2. OBJECTIVES
1. Abdomen surface anatomy.
2. Defining the surface projection of the abdomen.
3. How to find the Superficial inguinal ring.
4. How to determine lumbar vertebral levels.
5. Visualizing structures at the L1 vertebral level.
6. Visualizing the position of major blood vessels.
7. Using abdominal quadrants to locate major viscera.
8. Where to find the kidneys & spleen.
9. Defining surface regions to which pain from gut is referred.
8. 2. Defining the surface projection of
the abdomen.
Moath Alkeaid
9. Palpable landmarks can
determine the extant of
the abdomen on the
surface of the body
These landmarks
are:
ďŞThe costal margin
ďŞThe pubic tubercle
ďŞAnterior superior
iliac spine
ďŞIliac crest
10.
11. 3. How to find the Superficial
inguinal ring.
Naif Alrajhi
17. 4. How to determine lumbar
vertebral levels.
Abdulmalik Alawam
18. Lumbar Vertebrae
⢠5 vertebrae between the rib
cage and the pelvis
⢠Largest segments of the
vertebral column
⢠Support the weight of the body
and permit movement
19. Position
ďśFirst lumbar:
⢠Horizontally level with the
transpyloric plane, on level
with the 9th costal cartilage
ďśThird lumbar:
⢠Horizontally level with the
subcostal plane, on level with
the 10th costal cartilage
⢠The umbilicus is found
between the L2 and L3
vertebra
20. Position
ďśFourth lumbar:
⢠Horizontally level with the
supracristal plane on level
with the Iliac crest
ďśFifth lumbar:
⢠Horizontally level with the
intertubercular plane on
level with the tubercle of
the crest of ilium
22. Determining the L1 vertebral level.
⢠Medial end of the 9th CC & body of L1 /
transpyloric plane.
⢠Midway between suprasternal âjugular- notch
& pubic symphysis.
23.
24. Structures at the L1 level
⢠Beginning & upper limit of the
Duodenum.
⢠Hill of the Kidneys.
⢠Neck of Pancreas.
⢠Origin of Sup. Mesentric artery.
⢠Right & left colic flexures also are close
to this level.
25.
26. Major blood vessels relation.
⢠Celiac trunk at the upper border.
⢠Sup. Mesenteric artery at the lower border.
28. Each of the vertebral
levels in the abdomen
is related to the origin
of major blood vessels
29. LI Vertebra
⢠The celiac trunk originates
from the aorta at the
upper border of the LI
vertebra.
⢠The superior mesenteric
artery originates at the lower
border of the LI vertebra.
30. LII Vertebra
⢠The renal arteries
originate at approximately
the LII vertebra.
37. Location Of Major Viscera by using
Quadrants of the Abdomen:
RUQ:
⢠Liver
⢠Gallbladder
LUQ:
⢠Spleen
⢠Stomach
RLQ:
⢠The Cecum
⢠Appendix
LLQ:
⢠The Descending Colon
⢠Sigmoid Colon
41. Where to find kidneys
⢠The kidneys project onto the back on either side
of the midline and are related to the lower ribs
42. Where to find kidneys
⢠The left kidney is a little higher than the right and
reaches as high as rib XI
⢠The superior pole of the right kidney reaches only
as high as rib XII
43. Where to find kidneys
⢠The lower poles of the kidneys occur around the
level of the disc between the LIII and LIV
vertebrae
46. Where to find spleen
⢠The spleen projects onto the left side and back in
the area of ribs IX to XI
47. Where to find spleen
⢠The spleen follows the contour of rib X and
extends from the superior pole of the left kidney to
just posterior to the mid axillary line
48.
49. 9. Defining surface regions to which
pain from gut is referred.
Fahad Alhussainan
50. THE ABDOMINAL REGION
The Regions are formed by:
ďś Two Horizontal Planes
⢠Midclavicular Planes
ďś Two Vertical Planes
⢠Subcostal
⢠Intertubercular
Central regions
⢠Epigastric, Umbilical,
Hypogastric/Pubic
Regions on each side
⢠Hypochondrium, Lumbar/Flank,
Iliac/Groin