4. VARIATIONS OF PLACENTA
LARGER & HEAVIER: Placenta is larger and
heavier than normal placenta
SMALLER & LIGHTER: Placenta is smaller
and lighter than normal placenta
LARGER NORMAL SMALLER
5. VARIATIONS OF PLACENTA
SYPHILITIC PLACENTA: Abnormally large,
pale and yellow grey placenta
EDEMATOUS PLACENTA: Mushy, thick and
pale and fluid can be squeezed from it.
6. VARIATIONS OF PLACENTA
PLACENTA SUCCENTURIATE: Presence of
one or more small lobes of placenta, size of a
cotyledon, placed at varying distance from main
placenta margin. And the lobes
has communicating blood vessels.
PLACENTA SPURIA: Presence of one or more
small lobes of placenta, size of a cotyledon, placed
at varying distance from main placenta margin.
And the lobes doesn’t have communicating blood
vessels.
7. VARIATIONS OF PLACENTA
PLACENTA EXTRACHORIALIS: Presence of thick
hite ring on fetal surface of placenta which gives the
impression that the central portion is somewhat
depressed.
It is of two types-
a. CIRCUMVALLATE:
The white ring is situated at a variable
distance between margin and centre of
placenta.
b. MARGINATE or CIRCUM MARGINATE:
The white ring is located at the margin of
placenta.
9. VARIATIONS OF PLACENTA
LOBULATED PLACENTA: Presence of multiple
placenta or one placenta divided into two or more
parts either completely separated or joined for a
single baby. Its type is based on the number of
placenta or its division.
a. BIPARTITE: Two divisions
b. TRIPARTITE: Three divisions
10. VARIATIONS OF PLACENTA
BATTLEDORE PLACENTA: Umbilical cord is
inserted at the margin of placenta.
VELAMENTOUS PLACENTA: Umbilical cord
is inserted into membranes at a varying distance
from placenta.
11. VARIATIONS OF PLACENTA
INFARCTED PLACENTA: Infarction of
cotyledons of placenta due to reduced blood
supply.
TUMOUR OF PLACENTA: Presence of tumour
in placenta
12. VARIATIONS OF PLACENTA
HEMATOMA OF PLACENTA: Presence of
hematoma in placenta.
CYST OF PLACENTA: Presence of cyst in
placenta.
13. VARIATIONS OF PLACENTA
PLACENTA CRETA:Placenta invades beyond the
level of decidua mostly due to absence of Nitabuch’s
membrane. Based on the depth of invasion , it is of three
types-
PLACENTA ACCRETA: Placenta attaches to uterine wall
but not too deeply to myometrium.
PLACENTA INCRETA: Placenta attaches too deeply to the
myometrium.
PLACENTA PERCRETA: Placenta not only attaches too
deeply into uterus but also invades another organ like
bladder.
14. VARIATIONS OF PLACENTA
PLACENTA MEMBRANACEA: Placenta is
unduly large and thin.
PLACENTA PRAEVIA: Placenta is implanted
partially or completely over lower uterine segment
adjacent to or internal os.
18. Contd......
iv.
v.
2. Fill in the blanks:
i. Presence of one or more lobes of placenta placed at varying distance from
placental margin without communicating vessel is called as _________.
ii. ________ limits further invasion of trophoblast into uterine wall.
iii. Placenta implanted partially or completely over lower uterine segment on
internal os is called as ________.
iv. Presence of white thick ring on margin of fetal surface of placenta is called as
___________.
v. Umbilical cord is inserted at the margin of placenta is called as ________.
19. ANSWER KEY
1. Identify the type of placental variation:
i.
Placenta Creta
ii.
Velamentous Placenta
iii. Circumvallate Placenta
20. iv. Placenta Succenturiate
v. Tripartite Placenta
2. Fill in the blanks:
i. Presence of one or more lobes of placenta placed at varying distance from
placental margin without communicating vessel is called as placenta spuria.
ii. Nitabuch’s membrane limits further invasion of trophoblast into uterine wall.
iii. Placenta implanted partially or completely over lower uterine segment on
internal os is called as Placenta praevia.
iv. Presence of white thick ring on margin of fetal surface of placenta is called as
Placenta marginata.
v. Umbilical cord is inserted at the margin of placenta is called as Battledore
Placenta.
Hinweis der Redaktion
Nitabuch’s membrane is a fibrinoid deposit outside the syncitiotrophoblast and limits further invasion of trophoblast into uterine wall.