Classroom Presentation on Waste Management.

1. Waste Management
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2. About
• All of us generate waste everyday.
Waste comes from our homes, schools,
colleges, markets, industries, agriculture
and commercial places.
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3. • Where do we throw all the garbage?
It is thrown into the garbage bins kept at
different places by the municipal
authorities. Garbage from the bins is
collected and carried by trucks to a distant
place for disposal.
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4. Waste
• Any material which cannot be used in
the form in which it is produced
is called a Waste.
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5. • It is no longer needed by us because it has
lost its value. If it is thrown around, it can
cause soil, air or water pollution. It also
poses a serious threat to normal life, plants,
animals and human beings.
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Contd
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6. Any material which is not needed by the owner,
producer or processor.
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7. Classification of Waste
• Domestic waste
• Factory waste
• E-waste
• Construction waste
• Agricultural waste
• Food processing waste
• Bio-medical waste
• Nuclear waste
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8. Classification of Waste
• Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste,
household waste etc.
• E-waste- discarded electronic devices like
computer, TV, music systems etc.
• Liquid waste- water used for different
industries e.g. tanneries, distilleries, thermal
power plants
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9. • Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets
etc.
• Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal
scraps etc.
• Nuclear waste- unused materials from
nuclear power plants
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Contd
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10. Types of waste on the
basis of their physical
state
1) Solid waste
2) Liquid waste
3) Gaseous waste
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11. Garbage
• Solid waste is commonly called Garbage. It
includes only non-liquid wastes generated
from households and other commercial
places.
• Waste includes all the three types of wastes
whereas garbage includes only solid wastes.
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12. Types of waste on the
basis of degradability
• Biodegradable wastes
• Non–Biodegradable wastes
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13. Biodegradable wastes are those waste which
can be decomposed by the microorganisms
into simpler substances. If it is handled in the
proper way it causes no harm.
• Some examples are:
1. Peel and cutting of fruits and vegetables
2. Cow dung
3. Plant residue and agriculture waste
This type of waste can be recycled by making
vermi compost or for preparing biogas. 13
Biodegradable Wastes

14. Non- biodegradable
Wastes
• Non-biodegradable wastes are those which
cannot be decomposed by the
microorganisms into simpler substances.
Such types of waste is a matter of serious
concern for all of us & if it is not handled
properly, causes pollution.
Some examples are:
1. Plastic bags
2. Buckets
3. Plates
4. Glass
5. Metal scrap 14

15. Recycling Waste
• One method of reducing the amount of
waste to be thrown away is to recycle it.
• It involves the collection and then
processing of the waste to make new useful
products
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16. Types of wastes on the
basis of their effects on
Human Health
• Hazardous wastes
Substances unsafe to use commercially,
industrially, agriculturally, or economically
that are shipped, transported to or brought
from the country of origin for dumping or
disposal
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17. Non-hazardous
• Substances safe to use commercially,
industrially, agriculturally, or economically
that are shipped, transported or brought
from the country of origin for dumping or
disposal
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18. Sources of Wastes
Agriculture
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19. Fisheries
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20. Households
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21. Commerce and Industry
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22. Managing Waste
Recycling: Processing of a waste item into
usable forms.
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23. Benefits of recycling:
- Reduce environmental degradation
- Making money out of waste
- Save energy that would have gone into waste
handling & product manufacture
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24. Saving through recycling:
- When all is melted- considerable saving in
cost
- Making paper from waste saves 50% energy
- Every tone of recycled glass saves energy
equivalent to 100 litter's of oil
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25. Recycling is not a solution to managing every
kind of waste material
For many items recycling technologies are
unavailable or unsafe
In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.
Recycling not a solution
to all problems!
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26. • Reduce Waste
- Reduce office paper waste by implementing a
formal policy to duplex all draft reports and by
making training manuals and personnel
information available electronically.
- Improve product design to use less materials.
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27. - Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material
while maintaining strength
- Work with customers to design and implement a
packaging return program
- Switch to reusable transport containers
- Purchase products in bulk
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Contd
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28. Reuse
- Reuse corrugated moving boxes internally
- Reuse office furniture and supplies, such
as interoffice envelopes, file folders, and
paper
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29. -Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins,
dishes, cups, and glasses
-Use incoming packaging materials for
outgoing shipments
-Encourage employees to reuse office
materials rather than purchase new ones
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Contd
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30. Donate/Exchange
- Old books
- Old clothes
- Old computers
- Excess building materials
- Old equipment to local organizations
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31. Employee Education
-Develop an “office recycling procedures”
packet
-Send out recycling reminders to all
employees including environmental articles
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32. - Train employees on recycling practices
prior to implementing recycling programs
- Conduct an ongoing training process as new
technologies are introduced and new
employees join the institution
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Contd
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33. - Education campaign on waste management
that includes an extensive internal web site,
quarterly newsletters, daily bulletins,
promotional signs and helpful reference
labels within the campus of an institution
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Contd
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34. Preventing Waste
- Packaging waste reductions and changes in
the manufacturing process
- Use biodegradable materials
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35. Solution: More Profit
With Zero Waste
• Exchanging output that are considered
waste
• Waste of one could be input or raw material
for others
• Evolving a closed system- matter & energy
circulate within
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36. EFFECTS OF WASTE IF
NOT MANAGED WISELY
• Affects our health
• Affects our socio-economic conditions
• Affects our coastal and marine environment
• Affects our climate
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37. EFFECTS OF WASTE…
• GHGs are accumulating in Earth’s
atmosphere as a result of human activities,
causing global mean surface air
temperature and subsurface ocean
temperature to rise
• Rising global temperatures are expected to
raise sea levels and change precipitation
and other local climate conditions
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38. • Changing regional climates could alter
forests, crop yields, and water supplies
• This could also affect human health,
animals, and many types of ecosystems
• Deserts might expand into existing
rangelands, and features of some of our
national parks might be permanently
altered
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Contd
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39. • Some countries are expected to become
warmer, although sulphates might limit
warming in some areas.
• Whether rainfall increases or decreases
cannot be reliably projected for specific
areas.
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Contd
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40. Management of
Hazardous Wastes
• Prevention and minimization of Hazardous
Wastes
• Promoting Institutional capacities in
managing
• Promoting International Cooperation in
trans boundary shipment
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41. Basal Convention
• Underworld trade in the export of
hazardous wastes in late 1980’s
Developed Developing
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42. • UN’s decision to intervene and device a
treaty:
-To set global rules for control of trade on
Hazardous wastes
• Convention requires environmentally sound
disposal
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Contd
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43. Basel Convention failed to give way to
Bamako convention
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44. After Basel, Africans realized that we would
have to take the responsibility for
protecting our own continent as it was clear
that many industrialized nations were
unwilling to help us do so.
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45. Thank You!
Ms. Megha Gupta
Ms. Rashi Walia
Mr. Sijin Varghese
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