Eye catching HTML BASICS tips: Learn easily

HTML BasicsHTML Basics
HTML,Text, Images,Tables
Shabab ShihanShabab Shihan
shababshihan.comshababshihan.com

Table of Contents
1. Introduction to HTML
 How the Web Works?
 What is a Web Page?
 My First HTML Page
 Basic Tags: Hyperlinks, Images, Formatting
 Headings and Paragraphs
1. HTML in Details
 The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
 The <head> Section: Title, Meta, Script, Style
2

Table of Contents (2)
2. HTML in Details
 The <body> Section
 Text Styling and Formatting Tags
 Hyperlinks: <a>, Hyperlinks and Sections
 Images: <img>
 Lists: <ol>, <ul> and <dl>
 The <div> and <span> elements
 HTML Tables
 HTML Forms
3

How the Web Works?
 WWW use classical client / server architecture
 HTTP is text-based request-response protocol
44
Client runningClient running
a Web Browsera Web Browser
Server runningServer running
Web ServerWeb Server
Software (IIS,Software (IIS,
Apache, etc.)Apache, etc.)
ServerServer
responseresponse
HTTPHTTP
HTTPHTTP

What is a Web Page?
 Web pages are text files containing HTML
 HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language
 A notation for describing
 document structure (semantic markup)
 formatting (presentation markup)
 Looks (looked?) like:
 A Microsoft Word document
 The markup tags provide information about
the page content structure
5

Creating HTML Pages
 An HTML file must have an .htm or .html file
extension
 HTML files can be created with text editors:
 NotePad, NotePad ++, PSPad
 Or HTML editors (WYSIWYG Editors):
 Microsoft FrontPage
 Macromedia Dreamweaver
 Netscape Composer
 Microsoft Word
 Visual Studio
6

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Portfolio site: www.shababshihan.com
For hire me create your website: http://bit.ly/1GTFk5b

HTML Structure
 HTML is comprised of “elements” and “tags”
 Begins with <html> and ends with </html>
 Elements (tags) are nested one inside another:
 Tags have attributes:
 HTML describes structure using two main sections:
<head> and <body>
9
<html> <head></head> <body></body> </html><html> <head></head> <body></body> </html>
<img src="logo.jpg" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.jpg" alt="logo" />

HTML Code Formatting
 The HTML source code should be formatted to
increase readability and facilitate debugging.
 Every block element should start on a new line.
 Every nested (block) element should be indented.
 Browsers ignore multiple whitespaces in the page
source, so formatting is harmless.
 For performance reasons, formatting can be
sacrificed
10

First HTML Page
11
<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html><html>
<head><head>
<title>My First HTML Page</title><title>My First HTML Page</title>
</head></head>
<body><body>
<p>This is some text...</p><p>This is some text...</p>
</body></body>
</html></html>
test.htmltest.html

<html><html>
<head><head>
</head></head>
<body><body>
</body></body>
</html></html>
First HTML Page: Tags
12
OpeningOpening
tagtag
Closing tagClosing tag
An HTML element consists of an opening tag, a closing tag
and the content inside.

<html><html>
<head><head>
</head></head>
<body><body>
</body></body>
</html></html>
First HTML Page: Header
13
HTMLHTML
headerheader

<html><html>
<head><head>
</head></head>
<body><body>
</body></body>
</html></html>
First HTML Page: Body
14
HTML bodyHTML body

Some Simple Tags
 Hyperlink Tags
 Image Tags
 Text formatting tags
15
<a href="http://www.shababshihan.com/"<a href="http://www.shababshihan.com/"
title="Telerik">Link to shihsn Web site</a>title="Telerik">Link to shihsn Web site</a>
<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />
This text is <em>emphasized.</em>This text is <em>emphasized.</em>
<br />new line<br /><br />new line<br />
This one is <strong>more emphasized.</strong>This one is <strong>more emphasized.</strong>

Some Simple Tags – Example
16
<html><html>
<head><head>
<title>Simple Tags Demo</title><title>Simple Tags Demo</title>
</head></head>
<body><body>
<a href="http://www.shababshihan.com/" title=<a href="http://www.shababshihan.com/" title=
"Telerik site">This is a link.</a>"Telerik site">This is a link.</a>
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.
</body></body>
</html></html>
some-tags.htmlsome-tags.html

Some Simple Tags – Example
(2)
17
<html><html>
<head><head>
<title>Simple Tags Demo</title><title>Simple Tags Demo</title>
</head></head>
<body><body>
<a href="http://www. shababshihancom/" title=<a href="http://www. shababshihancom/" title=
““shihan site">This is a link.</a>shihan site">This is a link.</a>
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.
</body></body>
</html></html>
some-tags.htmlsome-tags.html

Tags Attributes Tags can have attributes
 Attributes specify properties and behavior
 Example:
 Few attributes can apply to every element:
 id, style, class, title
 The id is unique in the document
 Content of title attribute is displayed as hint when the
element is hovered with the mouse
 Some elements have obligatory attributes
18
AttributeAttribute altalt with valuewith value
""logologo""

Headings and Paragraphs
 Heading Tags (h1 – h6)
 Paragraph Tags
 Sections: div and span
19
<p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my first paragraph</p>
<p>This is my second paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p>
<h1>Heading 1</h1><h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h2>Sub heading 2</h2>
<div style="background: skyblue;"><div style="background: skyblue;">
This is a div</div>This is a div</div>

Headings and Paragraphs –
Example
20
<html><html>
<head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head><head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head>
<body><body>
<div style="background:skyblue"><div style="background:skyblue">
</body></body>
</html></html>
headings.htmlheadings.html

<html><html>
<head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head><head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head>
<body><body>
<div style="background:skyblue"><div style="background:skyblue">
</body></body>
</html></html>
Headings and Paragraphs –
Example (2)
21
headings.htmlheadings.html

HTML Document Structure in Depth

Preface
 It is important to have the correct vision and
attitude towards HTML
 HTML is only about structure, not appearance
 Browsers tolerate invalid HTML code and parse
errors – you should not.
23

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
 HTML documents must start with a document type
definition (DTD)
 It tells web browsers what type is the served code
 Possible versions: HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0
(Transitional or Strict), XHTML 1.1, HTML 5
 Example:
 See http://w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html for a list
of possible doctypes
24
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

HTML vs. XHTML
 XHTML is more strict than HTML
 Tags and attribute names must be in lowercase
 All tags must be closed (<br/>, <img/>) while HTML
allows <br> and <img> and implies missing closing tags
(<p>par1 <p>par2)
 XHTML allows only one root <html> element (HTML
allows more than one)
25

XHTML vs. HTML (2)
 Many element attributes are deprecated in
XHTML, most are moved to CSS
 Attribute minimization is forbidden, e.g.
 Note: Web browsers load XHTML faster than
HTML and valid code faster than invalid!
26
<input type="checkbox" checked><input type="checkbox" checked>
<input type="checkbox" checked="checked" /><input type="checkbox" checked="checked" />

The <head> Section
 Contains information that doesn’t show directly on
the viewable page
 Starts after the <!doctype> declaration
 Begins with <head> and ends with </head>
 Contains mandatory single <title> tag
 Can contain some other tags, e.g.
 <meta>
 <script>
 <style>
 <!–- comments -->
27

<head> Section: <title> tag
 Title should be placed between <head> and
</head> tags
 Used to specify a title in the window title bar
 Search engines and people rely on titles
28
<title><title>shihanshihan Academy – Winter Season 2014/2015Academy – Winter Season 2014/2015
</title></title>

<head> Section: <meta>
 Meta tags additionally describe the content
contained within the page
29
<meta name="description" content="HTML<meta name="description" content="HTML
tutorial" />tutorial" />
<meta name="keywords" content="html, web<meta name="keywords" content="html, web
design, styles" />design, styles" />
<meta name="author" content="Chris Brewer" /><meta name="author" content="Chris Brewer" />
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;
url=http://www.shababshihan.com" />url=http://www.shababshihan.com" />

<head> Section: <script>
 The <script> element is used to embed
scripts into an HTML document
 Script are executed in the client's Web browser
 Scripts can live in the <head> and in the <body>
sections
 Supported client-side scripting languages:
 JavaScript (it is not Java!)
 VBScript
 JScript
30

The <script> Tag – Example
31
<html><html>
<head><head>
<title>JavaScript Example</title><title>JavaScript Example</title>
<script type="text/javascript"><script type="text/javascript">
function sayHello() {function sayHello() {
document.write("<p>Hello World!</p>");document.write("<p>Hello World!</p>");
}}
</script></script>
</head></head>
<body><body>
<script type=<script type=
"text/javascript">"text/javascript">
sayHello();sayHello();
</script></script>
</body></body>
</html></html>
scripts-example.htmlscripts-example.html

<head> Section: <style>
 The <style> element embeds formatting
information (CSS styles) into an HTML page
32
<html><html>
<head><head>
<style type="text/css"><style type="text/css">
p { font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; }p { font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; }
p:first-letter { font-size: 200%; }p:first-letter { font-size: 200%; }
span { text-transform: uppercase; }span { text-transform: uppercase; }
</style></style>
</head></head>
<body><body>
<p>Styles demo.<br /><p>Styles demo.<br />
<span>Test uppercase</span>.<span>Test uppercase</span>.
</p></p>
</body></body>
</html></html>
style-example.htmlstyle-example.html

Comments:  Tag
 Comments can exist anywhere between the
<html></html> tags
 Comments start with 
33
<!–- Shihan Logo (a JPG file) --><!–- Shihan Logo (a JPG file) -->
<img src="logo.jpg" alt=“Shihan Logo"><img src="logo.jpg" alt=“Shihan Logo">
<!–- Hyperlink to the web site --><!–- Hyperlink to the web site -->
<a href="http://shababshihan.com/">Shihan</a><a href="http://shababshihan.com/">Shihan</a>
<!–- Show the news table --><!–- Show the news table -->
<table class="newstable"><table class="newstable">
......

<body> Section:
Introduction The <body> section describes the viewable portion
of the page
 Starts after the <head> </head> section
 Begins with <body> and ends with </body>
34
<html><html>
<head><title>Test page</title></head><head><title>Test page</title></head>
<body><body>

</body></body>
</html></html>

Text FormattingText Formatting
 Text formatting tags modify the text between the
opening tag and the closing tag
 Ex. <b>Hello</b> makes “Hello” bold
35

Text Formatting – Example
36
<html><html>
<head><head>
<title>Page Title</title><title>Page Title</title>
</head></head>
<body><body>
<h1>Notice</h1><h1>Notice</h1>
<p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p><p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p>
<p><pre>Next paragraph:<p><pre>Next paragraph:
preformatted.</pre></p>preformatted.</pre></p>
<h2>More Info</h2><h2>More Info</h2>
<p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br /><p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />
Next line.</p>Next line.</p>
</body></body>
</html></html>
text-formatting.htmltext-formatting.html

Text Formatting – Example (2)
37
<html><html>
<head><head>
<title>Page Title</title><title>Page Title</title>
</head></head>
<body><body>
<h1>Notice</h1><h1>Notice</h1>
<p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p><p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p>
<p><pre>Next paragraph:<p><pre>Next paragraph:
preformatted.</pre></p>preformatted.</pre></p>
<h2>More Info</h2><h2>More Info</h2>
<p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br /><p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />
Next line.</p>Next line.</p>
</body></body>
</html></html>
text-formatting.htmltext-formatting.html

Hyperlinks: <a> Tag
 Link to a document called form.html on the same
server in the same directory:
 Link to a document called parent.html on the
same server in the parent directory:
 Link to a document called cat.html on the same
server in the subdirectory stuff:
38
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a><a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a>
<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a>
<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a>

Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (2)
 Link to an external Web site:
 Always use a full URL, including "http://", not
just "www.somesite.com"
 Using the target="_blank" attribute opens the
link in a new window
 Link to an e-mail address:
39
<a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a><a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a>
<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug+Report"><a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug+Report">
Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>

Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (3) Link to a document called apply-now.html
 On the same server, in same directory
 Using an image as a link button:
 Link to a document called index.html
 On the same server, in the subdirectory english of
the parent directory:
40
<a href="apply-now.html"><img<a href="apply-now.html"><img
src="apply-now-button.jpg" /></a>src="apply-now-button.jpg" /></a>
<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to
English version</a>English version</a>

Hyperlinks and Sections
 Link to another location in the same document:
 Link to a specific location in another document:
41
<a href="#section1">Go to Introduction</a><a href="#section1">Go to Introduction</a>
......
<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2><h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>
<a href="chapter3.html#section3.1.1">Go to Section<a href="chapter3.html#section3.1.1">Go to Section
3.1.1</a>3.1.1</a>
<!–- In chapter3.html --><!–- In chapter3.html -->
......
<div id="section3.1.1"><div id="section3.1.1">
<h3>3.1.1. Technical Background</h3><h3>3.1.1. Technical Background</h3>
</div></div>

Hyperlinks – Example
42
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br />
<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br />
<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br />
<br /><br />
<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug
Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>
<br /><br />
<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg”<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg”
/></a> <br />/></a> <br />
<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English
version</a> <br />version</a> <br />
hyperlinks.htmlhyperlinks.html

<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br />
<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br />
<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br />
<br /><br />
<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug
Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>
<br /><br />
<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg”<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg”
/></a> <br />/></a> <br />
<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English
version</a> <br />version</a> <br />
hyperlinks.htmlhyperlinks.html
Hyperlinks – Example (2)
43

Links to the Same Document –
Example
44
<h1>Table of Contents</h1><h1>Table of Contents</h1>
<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br />
<a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br />
<a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />
...the rest of the table of contents......the rest of the table of contents...

... Section 1 follows here ...... Section 1 follows here ...
<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2><h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>
<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3><h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>
... Section 2.1 follows here ...... Section 2.1 follows here ...
links-to-same-document.htmllinks-to-same-document.html

Links to the Same Document –
Example (2)
45
<h1>Table of Contents</h1><h1>Table of Contents</h1>
<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br />
<a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br />
<a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />
...the rest of the table of contents......the rest of the table of contents...

<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2><h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>
<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3><h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>
... Section 2.1 follows here ...... Section 2.1 follows here ...
links-to-same-document.htmllinks-to-same-document.html

 Inserting an image withInserting an image with <img><img> tag:tag:
 Image attributes:Image attributes:
 Example:Example:
Images:Images: <img><img> tagtag
srcsrc Location of image fileLocation of image file (relative or absolute)(relative or absolute)
altalt Substitute text for displaySubstitute text for display (e.g. in text mode)(e.g. in text mode)
heightheight Number of pixels of the heightNumber of pixels of the height
widthwidth Number of pixels of the widthNumber of pixels of the width
borderborder Size of border, 0 for no borderSize of border, 0 for no border
<img src="/img/basd-logo.png"><img src="/img/basd-logo.png">
<img src="./php.png" alt="PHP Logo" /><img src="./php.png" alt="PHP Logo" />
46

Miscellaneous Tags
 <hr />: Draws a horizontal rule (line):
 <center></center>: Deprecated!
 <font></font>: Deprecated!
47
<hr size="5" width="70%" /><hr size="5" width="70%" />
<center>Hello World!</center><center>Hello World!</center>
<font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font><font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font>
<font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font><font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font>

Miscellaneous Tags –
Example
48
<html><html>
<head><head>
<title>Miscellaneous Tags Example</title><title>Miscellaneous Tags Example</title>
</head></head>
<body><body>
<hr size="5" width="70%" /><hr size="5" width="70%" />
<center>Hello World!</center><center>Hello World!</center>
<font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font><font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font>
<font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font><font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font>
</body></body>
</html></html>
misc.htmlmisc.html

a. Apple
b. Orange
c. Grapefruit
Ordered Lists: <ol> Tag Create an OOrdered LList using <ol></ol>:
 Attribute values for type are 1, A, a, I, or i
49
1. Apple
2. Orange
3. Grapefruit
A. Apple
B. Orange
C. Grapefruit
I. Apple
II. Orange
III. Grapefruit
i. Apple
ii. Orange
iii. Grapefruit
<ol type="1"><ol type="1">
<li>Apple</li><li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li><li>Orange</li>
<li>Grapefruit</li><li>Grapefruit</li>
</ol></ol>

Unordered Lists: <ul> Tag Create an UUnordered LList using <ul></ul>:
 Attribute values for type are:
 disc, circle or square
50
• Apple
• Orange
• Pear
o Apple
o Orange
o Pear
 Apple
 Orange
 Pear
<ul type="disk"><ul type="disk">
</ul></ul>

Definition lists: <dl> tag
 Create definition lists using <dl>
 Pairs of text and associated definition; text is in
<dt> tag, definition in <dd> tag
 Renders without bullets
 Definition is indented
51
<dl><dl>
<dt>HTML</dt><dt>HTML</dt>
<dd>A markup language …</dd><dd>A markup language …</dd>
<dt>CSS</dt><dt>CSS</dt>
<dd>Language used to …</dd><dd>Language used to …</dd>
</dl></dl>

Lists – Example
52
<ol type="1"><ol type="1">
</ol></ol>
<ul type="disc"><ul type="disc">
</ul></ul>
<dl><dl>
<dt>HTML</dt><dt>HTML</dt>
<dd>A markup lang…</dd><dd>A markup lang…</dd>
</dl></dl>
lists.htmllists.html

HTML SpecialHTML Special
CharactersCharacters
££££British PoundBritish Pound
€€€€EuroEuro
""""Quotation MarkQuotation Mark
¥¥¥¥Japanese YenJapanese Yen
————Em DashEm Dash
  Non-breaking SpaceNon-breaking Space
&&&&AmpersandAmpersand
>>>>Greater ThanGreater Than
<<<<Less ThanLess Than
™™™™Trademark SignTrademark Sign
®®®®Registered Trademark SignRegistered Trademark Sign
©©©©Copyright SignCopyright Sign
SymbolSymbol
HTMLHTML
EntityEntity
Symbol NameSymbol Name
53

Special Characters –
Example
54
<p>[>>  Welcome<p>[>>  Welcome
  <<]</p>  <<]</p>
<p>►I have following cards:<p>►I have following cards:
A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>
<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫
music ♫</p>music ♫</p>
<p>© 2006 by Shihan Shabab & his<p>© 2006 by Shihan Shabab & his
team</p>team</p>
<p>Shihan Academy™</p><p>Shihan Academy™</p>
special-chars.htmlspecial-chars.html

Special Chars – Example (2)
55
<p>[>>  Welcome<p>[>>  Welcome
  <<]</p>  <<]</p>
<p>►I have following cards:<p>►I have following cards:
A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>
<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫
music ♫</p>music ♫</p>
<p>© 2006 by Shihan Shabab & his<p>© 2006 by Shihan Shabab & his
team</p>team</p>
<p>Shihan Academy™</p><p>Shihan Academy™</p>
special-chars.htmlspecial-chars.html

Block and Inline Elements
 Block elements add a line break before and
after them
 <div> is a block element
 Other block elements are <table>, <hr>,
headings, lists, <p> and etc.
 Inline elements don’t break the text before
and after them
 <span> is an inline element
 Most HTML elements are inline, e.g. <a>
57

The <div> Tag
 <div> creates logical divisions within a page
 Block style element
 Used with CSS
 Example:
58
<div style="font-size:24px; color:red">DIV<div style="font-size:24px; color:red">DIV
example</div>example</div>
<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-
weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>
div-and-span.htmldiv-and-span.html

The <span> Tag
 Inline style element
 Useful for modifying a specific portion of text
 Don't create a separate area
(paragraph) in the document
 Very useful with CSS
59
<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-
weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>
<p>This one is another <span style="font-size:32px;<p>This one is another <span style="font-size:32px;
font-weight:bold">TEST</span>.</p>font-weight:bold">TEST</span>.</p>
span.htmlspan.html

HTML Tables
 Tables represent tabular data
 A table consists of one or several rows
 Each row has one or more columns
 Tables comprised of several core tags: <table></table>: begin / end the table
<tr></tr>: create a table row
<td></td>: create tabular data (cell)
 Tables should not be used for layout. Use CSS floats and positioning styles
instead
61

HTML Tables (2)
 Start and end of a table
 Start and end of a row
 Start and end of a cell in a row
62
<table> ... </table><table> ... </table>
<tr> ... </tr><tr> ... </tr>
<td> ... </td><td> ... </td>

Simple HTML Tables –
Example
63
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
<tr><tr>
<td><img src="ppt.gif"></td><td><img src="ppt.gif"></td>
<td><a href="lecture1.ppt">Lecture 1</a></td><td><a href="lecture1.ppt">Lecture 1</a></td>
</tr></tr>
<tr><tr>
</tr></tr>
<tr><tr>
<td><img src="zip.gif"></td><td><img src="zip.gif"></td>
<td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip"><td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip">
Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td>Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td>
</tr></tr>
</table></table>

<tr><tr>
</tr></tr>
<tr><tr>
</tr></tr>
<tr><tr>
<td><img src="zip.gif"></td><td><img src="zip.gif"></td>
<td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip"><td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip">
Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td>Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td>
</tr></tr>
</table></table>
Simple HTML Tables – Example
(2)
64

Complete HTML Tables
 Table rows split into three semantic sections:
header, body and footer
 <thead> denotes table header and contains <th>
elements, instead of <td> elements
 <tbody> denotes collection of table rows that
contain the very data
 <tfoot> denotes table footer but comes BEFORE
the <tbody> tag
 <colgroup> and <col> define columns (most
often used to set column widths)
65

Complete HTML Table: Example
66
<table><table>
<colgroup><colgroup>
<col style="width:100px" /><col /><col style="width:100px" /><col />
</colgroup></colgroup>
<thead><thead>
<tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr><tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr>
</thead></thead>
<tfoot><tfoot>
<tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr><tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr>
</tfoot></tfoot>
<tbody><tbody>
<tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr><tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr>
</tbody></tbody>
</table></table>
headerheader
footerfooter
Last comes the bodyLast comes the body
(data)(data)
thth
columnscolumns

<table><table>
<colgroup><colgroup>
<col style="width:200px" /><col /><col style="width:200px" /><col />
</colgroup></colgroup>
<thead><thead>
<tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr><tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr>
</thead></thead>
<tfoot><tfoot>
<tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr><tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr>
</tfoot></tfoot>
<tbody><tbody>
</tbody></tbody>
</table></table>
Complete HTML Table:
Example (2)
67
table-full.htmltable-full.html
Although the footer isAlthough the footer is
before the data in thebefore the data in the
code, it is displayedcode, it is displayed
lastlast
By default, header textBy default, header text
is bold and centered.is bold and centered.

Nested Tables
 Table data “cells” (<td>) can contain nested
tables (tables within tables):
68
<table><table>
<tr><tr>
<td>Contact:</td><td>Contact:</td>
<td><td>
<table><table>
<tr><tr>
<td>First Name</td><td>First Name</td>
<td>Last Name</td><td>Last Name</td>
</tr></tr>
</table></table>
</td></td>
</tr></tr>
</table></table>
nested-tables.htmlnested-tables.html

 cellpaddingcellpadding
 Defines the emptyDefines the empty
space around the cellspace around the cell
contentcontent
 cellspacingcellspacing
 Defines theDefines the
empty spaceempty space
between cellsbetween cells
Cell Spacing and Padding
 Tables have two important attributes:
69
cellcell cellcell
cellcell cellcell
cellcell
cellcell
cellcell
cellcell

Cell Spacing and Padding –
Example
70
<html><html>
<head><title>Table Cells</title></head><head><title>Table Cells</title></head>
<body><body>
<table<table cellspacing="15" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="15" cellpadding="0">>
<tr><td>First</td><tr><td>First</td>
<td>Second</td></tr><td>Second</td></tr>
</table></table>
<br/><br/>
<tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr><tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr>
</table></table>
</body></body>
</html></html>
table-table-cellscells.html.html

Cell Spacing and Padding –
Example (2)
71
<html><html>
<head><title>Table Cells</title></head><head><title>Table Cells</title></head>
<body><body>
<table<table cellspacing="15" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="15" cellpadding="0">>
<tr><td>First</td><tr><td>First</td>
<td>Second</td></tr><td>Second</td></tr>
</table></table>
<br/><br/>
<tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr><tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr>
</table></table>
</body></body>
</html></html>
table-table-cellscells.html.html

 rowspanrowspan
 Defines howDefines how
many rows themany rows the
cell occupiescell occupies
 colspancolspan
 Defines howDefines how
many columnsmany columns
the cell occupiesthe cell occupies
Column and Row Span
 Table cells have two important attributes:
72
cell[1,cell[1,
1]1]
cell[1,cell[1,
2]2]
cell[2,1]cell[2,1]
colspan="1colspan="1
""
""
""
cell[1,1]cell[1,1]
cell[1,cell[1,
2]2]
cell[2,cell[2,
1]1]
rowspan="2rowspan="2
""
""
""

Column and Row Span – Example
73
<table cellspacing="0"><table cellspacing="0">
<tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td><tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td>
<td<td colspan="2"colspan="2">Cell[2,1]</td></tr>>Cell[2,1]</td></tr>
<tr class=“2"><td>Cell[1,2]</td><tr class=“2"><td>Cell[1,2]</td>
<td<td rowspan="2"rowspan="2">Cell[2,2]</td>>Cell[2,2]</td>
<td>Cell[3,2]</td></tr><td>Cell[3,2]</td></tr>
</table></table>
table-colspan-rowspan.htmltable-colspan-rowspan.html

<table cellspacing="0"><table cellspacing="0">
<tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td><tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td>
<td<td colspan="2"colspan="2">Cell[2,1]</td></tr>>Cell[2,1]</td></tr>
<td<td rowspan="2"rowspan="2">Cell[2,2]</td>>Cell[2,2]</td>
</table></table>
Column and Row Span –
Example (2)
74
table-colspan-rowspan.htmltable-colspan-rowspan.html
Cell[2,3]Cell[1,3]
Cell[3,2]
Cell[2,2]
Cell[1,2]
Cell[2,1]Cell[1,1]

Entering User Data from a Web PageEntering User Data from a Web Page

HTML Forms
 Forms are the primary method for gathering
data from site visitors
 Create a form block with
 Example:
76
<form></form><form></form>
<form name="myForm" method="post"<form name="myForm" method="post"
action="path/to/some-script.php">action="path/to/some-script.php">
......
</form></form>
The "action" attribute tellsThe "action" attribute tells
where the form data should bewhere the form data should be
sentsent
The “method" attribute tellsThe “method" attribute tells
how the form data should behow the form data should be
sent – via GET or POST requestsent – via GET or POST request

Form Fields
 Single-line text input fields:
 Multi-line textarea fields:
 Hidden fields contain data not shown to the
user:
 Often used by JavaScript code
77
<input type="text" name="FirstName" value="This<input type="text" name="FirstName" value="This
is a text field" />is a text field" />
<textarea name="Comments">This is a multi-line<textarea name="Comments">This is a multi-line
text field</textarea>text field</textarea>
<input type="hidden" name="Account" value="This<input type="hidden" name="Account" value="This
is a hidden text field" />is a hidden text field" />

Fieldsets
 Fieldsets are used to enclose a group of
related form fields:
 The <legend> is the fieldset's title.
78
<form method="post" action="form.aspx"><form method="post" action="form.aspx">
<fieldset><fieldset>
<legend>Client Details</legend><legend>Client Details</legend>
<input type="text" id="Name" /><input type="text" id="Name" />
<input type="text" id="Phone" /><input type="text" id="Phone" />
</fieldset></fieldset>
<fieldset><fieldset>
<legend>Order Details</legend><legend>Order Details</legend>
<input type="text" id="Quantity" /><input type="text" id="Quantity" />
<textarea cols="40" rows="10"<textarea cols="40" rows="10"
id="Remarks"></textarea>id="Remarks"></textarea>
</form></form>

Form Input Controls
 Checkboxes:
 Radio buttons:
 Radio buttons can be grouped, allowing only
one to be selected from a group:
79
<input type="checkbox" name="fruit"<input type="checkbox" name="fruit"
value="apple" />value="apple" />
<input type="radio" name="title" value="Mr." /><input type="radio" name="title" value="Mr." />
<input type="radio" name="<input type="radio" name="citycity" value="Lom" />" value="Lom" />
<input type="radio" name="<input type="radio" name="citycity" value="Ruse" />" value="Ruse" />

Other Form Controls
 Dropdown menus:
 Submit button:
80
<select name="gender"><select name="gender">
<option value="Value 1"<option value="Value 1"
selected="selected">Male</option>selected="selected">Male</option>
<option value="Value 2">Female</option><option value="Value 2">Female</option>
<option value="Value 3">Other</option><option value="Value 3">Other</option>
</select></select>
<input type="submit" name="submitBtn"<input type="submit" name="submitBtn"
value="Apply Now" />value="Apply Now" />

Other Form Controls (2)
 Reset button – brings the form to its initial
state
 Image button – acts like submit but image is
displayed and click coordinates are sent
 Ordinary button – used for Javascript, no
default action
81
<input type="reset" name="resetBtn"<input type="reset" name="resetBtn"
value="Reset the form" />value="Reset the form" />
<input type="image" src="submit.gif"<input type="image" src="submit.gif"
name="submitBtn" alt="Submit" />name="submitBtn" alt="Submit" />
<input type="button" value="click me" /><input type="button" value="click me" />

 Password input – a text field which masks the
entered text with * signs
 Multiple select field – displays the list of items
in multiple lines, instead of one
82
<input type="password" name="pass" /><input type="password" name="pass" />
<select name="products" multiple="multiple"><select name="products" multiple="multiple">
<option value="Value 1"<option value="Value 1"
selected="selected">keyboard</option>selected="selected">keyboard</option>
<option value="Value 2">mouse</option><option value="Value 2">mouse</option>
<option value="Value 3">speakers</option><option value="Value 3">speakers</option>
</select></select>

 File input – a field used for uploading files
 When used, it requires the form element to
have a specific attribute:
83
<input type="file" name="photo" /><input type="file" name="photo" />
<form enctype="multipart/form-data"><form enctype="multipart/form-data">
......
<input type="file" name="photo" /><input type="file" name="photo" />
......
</form></form>

Labels
 Form labels are used to associate an explanatory
text to a form field using the field's ID.
 Clicking on a label focuses its associated field
(checkboxes are toggled, radio buttons are
checked)
 Labels are both a usability and accessibility
feature and are required in order to pass
accessibility validation.
84
<label for="fn">First Name</label><label for="fn">First Name</label>
<input type="text" id="fn" /><input type="text" id="fn" />

HTML Forms – Example
85
<form method="post" action="apply-now.php"><form method="post" action="apply-now.php">
<input name="subject" type="hidden" value="Class" /><input name="subject" type="hidden" value="Class" />
<fieldset><legend>Academic information</legend><fieldset><legend>Academic information</legend>
<label for="degree">Degree</label><label for="degree">Degree</label>
<select name="degree" id="degree"><select name="degree" id="degree">
<option value="BA">Bachelor of Art</option><option value="BA">Bachelor of Art</option>
<option value="BS">Bachelor of Science</option><option value="BS">Bachelor of Science</option>
<option value="MBA" selected="selected">Master of<option value="MBA" selected="selected">Master of
Business Administration</option>Business Administration</option>
</select></select>
<br /><br />
<label for="studentid">Student ID</label><label for="studentid">Student ID</label>
<input type="password" name="studentid" /><input type="password" name="studentid" />
<fieldset><legend>Personal Details</legend><fieldset><legend>Personal Details</legend>
<label for="fname">First Name</label><label for="fname">First Name</label>
<input type="text" name="fname" id="fname" /><input type="text" name="fname" id="fname" />
<br /><br />
<label for="lname">Last Name</label><label for="lname">Last Name</label>
<input type="text" name="lname" id="lname" /><input type="text" name="lname" id="lname" />
form.htmlform.html

HTML Forms – Example (2)
86
<br /><br />
Gender:Gender:
<input name="gender" type="radio" id="gm" value="m" /><input name="gender" type="radio" id="gm" value="m" />
<label for="gm">Male</label><label for="gm">Male</label>
<input name="gender" type="radio" id="gf" value="f" /><input name="gender" type="radio" id="gf" value="f" />
<label for="gf">Female</label><label for="gf">Female</label>
<br /><br />
<label for="email">Email</label><label for="email">Email</label>
<input type="text" name="email" id="email" /><input type="text" name="email" id="email" />
<p><p>
<textarea name="terms" cols="30" rows="4"<textarea name="terms" cols="30" rows="4"
readonly="readonly">TERMS AND CONDITIONS...</textarea>readonly="readonly">TERMS AND CONDITIONS...</textarea>
</p></p>
<p><p>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Send Form" /><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Send Form" />
<input type="reset" value="Clear Form" /><input type="reset" value="Clear Form" />
</p></p>
</form></form>
form.html (continued)form.html (continued)

form.html (continued)form.html (continued)
HTML Forms – Example (3)
87

TabIndex
 The tabindex HTML attribute controls the
order in which form fields and hyperlinks are
focused when repeatedly pressing the TAB
key
 tabindex="0" (zero) - "natural" order
 If X > Y, then elements with tabindex="X" are
iterated before elements with tabindex="Y"
 Elements with negative tabindex are skipped,
however, this is not defined in the standard
88
<input type="text" tabindex="10" /><input type="text" tabindex="10" />

HTML Frames
 Frames provide a way to show multiple HTML
documents in a single Web page
 The page can be split into separate views
(frames) horizontally and vertically
 Frames were popular in the early ages of HTML
development, but now their usage is rejected
 Frames are not supported by all user agents
(browsers, search engines, etc.)
 A <noframes> element is used to provide content for
non-compatible agents.
90

HTML Frames – Demo
91
<html><html>
<head><title>Frames Example</title></head><head><title>Frames Example</title></head>
<frameset cols="180px,*,150px"><frameset cols="180px,*,150px">
<frame src="left.html" /><frame src="left.html" />
<frame src="middle.html" /><frame src="middle.html" />
<frame src="right.html" /><frame src="right.html" />
</frameset></frameset>
</html></html>
frames.htmlframes.html
 Note theNote the targettarget attribute applied to theattribute applied to the
<a><a> elements in the left frame.elements in the left frame.

Inline Frames: <iframe>
 Inline frames provide a way to show one
website inside another website:
92
<iframe name="iframeGoogle" width="600" height="400"<iframe name="iframeGoogle" width="600" height="400"
src="http://www.google.com" frameborder="yes"src="http://www.google.com" frameborder="yes"
scrolling="yes"></iframe>scrolling="yes"></iframe>
iframe-demo.htmliframe-demo.html

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