 15/44||
The weak action of agni resulting in immature
undigested food which is not assimilated and is
the prime cause for the diseases is termed ama.
 AÉqÉqÉ³ÉUxÉÇ MãüÍcÉiÉç, MãüÍcÉ¨ÉÑqÉsÉxÉÇcÉrÉqÉç|
mÉëjÉqÉÉÇSÉãwÉSÒÌ¹cÉ MãüÍcÉSÉqÉÇmÉëcÉ¤ÉiÉã||
||Ma.Ni25/1-5,madhukosha||
A few scholars consider apakva ahararasa as ama
while others assume ama to be the accumulation of
mala and a few others consider it as early stages of
dosha dushti (Vyadhi).
Dr.Thejaswini.R 42

Swaroopa of Ama :
AÌuÉmÉYuÉqÉxÉÇrÉÑ£üÇSÒaÉïlkÉÇoÉWÒûÌmÉÎcNûsÉqÉç
|
xÉSlÉÇxÉuÉïaÉÉ§ÉÉhÉÉqÉÉqÉCirÉÍpÉkÉÏrÉiÉã|| Ma.Ni 25 ||
• Incompletely digested substance
• Has a foul odour
• Sticky in nature
• Produces lethargy
in body
Dr.Thejaswini.R 43

 Ama Hetu:
 lÉ cÉ ZÉsÉÑ
MåüuÉsÉqÉÌiÉqÉÉ§ÉÉqÉåuÉÉWûÉUÉïÍzÉqÉÉqÉmÉëSÉåwÉMüUÍqÉcNûÎliÉ,
AÌmÉ iÉÑ ZÉsÉÑaÉÑÂ Â¤ÉzÉÏiÉzÉÑwMüÌ²¹ÌuÉ¹ÎqpÉ,
ÌuÉSÉ½zÉÑÍcÉÌuÉÂ®ÉlÉÉqÉMüÉsÉå cÉÉ³ÉmÉÉlÉÉlÉÉqÉÑmÉxÉåuÉlÉÇ MüÉqÉ
¢üÉåkÉ sÉÉåpÉ qÉÉåWåûwrÉÉï¾ûÏzÉÉåMü qÉÉlÉÉå²åaÉ
pÉrÉÉåmÉiÉmiÉqÉlÉxÉÉ uÉÉ rÉS³ÉmÉÉlÉqÉÑmÉrÉÑerÉiÉå, iÉSmrÉÉqÉqÉåuÉ
mÉëSÕwÉrÉÌiÉ ||
|| Cha.vi 2/8||
 Ahara karana:
Abhojana, Atibhojana,ajirnabhojana, Vishmasana, Asatmyabhojana,
Viruddhabhojana, Dwishta - Asuchi bhojana, Guru, Ruksa, Sita,
Sushka, Vistambhi and Vidahi bhojana.
 Vihara karanas:
Vegavidharana, jagarana, dukha shayya.
 Manasika karanas:
Food consumption while afflicted with mental instability due to
Kama, Krodha, Lobha, Moha, Irsya, Soka, Mana, Udvega, Bhaya
etc.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 44

 Shodhana vibhrama:
Faulty administration of Virecana, Vamana, Sneha
Karma.
 Anya karana:
Desa, Kala, Ritu Vaismya and Vyadhikarshana.
DIFFERENT FORMS OF AMA:(M.N 25/1-5,Madhukosha)
Dr.Thejaswini.R 45
• आमं अन्ि रसं के श्रिचः्Apakwa Anna/ Rasa roopa
Ama
• के श्रिचःु मल सन्चयमंMala Sanchaya Roopa
Ama
• प्रथम दोषं दुग्श्ःमं के श्रिचः्Prathama Doshadushti
• दुठटेभ्यो अन्यथा मूचििाः्Dosha Murchajanya Ama
• आम दोषं महा घोरं र्वश संज्िकम्Amavisha

1) Apakva Anna/rasa Roopa Ama:
A. Apakva Annaroopa Ama:
• The ingested food when improperly digested due to
durbala Jatharagni, gets accumulated in the Amashaya
is termed Āma.
• This is appropriately the “Apakva Anna Rupa Ama”.
B. Apakva Annarasa Roopa Ama:
• Improperly digested Anna Rasa does not participate in
the dhatvagni paka while remaining in Amashaya it gains
“Amatva”.
• This is known as the Apakva Annarasa Rupa Ama.
• Acharya Sushruta considers the Apakva Annarasa Rupa
Ama as the cause of Karshya and Sthaulya, as the
dhatu receive their nutrition from this Ahara Rasa.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 46

2) Mala Sanchaya Roopa Ama :
 Accumulation of Mala in the body is
termed as Ama that includes : -
• Purisha, Mootra and Sweda,
• Kha malas,
• Aparipakwa dhatus ,
• Prakupita Vata, Pitta and Kapha,
• Other factors which are harmful to body.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 47

3) Prathama Doshadushti:
• The initial state of Dosha vitiation is also called
as Ama.
• While elaborating the treatment of Amaja Sotha,
Ach.Chakrapani has explained that the Doshas
will be in apakvavastha during the first phase of
vitiation.
• Acc to Ach.Sushrutha, Prathama Dosha dushti is
‘Sanchayavastha’ . Where the Dosha gets
accumulated at their own sthana.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 48

4) Dosha Murchana janya Ama :
• The Ama, formed when the highly vitiated
Dosha interacts with each other, just as
how the toxic substance is produced from
Kodrava.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 49

5) Amavisha :
 विरुध अध्यशि अजीणण शीललिः पुिरामदोशं आमविषलमत्यचक्षते
लिषजः विषसद्रुष ललंगत्िात ्॥Cha.Vi 2/12||
• The Amadosha formed by unwholesome food habits like
Viruddhasana, Adhyasana, Ajirnasana is knwon as Amavisa.
 स दुष्टो अन्िं ि तत् पचतत लघ्िवप ।
अपच्यमािं शुक्तत्िं यात्यन्िं विषरूपताम् ॥
॥ Cha.chi 5/44॥
• Due to all these reasons the ingested hara will not get
properly digested .
• It retains in the Amashaya , gets vitiated and further
transforms into visha .
Dr.Thejaswini.R 50

• Symptomatology of Amavisha closely
resembles to that 3 conditions of food
poisoning
• They are :
Botulism
Toxic Gastro-enteritis
Infective Gastro-enteritis
Dr.Thejaswini.R 51

ROLE OF AMA IN THE PRODUCTION
OF VYADHIS :
 आहारस्य रसः शेषो यो ि पक्िो अग्नि
लाघिात्|
स मूलं सिणरोगाणां आमं इत्यलिधीयते ||M NI 25/1-5
The remnant of ahara rasa which is not digested due to
weak agni becomes the root cause of all diseases.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 52

 Ama Vyadhi Lakshana :
आलस्य तन्द्रा ह्रुदयाविशुधधः दोषप्रव्रुत्ताकालु ल मूत्रिािः |
गुरूदरत्िं अरुधच सुप्तताग्त्िः आमाग्न्ितं व्यधधं
उदाहरग्न्त || Y.R ||
Laziness, drowsy, discomfort in chest, distress, improper
urge for stools and urination, heaviness in belly , anorexia,
inactivity are the features of ama vyadhi / ama avastha.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 53

 Diseases due to Ama :
Dr.Thejaswini.R 54
ABHYANTRA ROGA
MARGA
MADHYAMA
ROGA MARGA
BAHYA ROGA MARGA
• Amajirna
• Vishtabdhajirna
• Vidagdhajirna
• Visuchika
• Vimlambika
• Alasaka
• Grahani
• Chardi
• Atisara
• Hrudroga
• Pakshaghata
• Ardita
• Amavata
• Medoroga
• Prameha
• Urustambha
• Shopha

Dr.Thejaswini.R 55
• DOSHA – DUSHYA
SAMURCHANA IN
THE PRESENCE OF
AMA
SAAMA
• PRAKRUTA AVASTHA
OF SROTAS AND
PRAKRUTA KARYA OF
SHAREERA
NIRAAMA

Sama Defination
 आमेि ःेि संपृक्ःा दोष दूठयाश्च दूर्षःा ।
साम इत्युपहदश्यन्ःे ये च रोगा ःः्उद्भवा ॥
|| Ah.hr Su 13/27||
Sama is a condition manifested due to
amalgamation of dosha & dushya with ama
resulting into formation of various kinds of
disorders.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 56

SAMA DOSHA LAKSHANA :
 स्रोःोरोधबलभ्रंश गौरवानिल मूढःा ।
आलस्यापग्क्ःनिठटीव मलसङ्गारुश्रिचक्लमा ॥
मलङ्गं मलािां सामािाम ्……………….॥
||Ah su 13 ||
Obstruction in srotas, diminution of strength,
heaviness, disturbance in the normal
movements of vata, drowsiness, indigestion,
excessive secretions from oral cavity,
obstruction for urine and stool, lack of desire
towards food, exhaustion.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 57

 Sama - Nirama Dosha Lakshana :
Dr.Thejaswini.R 58
साम तिराम
वाः र्वबन्ध , अग्निसाद , ःन्द्रा
आन्त्रकू जि,वेदिा , शोथ ,
निस्ःोद
Aggravtes with स्िेह ,
प्राः काल , मेघागम , निमश
र्वशुद , रूक्ष , निर्विबन्ध ,
अल्पवेदिा
शमि with स्िेह
र्पत्त दुगिन्ध , हरीः , श्याव, अम्ल ,
घिं ,गुरु , अम्लीका , क्ि
ह्रृद् दाह
आःाि पीः, अत्युठिं ,
कटुरस , अग्स्थर ,पक्वं ,
र्वगग्न्ध , रोचि , पाचि ,
बल्य
कफ़ आर्वल ,ःन्ःुल ,स्त्याि:
क्िोपलेप , दुगिन्ध,
क्षुधािाश , उद्गारिाश
फ़े निल , र्पग््डः , पा्डु ,
नि सार ,्ेदक , मुखशोधक

 SAMA DHATU VIKARA : (Ch Su 28)
Dr.Thejaswini.R 59
Sama
rasaja
Sama
raktaja
Sama
mamsaja
Sama
medaja
Sama asthi Sama
majja
Sama
shukra
Jwara,
Aruchi,
Anga
marda,
Pandu ,
Klaibya,
Tandra
Guda
paka,
Mukha
paka,
Rakta –
pitta,
Vata rakta,
Indra
-Lupta,
Vidradhi
Gandamala,
Mamsakeela,
Adhimamsa
Arbuda ,
Alaji ,
Upajihvika
Prameha
Nidra ,
Tandra ,
Daha ,
Ashta
nindita
purusha
Asthi shoola,
Asthi bheda,
Dantashool,
Dantabheda
Nakha
dosha
Bhrama,
Murcha,
Tamo
darshana
Klaibya,
Garbha
srava,
Aharshana

 Sama - Nirama Mala Lakshanas :
Dr.Thejaswini.R 60
साम तिराम
मूत्र इक्षुमेह,
उदकमेह etc
प्राक्रु ः मूत्र त्याग
पुरीष अप्सु अवसीधनः,
दुगिन्ध ,
र्पग्च््ल
उत्प्लवःे जले ,
लघवम् ,
पक्व मल त्याग.

 MODERN CONCEPT OF AMA
• Ama can be understood as the intermediary products of
metabolism of proteins, fats and the carbohydrates.
• Ama can be compared to unstable reactive, free radicals which
are the main causes of numerous diseases and degenerative
changes in the body.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 62

INCOMPLETE
METABOLISM
OUTCOME RESULT
Proteins Accumulation of
Uric acid
Gouty Arthritis
Carbohydrate and fat Lactic acid Myalgia,
Rheumatism
Haemoglobin Methahaemoglobin Methahaemoglobinaemia
Dr.Thejaswini.R 63

Correlation of Ama & Free Radicals
Dr.Thejaswini.R 64
PROPERTIES AMA FREE
RADICALS
DEFINITION Product of
incomplete
metabolism
It is an atom or a
molecule
containing one or
more unpaired
electron,highly
unstable and
reactive
EXOGENOUS
CAUSES
Mithya ahara and
vihara
Pollutants,
dangerous
chemicals ,
Certain types of
food products
ENDOGENOUS
CAUSES
Resultant of
mandagni
Due to deficiency
of enzymes

PRESENTING FORM Incomplete digestion
and metabolism
It contains one or more
unpaired electrons, which
requires neutralization by
free radical scavengers.
Thus it exists in an
incomplete metabolic state.
An inassimilable state
of Ama
Free radicals are
inassimilable to body
components and exist in
free state.
Foul smell of Ama Putrefication leads to foul
smell after destruction of
cells by free radicals.
Ama sticks to normal
healthy body tissues
due to its pichchilata
To seek stability in their
structure they quickly
interact with the healthy
molecules of the body thus
setting chain reaction.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 65

Site of
Formation
Agni pervades in each
and every cell of the
body.
Dhatvagnimandya in
cells lead to formation
of Ama. So it can be
formed in any part of
the body.
The production of
free radical can take
place in any cell of
the body.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 66

Disease
Production
Dhatvagni
Daurbalya
Impaired action of free
radical scavengers
Sanchaya of
Ama
Increased production of
free radicals at the site
Prasara of
Ama
Circulation of free
radicals
Sthana
samshraya at
the site of
khavaigunya
Starts reaction with the
weak cell membrane.
Production
of disease
Production of disease
Dr.Thejaswini.R 67

Dr.Thejaswini.R 68
DIET AND MANAGEMENT

 AGNI :
By following :
 Dincharya, rutucharya, ashta vidhaahara –vidhi -
visheshayatana,ahar vidhi - vidhana etc., will strengthen
the agni and thus keeps the person healthy.
 Intake of appropriate food that is good for each
constitution, which is having
 Shad rasa yukta,
 Snigdha and ushna gunas,
 Matravat ahara should be consumed.
 By understanding Agni in ones body management of
health becomes easy.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 69

 AMA :
 Katu, tikta, kashaya rasa pradhana ahara should be consumed.
 Vegetables: steamed vegetables ,Lots of greens;
No root/sweet vegetables or mushrooms
 Grains : Less wheat and oats.
Kichadi; barley, millet, rice
 Fruit: No sweet fruit.
lemon, lime, grape fruit can be taken.
 Nuts: None, some pumpkin seeds
 Dairy: None. No bread/ pastries
Goats' milk is slightly astringent and is less Kapha forming
 Meat: No shellfish, fish, fats, red meat, pork, eggs
 Oils: None.
Ghee can be taken in small quantities or mustard oil
 Sweeteners: None.
Sugar is ama forming.
Honey can be taken (2 tsp/day).
 Drinks: Ginger, cinnamon, cardamom , fennelDr.Thejaswini.R 70

Conclusion :
• Ama is formed due to ‘mandagni’.
• It may impair the mechanism of the GI
system.
• Also hampers the homeostasis of dosha,
dhatu, mala.
• Severity of a disease is understood
through the theory of free radicals in the
contemporary science , while in Ayurveda
it is understood by the concept of Ama.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 71

• Perhaps , we can conclude that the concept of
Ama which forms the pathological basis of
Ayurveda , is the original source of the free
radical theory, which is the future parameter to
measure the depth of the pathology.
Dr.Thejaswini.R 72

Concept of agni & ama seminar

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