Project 2 Construction Solutions Taylor's University by Tan Wen Hao

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) IN ARCHITECTURE
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512]
Assignment 2 – Construction Solutions
Name: Tan Wen Hao
Student ID: 0319923
Tutor: Mr. Rizal

2. Table of content
1.0 Introduction to studio design project
2.0 Precedent studies
2.0.1 Façade design 1
2.0.2 Façade design 2
2.0.3 Roof system
2.0.4 Structural system
2.0.5 Flooring system
3.0 Façade design scheme proposals
3.0.1 Façade proposal 1
3.0.2 Façade proposal 2
4.0 Sectional Perspectives
4.0.1 Ground floor to first floor
4.0.2 Third floor to roof
5.0 References
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
13
14
15

3. 1.0 Introduction to studio design project
Project title: Community Library
Project type: Urban Infill
Total floor area: ~1200m2
Location: Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, KL
Number of storey: 4
Plot ratio: 1:3
Introduction to project
The project calls for design proposal for a community library in Jalan TAR. A
community library in this context is a “place that provides public with access to
books and periodicals acts as social meeting grounds for an urban/suburban
community”. The library is to consider the following: Programmatic Response, Formal
Response, Public/Private Realms, Society & Culture. The proposed library serves as a
landmark around the area as Jalan TAR has been serving as major circulation route
from Chow Kit to Masjid Jamek and city center. The design is looking at a contextual
“placemaking” approach including functions and spaces that benefits the
community.
Design statement
The urban grid of the neighbourhood is rather dense and less negative spaces can
be identified. Lacking of green spaces has been an Issue to the site and therefore,
the library is set to serve as a breathable space that attract users to stop and carries
out social activities and study to gather the fragmentation of the area and act as a
contact point.
Design features of library
Breathability can be seen in three aspects of the library: material, transparency and
visual connection.
Material: The building emphasizes on lightweight metal such as metal grid panel,
steel bar and contextual elements such as wooden louvers
Transparency: Design elements that took consideration of visual permeability so that
users can get a hint of what’s going on around the building.
Visual Connection: Design that enhances visual continuity from front to back, in and
out, up and down, and not limiting to eye coverage.
Site location
Spatial planning

4. 2.0 Precedent studies
2.0.1 Façade design 1
Twisting textile facade
Advantages:
1.Curvature of fins is at own control.
2. Adjustable and façade can be dynamic
3.Transparency which allows shadow casting on the fabric
4. Lightweight and not visual “heavy” to the building
5. Fabric bars can be rotated creating different varied closeness
or transparency.
6. Good acoustic performance and fire-rated
Disadvantages:
1. High maintenance as dirt and debris easily
collected on the fabric
2. high humidity (tropical climate) leads to grow of moss
3. Decrese in performance in long exposion of sun
and frequent rain (weathering) in Malaysia.
Reason of choice:
The transparency in fabrics aids in shadow playing of trees which will
be planted in the proposed reading area. The area serves as a
theatre as well, therefore the façade can act as a projection
screen. Since the fabric is transparent, the projection can be seen at
two sides of façade, attracting people from outside to notice, as an
“lightbox”. When façade meets rain, the fabric lowers impact on
sound transmission and they sounds good on rain.
Another reason of choosing textile is due to a contextual approach.
Jalan TAR is famous for its textile trading and production therefore
the building act as a representation of the street.
Pavilion and Workshops for Nature Concert Hall
| Gauja National Park, Sigulda, Latvia
The site is a grassland in a national park, by DJA architects, The concert hall seeks to
unify space, light, music, nature, etc. For this reason it is wrapped in such a light,
transparent façade, which defines the space without enclosing it.
The elevations of the pavilion serves as a screen for video and light projections. The
structure of the pavilion is made in a way to reduce the amount of points touching the
protected biotope meadow.
Materials:
Structural metal frame ETFE Fabric
Wooden distancers Fabic fasteners
Steel cable
Construction method and details:
The metal frame is first welded and set in
place according to the design with
cable bracing. Fabric bars are
manufacted individually and fixed with
fabric fastenings on both sides. Next,
each of them is placed wooden
distancer that is pre-installed in the metal
bars.
Modular design Light projection at night

5. 2.0.2 Façade design 2 Expanded metal mesh corridor facade
Roses IES Cap Norfeu| Roses, Spain
Advantages:
1. accentuate lightness of the building
2. provide both solar heat protection while still allowing natural light
and air to filter through
3. Good acoustic performance between envelop, acting as buffer
zone, suitable in institutional architecture
4. Create semi shade while maintaining visual and airflows
5. Great flexibility in design and final appearance, modular
6. Allow buildings to maintain a connection with their context without
losing individual expressions in form, color or texture
7. Provide enough open area to reduce or negate the requirement
for artificial mechanical ventilation
Disadvantages:
1. Added costs for maintenance and time-to-time cleaning process 2.
Cleaned from within the air corridor or must be accessed from within
the building where the dimension of the air corridor is insufficient
3. increased initial cost of construction and space consumption, not
cost-effective.
4. Embodied energy of this kind of façade is higher than single
façade
Reason of choice:
The proposed library heavily emphasise breathability, in terms of
ventilation and visual connection. Corridor façade is the best option
of balancing the two and in addition providing good acoustic
performance which plays an essential part of a design consideration
of a library. The façade is able to add lightness to the building, avoid
it being to “heavy” or out-of-place.
The project involves an enlargement of the school complex in the site's north region
with two small buildings on the ground floor that surround one of the existing buildings
in operation. The shape of the classroom container follows the formal language of the
existing building, and act as the “light box” sits on top of a solid base, not being heavy
to site. The exterior lattice of the façade that allows light to filter through while provide
privacy to a formal function- classroom.
Materials:
-Mesh cladding panel - Bracing bars
-Metal frame -Aluminum grate flooring
-Double-glazed curtain wall
Construction method and details:
Internal glass panel is first set in place,
followed by the installation of the overall
metal frame with horizontal division
(aluminium grate) installed on flooring
supoort. Mesh panel is then inddividually
being fixed to the frame according to
designer’s vision, each panels comes
with horizontal bracing.
Transparency of mesh Aluminum grate flooring

6. 2.0.3 Roof system Polycarbonate Multiwall roof
Koscon Industrial Headquarters| Chandigarh, India
Advantages:
1. Provides good thermal insulation and excellent optical and
mechanical properties, blocks UV radiation
2. The panels slot together simply and effectively with the aid of
specific polycarbonate profiles
3. Consistently reliable in water repelling
4. Good fire property, do not release toxic fume in contact with fire
and have great defense over natural hazard (high impact strength)
5. Highly flexible in contemporary design and installation
6. Lightweight, 16% the weight of standard glass and 34% the weight
of acrylic sheets
7. Provide enough open area to reduce or negate the requirement
for artificial mechanical ventilation
Disadvantages:
1. Require time to time cleaning to get rid of dust and dead leaves
collected on surface
2. High initial cost
Reason of choice:
This type of roof will be installed in reading and study area of the
library where the metal bars plays a big part in enhancing poetic
quality of shadow, and penetrates sunlight into the space in more
than 80%. The polycarbonate sheet also have a good property in
thermal insulation, giving transparency and blocking heat off at the
same time.
The building uses the BDL polycarbonate sheet for glazed roofing, comprises an
engineered multiwall panel in extruded polycarbonate, held together by steel
framing and aluminium bars, forming a poetic shadow casting as intended by
the architect.
Materials:
-Multiwall Polycarbonate sheet
-Round aluminum tube
-I beams and girders)
Construction method and details:
The size of steel framing is first constructed upon client’s request with
aluminium tubes fixed in place. The panels are then slot together with
the aid of specific polycarbonate profiles, depending on their
interlocking system. Where required by the project's structural load,
these can be upgraded to aluminum or steel profiles.
Section of sheet
Interlocking system

7. 2.0.4 Structural system Hybrid masonry structural system (Type IIb)
Garden Hills Elementary School
|Champaign, Illinois, USA
Advantages:
1. The wall system resembles infill masonry in terms of confinement in
the steel, yet differs in that it is grouted and reinforced, allowing for a
more ductile response
2. Hybrid masonry has the promise to be highly competitive with
conventional lateral force resisting systems including reinforced
masonry or concrete shear walls
3. Construction is not as heavy as vertical reinforcement only needs to
be doweled to concrete slab, tie-down is not required
4. Simplifies construction of multi-story building, especially small-scales
commercial projects like this
5. Constructability of masonry with frame improved, lateral stiffness
increased, redundancy is improved
Disadvantages:
1. Still in development stage and not many precedent cases
2. Need special inspection
3. Higher construction cost
4. Masonry breakout of anchors and shear loading of anchors to be
the likely failure mechanism of masonry when a through bolt is
installed near an edge
Reason of choice:
type of structural system is suitable for a site in an urban infill, being a
rather “light” structural system. The structural component are above
ground, only floor slab is needed for foundation. Only vertical
reinforcements are needed, either drilled or casted, for tension forces
because it only transfers shear force.
Hybrid masonry is a structural system that utilizes reinforced masonry to brace framed
structure. The masonry infill can be concrete masonry units, reinforced clay brick, or
even reinforced ACC, and frames can be reinforced concrete or structural steel. The
basic concept is to attach a reinforced concrete masonry panel to a structural steel
frame such that some combination of gravity forces, story shears and overturning
moments can be transferred to the masonry.
Materials:
-steel framing -Fuse and side plates
-dowel (lap splices) -galvanized wire anchors
-concrete masonry panels -backer rods and sealent
Construction method and details:
The steel framing structure is first constructed, followed by the masonry
wall, which is constructed within the plane of the framing. Type II wall
have soft joints at the columns and masonry are built tight at the top
the wall. The wall system is built floor by floor, with ground floor
anchored to the floor slab.

8. Footing on ground level
2.0.5 flooring system
Composite steel floor deck
Advantages:
1. Superior corrosion protection with guaranteed minimum
yield strength
2. Lighter and stronger than most conventional slabs,
provides flexible reinforcement, combined with the
comprehensive strength of the concrete, for an all-round
stronger slab.
3. Inhibit any longitudinal slip between the steel and
concrete in the slab itself, and any transverse movement
between the slab and the supporting beams.
4. Decking is transported to site in pre-cut lengths, easily
craned into specific work area
5. Formwork is minimal, speedy erection. When slab is being
poured, the progress is not hindered in other areas e.g. the
floors above.
Disadvantages:
1. Due to overload on decking formwork, super-flat floor
requirements may be unattainable
2. Fireproofing of steel members is required
3. In the long term, painting of surfaces can become a
maintenance expense
4. slightly costly as compared to traditional post and beam
structure
Reason of choice:
Its collaboration with the hybrid masonry structure,
moeover, this type of flooring is most suitable in urban infill
because of its lightweight and not embodied energy.
Steel deck
Materials:
-cast-in-place concrete
-stud connector
-welded wire reinforcing mesh
-steel profiled sheeting
-beams and girder
-connection angles and bolts
-end cap

9. 3.0 Façade design scheme proposals
3.0.1 Façade proposal 1
Front elevation
Scale 1:100

10. Rear elevation
Scale 1:100

11. 3.0.2 Façade proposal 2
Front elevation
Scale 1:100

12. Rear elevation
Scale 1:100

13. 4.0 Sectional perspectives
4.0.1 Ground floor to first floor
Scale 1:40
Ground floor plan
RHS bracing
Pad footing
Wooden distancer
Reinforced
Masonry panel
Steel connectors with
slotted holes
Steel Beam
Thru-bolt
Composite steel
decking
Dowel (drill or cast)
Concrete slab
Horizontal joint
reinforcement
Steel column
ETFE Fabric
strip
Natural powder
float concrete floor

14. 4.0.1 First floor to roof
Scale 1:40
Third floor plan
Polycarbonate roof
with RHS purlins
Polycarbonate board
Aluminum tubing
Column to beam
detail
Expended
mesh panel
Grate floor beam
to facade column
Base plate
Metal safety
grating
C” purlin
Steel beam
Single cleat
gutter
Two & four way
spider fittings
Composite steel deck
8mm Clear Blue Low
E Coating Glass

15. 5.0 References
Façade design
1. Pavilion and Workshops for Nature Concert Hall / DJA. (2014, August 16). Retrieved June 18, 2017, from
http://www.archdaily.com/537479/pavilion-and-workshops-for-nature-concert-hall-dja
2. M. (2017, February 21). Archelectic: Nature Concert Hall – Modelo – Medium. Retrieved June 18, 2017, from
https://medium.com/@Modelo/archelectic-nature-concert-hall-b864ed0c9414
3. Roses IES Cap Norfeu Extension / Javier de las Heras Solé Bosch Tarrús Arquitectes. (2012, March 27). Retrieved June 17, 2017, from
http://www.archdaily.com/220818/roses-ies-cap-norfeu-extension-javier-de-las-heras-sole-%25e2%2580%258bbosch-tarrus-arquitectes
4. IES cap norfeu extension by javier de las heras sole bosch tarrus arquitectes. (2013, October 09). Retrieved June 17, 2017, from
http://www.designboom.com/architecture/ies-cap-norfeu-extension-by-javier-de-las-heras-sole-bosch-tarrus-arquitectes-10-09-2013/
5. Buildings with perforated metal facades. (n.d.). Retrieved June 17, 2017, from https://www.dezeen.com/tag/perforated-metal-facades/
Roof system
1. BDL. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2017, from http://www.koscon.com/en/prodotti.php?id=System&sub_id=45
2. Www.thatweb.co, T. W. (n.d.). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Polycarbonate Roofing26 May 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2017,
from http://www.morganasphalte.co.uk/news/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-polycarbonate-roofing/
Structural system
1. Ouyang, Y. (n.d.). Theoretical study of hybrid masonry. doi:10.5353/th_b5016259
2. Scott Conwell, FAIA, Director at International Masonry Institute Follow. (2012, June 12). Benefits of Building With Masonry. Retrieved June
19, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/smconwell/benefits-of-building-with-masonry-13297591
3. Hybrid Masonry Connections and Through-Bolts. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2017, from http://www.structuremag.org/?p=9919
Flooring system
1. DETAILS OF STEEL FRAMING. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2017, from http://slideplayer.com/slide/9426208/
2. The Advantages of Steel Decking as provided by Metaldeck. (2017, June 02). Retrieved June 19, 2017, from
https://www.raisedfloor.co.uk/the-advantages-of-steel-decking/
others
1. T. C. (2011). LEARNING FROM THE SINGAPORE SHOPHOUSE: TOWARDS A ... Retrieved June 20, 2017, from
http://www.bing.com/cr?IG=6BF73272DCAC4F12BE2AB3299FBFA8FF&CID=06238E62E24D65903A0F84CBE34B64F0&rd=1&h=HBhw2--
B6AHxLSli8ZDP5jAGa7.TdqrN3tuOmLgcdXo&v=.ufl.edu%2fUF%2fE0%2f04%2f38%2f63%2f00001%2fGUAN_T.pdf&p=DevEx,5061.1