The Arts and Crafts movement emerged in reaction to the Industrial Revolution and Victorian culture. Artists and designers sought to return to handcrafted, high-quality designs and reject mass production. The Prairie School was influenced by these ideals and focused on horizontal lines, hipped roofs, craftsmanship, and integrating buildings into the landscape. Frank Lloyd Wright was a leading proponent, designing homes like the Winslow House and Bradley House that featured these characteristics. Both movements promoted natural materials and simplicity over ornamentation.

1. Arts and craft movement
and Prairie style
oKASTURIACHARYA
oPRACHI BANDODKAR
oSIDDHESH BHAINDARKAR
oBHAKTI BISWAS

2. WHY DID ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT
TAKE PLACE?
REACTIONTO :
• EXCESSIVEVICTORIAN CULTURE
• FACTORYWORK ( INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION)

3. VICTORIAN STYLE (1837-1901)
• THIS STYLE CAN BE DEFINITELY CONSIDEREDTO BETHE FIRSTTREND,
WHICH BEGANTO DEVELOP INDUSTRIAL DESIGN.
• INCLUDED NOT ONLY DESIGN BUT ALSO HAD A BIG INFLUENCE ONTHE
ARCHITECTURE.
• ITWAS A PERIOD OF GREATTRANSFORMATION

4. • DISTINGUISHED BYTHE SEVERITY OFTHE NUMEROUS ORNAMENTS
AND FORM
• ARTIFICIAL POMPOSITY OF ORNAMENTS, DECORATIONS
• LACK OF CONSISTENCY OF STYLE AND QUALITY
• APPLICATION OF NEW MATERIAL
VICTORIAN STYLE FEATURES

5. WALLPAPER
FURNITURE

7. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• Improvement to steam engine.
1. Brought machinery
2. Transportation.
3. Mass production

10. BEFORE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• PERFECT SKILLS
• PROPER CRAFTSMANSHIP
• QUALITY FINAL GOODS

11. NEGATIVE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
• BAD QUALITY GOODS
• DECREASE OF CRAFTSMANSHIP
1. In graphic art field, the loss of professional book craftsman had a
detrimental effect on print and type design.

12. EXHIBITION
• English spearheaded prince Albert organized a showcase for all de
achievements from industrial revolution
• It was hosted in London ( GREAT EXHIBITION OFTHEWORKS OF
INDUSTRY OF ALL NATION)
• Centre piece – glass enclosed steel beam supported structure.

14. • England and other number of invited countries displayed their work under
four categories
1. Machines
2. Fine arts
3. Materials
4. Manufacturers
• Popular success
• Bad critic review.

16. THE GRAMMAR ORNAMENT
• IN 1856, in response to failing of crystal plaza, to better understand
ornamentation was answered by OWEN JONES
• Published an exhaustive inventory of international and historical decorative
styles, printed in colorful lithographs.
• The book included 20 sections of illustrated motifs and Jones’s 37
propositions on what makes good design.

18. Two examples:
• PROPOSITION 5 : construction should be
decorated. Decoration should never be
purposely constructed.
• PROPOSTION 37 : No improvement can take
place in the Art of the present generation until all
classes, artists, manufacturers and the public are
better educated in art and the existence of
general principles is more fully recognized.

19. JOHN RUSKIN
1819 - 1900
• Born to wealth, he was an author, poet and
critic.
• He theorized that industrial revolution was
cause of division of labors monotony and
main reason for poor’s unhappiness.

20. WILLIAM MORRIS
(1843 – 1896)
• A POET AND ARTIST.
• HE BEILEVED :
1. INDUSTRIAL REVEOLUTION IS REDUCING
SKILLS OF CRAFTSMAN
2. LOW QUALITY GOODS IN FACTORY
MANUFACTURING

21. The Arts & Crafts Movement spurned the Machine Age
and looked to Nature for idealistic inspiration.
Book Cover by William Morris
Pre-Raphaelite painters such as Frank
Cowper were closely associated with the
Art & Craft Movement.
The Shakers were a religious
movement that made furniture
noted for it’s beautiful
simplicity.

22. PRE-RAPHELITE
• The name Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood referred to the groups’ opposition to the Royal
Academy’s promotion of the Renaissance master Raphael.
• They were also in revolt also against the triviality of the immensely popular genre painting
of time.
• Inspired by the theories of John Ruskin, who urged artists to ‘go to nature’, they believed in
an art of serious subjects treated with maximum realism.
• Their principal themes were initially religious, but they also used subjects from literature
and poetry, particularly those dealing with love and death.
• They also explored modern social problems.
• Its principal members were William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, and Dante Gabriel
Rossetti.
• After initial heavy opposition the Pre-Raphaelites became highly influential, with a second
phase of the movement from about 1860, inspired particularly by the work of Rossetti,
making major contribution to symbolism.

23. WALLPAPER
FURNITURE STAINED GLASS PAINTING

24. HANCRAFTED
WALLPAPERS

25. FURNITURE

26. STAINED
GLASSES

27. ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT
• REACTED AGAINST MASS PRODUCTION.
1. LOW QUALITY
2. DEMEANING CONDITION
• BEGAN IN LATE 1800’S , ENGLAND
• SPREADEDTO UNITED STATES IN EARLY 20’S

28. • IDEALISTICALLYTRIEDTO JOIN ART AND INDUSTRY.
• INTHE GRAPHIC ARTS FIELD SMALL PRIVATE PRESSES, FORMING
UNDER A MODEL CREATED BYWILLIAM MORRIS, REAWAKENED FINE
PRINTING.
• WHILE ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT IS NOT CONSIDERED ATRUE
ARCHITECTURAL MOVEMENT, THE ARTS AND CRAFTS COTTAGE WAS A
FORERUNEER OF A MACHINE FOR LIVING.

29. ARTS AND CRAFTS COTTAGE
• EMULATE MEDIVALTHATCHED HUTS.
• WERE COZY BUNGALOWS MADE FROM NATURAL MATERIALS. (WOOD,STONE
AND STUCCO)
• DOORS COVERED WITHWIDE EAVES
• PROCHES WITHTHICK COLUMNS
• OPEN FLOOR PLANS
• STAINED GLASS
• DARKWOOD MOULDING

31. With the advent of Photography, Impressionism turned away
from realism, exploring visual impression.
Claude Monet “Soleil Levant”
Van Gogh “Starry Night”

32. THE RED HOUSE
• COMMISSIONED BY MORRIS, PHILIPWEB BUILTTHE RED HOUSE AT BEXLEY HEATH IN
KENT.
THE HOUSEWASTO REPRESENTA PROTESTAGAINST INDUSTRIALISM THROUGH ITS:
• INFORMALITY
• ABSENCE OF DECORATION
• SIMPLEVERNACULAR
• THE EMPHASIS ON BASIC FORM,
• SOUND MATERIALSAND GOOD CRAFTSMANSHIP

34. INTERNATIONAL LONDON EXHIBITION
• 1862 was a world event on a mass-scale. Thousands of objects from 36 different countries
were displayed together to represent the best of the raw, crafted and manufactured.
• This art and industry of the cutting-edge was staged in a specially designed site in South
Kensington, London.
• Larger in size, scope and scale than the 1851 Great Exhibition, 1862 was nevertheless
judged a flop and failed to establish a lasting legacy like that of its predecessor.
• The building consisted of a main structure with two adjoining wings set at right angles for
machinery and agricultural equipment; the wings were demolished after the Exhibition. Its
main facade alongCromwell Road was 1152 feet (351 m) in length, and ornamented by two
crystal domes, each of which was 260 feet (79 m) high.

36. PRAIRIE STYLE

37. Need for Prairie Style
• The catastrophe of the Chicago fire of 1871 AD demanded a sudden need for
re development of the city.
• This summoned various young architects like Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd
Wright to the World’s Columbian Exposition.
• This venture marked new grounds for beginning of the Prairie School.

38. Evolution of Prairie style
• This style was influenced by the arts and crafts movement- carrying the
legacy of hand drafting and craftsmanship with minimal ornamentation.
• The generalize concept ran on – form follows function.
• This style was basically compatible as per the surrounding and climatology.

39. Influence on F LWright
Louis SullivanCharles Follen MckimJoseph Layman Silsbee

40. Prairie School Houses
• They were related to the Arts and Crafts movement and were an alternative
to the Classical Revival Style
• It was influenced by idealistic Romantics .
• The Architects were influenced by the ideas of minimalism and “form
follows the function.

41. Classic Revival Style
Identification
•Full height entry porch
•Symmetrically aligned doors and windows
•Front porch with columns.

42. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
• Frank Lloyd Wright promoted the concept of organic architecture.
• He was a leader of the Prairie School architectural movement.
• He developed the concept of the Usonian home later on.

43. • He evolved from being a draftsman to an genuine architect.
• F LWright broke the contract by getting engaged in the individual
structures for which he had to resign.
• With both Sullivan and Corwin gone,Wright moved into the newly
completed Steinway Hall Building in 1894.
• The space was shared with Robert C. Spencer, Jr., Myron Hunt, Dwight H.
Perkins, and Perkins’ apprentice Marion Mahony.
• These young architects, inspired by the philosophies of Louis Sullivan and
the Arts and Crafts Movement, formed what would eventually become
known as the Prairie School

44. 1892
• Allison
Harlen
House
1893
• William
H.
Winslow
House
1900
• B Harley
Bradley
House
1900
• Warren
Hickox
House
1901
• Frank
Thomas
House
1901
• WardW
Willits
House
Feb
1901
• Ladies
Home
Journal
July
1901
• Ladies
Home
Journal
1903
• Edwin H
Cheney
House

45. Features of Prairie Style
• Horizontal lines.
• Flat or hipped roofs with broad eaves.
•Windows assembled in horizontal bands.
• Craftsmanship.
•Restraint in the use of decoration.
•Integration of building with the surroundings.

47. C. ROBIE HOUSE

48. WILLIAMWINSLOW HOUSE

50. B. BRADLEY HARLEY HOUSE

51. EDWIN H CHENEY HOUSE

52. FRANKTHOMAS HOUSE

53. WILLIAMWINSLOW HOUSE

54. GUTTER DETAIL STAIRCASE DETAIL

55. INSIDE WILLIAM WINSLOW HOUSE

56. WILLIAM HICKOX HOUSE

57. EDWIN H. CHENEY HOUSE

58. FALLING WATER

59. Floor Plans

60. Guest House Plans

62. Analysis and Critics
• F LWright and his designs were ahead of time.
• Different styles of houses for different people.
• Structure should harmonize with the surrounding.
• Leakages in the building
• Improper use of concrete as building material.
• Structural and aesthetic balance.

63. ART NOUVEAU (1880-1910)
• ART NOUVEAU WAS A CONCERTED ATTEMPT TO CREATE AN
INTERNATIONAL STYLE BASED ON DECORATION.
• THE ART NOUVEAU WAS A PROTEST AND NOT THE
FOUNDATION FROM WHICH 20TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE
WAS FORMED.

64. THE FAVORITE ORNAMENTAL MOTIVE OF ART NOUVEAU WERE
THE CURVES FOUND IN:
• NATURAL FORMS OF PLANTS
• THE SEA
• FLOWING HAIR
THE NEW EXPRESSION WAS FOUND EVERYWHERE:
• LAMPS
• FURNITURE
• POSTERS AND DRAWINGS
• FABRICS
• TYPE FACES &TRINKETS

65. PAINTING
POSTER
FURNITURE

66. THANKYOU

67. Usonian house
Usonian house features
• Low cost construction.
• Grid plans.
• Exposed brick, concrete, wood components.
• Radiant heat system.

68. CHARLES T. COOK HOUSE
Plan by Charles Follen Mckim
ROBERT TEMOND HOUSE
Plan by F LWright