This is the medical knowledge needed to understand PNA 2 promomaterial

1. Pediatrician Medical Knowledge
Readiness
Scientific Affairs – Sylvia Aziz
Cycle Meeting December 2016
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2. By the End of this Training You should be able to :
• Define IDA in infants and its 'complications
• Understand Sepsis , Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Nosocomial infections
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3. IDA in infants and its 'complications
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4. Anemia in Children
About one in seven children develop anemia by
age 2, most often because they don’t have
enough iron in their diet. People who have iron-
deficiency anemia may feel the urge to eat
inappropriate things like dirt, clay, ice, or
starch, a behavior called pica. Pediatricians
test all children for anemia at 12 months.
Without treatment, a severe case of anemia
could permanently affect brain development.
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5. Infant development
• Iron-deficiency anemia for infants in their earlier stages of
development may have greater consequences than it
does for adults.
• An infant made severely iron-deficient during its earlier life
cannot recover to normal iron levels even with iron
therapy. In contrast, iron deficiency during later stages of
development can be compensated with sufficient iron
supplements.
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6. • Iron-deficiency anemia affects neurological development
by decreasing learning ability, altering motor functions,
and permanently reducing the number of dopamine
receptors and serotonin levels.
• Iron deficiency during development can lead to reduced
myelination of the spinal cord, as well as a change in
myelin composition.
• Additionally, iron-deficiency anemia has a negative effect
on physical growth.
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Infant development

7. • . Growth hormone secretion is related to serum transferrin
levels, suggesting a positive correlation between iron-
transferrin levels and an increase in height and weight.
This is also linked to pica, as it can be a cause.
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Infant development

8. Iron deficiency
• Deficiency develops in stages. In the first stage, iron
requirement exceeds intake, causing progressive
depletion of bone marrow iron stores.
• As stores decrease, absorption of dietary iron increases
in compensation.
• During later stages, deficiency impairs RBC synthesis,
ultimately causing anemia.
• Severe and prolonged iron deficiency also may cause
dysfunction of iron-containing cellular enzymes.
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9. Definition of Anemia by Hb level
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10. Sepsis , Necrotizing Enterocolitis and
Nosocomial infections
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11. 11

12. 12

13. 13
Necrotizing
Entercolitis

14. 14
Nosocomial
Infections