This slide explains about major objectives of highway planning and surveys need to be done before developing a Highway.

1. HIGHWAY PLANNING

2.  Roads and Highways play a vital role in development of
human society. But for every successful project planning
is necessary. From a small road to big structure and
highways planning is the first and foremost thing need to
be done.
 Planning becomes more important when sources of
funds and materials are limited in quantity. These types of
problems especially occur in developing countries.
 Thus, for developing a highway or a structure, planning
along with the consultations from experts are basic
requirements.

3. OBJECTIVES OF HIGHWAY PLANNING-
1. A highway should be plan according to the
volume of daily traffic flow from a particular path.
For this purpose proper survey must be done to
collect the adequate amount of data.
2. The highways develop must be efficient, but at a
minimum cost, especially in cases of developing
and underdeveloped countries.
3. The highways should be safe and secure.
4. The planning must have a forecast for next
several years in order plan fix periods for
maintenance, renewal and widening as well.

4. WHAT TYPE OF DATA IS COLLECTED AND
HOW?
 Before developing a highway, a number of surveys
are done at various sites to collect data. There are
various types of surveys-
1. Traffic Data- This data is beneficial for the best
utilized type of road (MDR, NH, SH) to be created
on the path. This includes traffic volume survey,
origin destination survey, vehicles damage surveys
(vdf) etc.

5. 2. Social Data – While constructing a highway, many
shops and houses got affected or damaged. Thus,
a social survey is done along road side, town
villages and shops. The surveyors collect data
about villagers and have discussions about the
project and ask for cooperation during the years for
construction.
 In small town or villages there are limited sources
for people to live. For example a village could have
only a well, a hand pump, or a small river as a
source of water. For construction at such places
alternate water recourses must be found. This type
of data can only be found from various discussions
with villagers.

6. 3. Environment Data- Environment is another
important factor which must be taken under
consideration before planning a highway.
 A report regarding affecting number of trees, flora
and fauna near construction sites, pollutants
increased during construction in air and water must
be prepared and submitted to environment ministry
to get the green signal for development.

7. 4. Roads Inventory and condition surveys- Under this
survey condition of pavement and structures
(bridges and culverts) along the road are taken.
 If the condition structures are poor, they need to be
reconstructed.
 If conditions are fair, they are widened or repaired.
 If conditions are good they are retained.

8. THANK YOU