3. *TRANSLATION
THE PATHWAY OF PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS IS CALLED
TRANSLATION BECAUSE THE
LANGUAGE OF NUCLEOTIDE
SEQUENCE ON mRNA IS
TRANSLATED IN TO THE
LANGUAGE OF AMINO ACID
SEQUENCE.
THE PROCESS OF
TRANSLATION REQUIRES A
GENETIC CODE, THROUGH
WHICH THE INFO CONTAINED
IN THE NUCLEIC ACID
SEQUENCE IS EXPRESSED TO
PRODUCE A SPECIFIC
SEQUENCE OF AMINO ACID.
4. *
SET OF RULES BY
WHICH
INFORMATION
ENCODED WITHIN
GENETIC MATERIAL
IS TRANSLATED INTO
PROTEINS.
TERM GIVEN BY
GEORGE GAMOW.
7. *
*ONE CODON CODES FOR ONLY
ONE AMINO ACID.
*EXAMPLE: AUG CODES FOR
METHIONINE.
8. *
*THE CODE IS NEARLY UNIVERSAL.
*AUG – METHIONINE
*AUG -- VALINE
*FOR EXAMPLE: FROM BACTERIA
TO HUMANS UUU WOULD CODE
FOR PHENYLALANINE ( phe ).
9. *
*THE GENETIC CODE IS
CONTINOUS AND DOES NOT
POSSESS PAUSES AFTER THE
TRIPLETS.
*IF A NUCLEOTIDE IS ADDED OR
DELETED, THE WHOLE GENETIC
CODE WILL READ DIFFERENTLY.
10. THERE ARE 64
POSSIBLE
COMBINATIONS OF 3
LETTER NUCLEOTIDE
SEQUENCES .
61 REPRESENTS AMINO
ACIDS AND 3 ARE STOP
CODONS.
NIRENBERG AND HAR
GOBIND KHORANA
PREPARED THE
GENETIC CODON
TABLE FOR VARIOUS
AMINO ACID.
12. *
*SOME AMINO ACIDS MAY BE INFLUENCED
BY MORE THAN ONE CODON.
*AMINO ACIDS ARE SPECIFIED BY TWO TO
SIX CODONS.
*EXAMPLE: phe – UUU, UUC
*Arginine- CGU,CGC,CGA,AGA,AGG.
*DEGENERACY RESULTS THERE ARE MORE
CODONS TO ENCODE 20 AMINO ACIDS.
16. *
*ACCORDING TO THIS HYPOTHESIS,
ONLY THE FIRST TWO BASES OF THE
CODON HAVE A PRECISE PAIRING WITH
THE BASES OF THE ANTICODON OF
mRNA WHILE THE PAIRING BETWEEN
THE THIRD BASES OF CODON AND
ANTICODON MAY WOBBLE(NON-
SPECIFIC).
17. Nucleotide
at 5' end of
anticodon
Nucleotide
at 3' end of
anticodon
G U or C
C G
A U
U A or G
I (indosine) A, U or C