2. • The skin is the largest organ of the body, with
a total area of about 20 square feet.
• The skin protects us from microbes and the
elements, helps regulate body temperature,
and permits the sensations of touch, heat, and
cold.
3.
4. LAYERS
Skin has three layers:
• The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin,
provides a waterproof barrier and creates our
skin tone.
• The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains
tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and
sweat glands.
• The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)
is made of fat and connective tissue.
5. EPIDERMIS
• It is the outermost layer of the skin. It forms
the waterproof, protective wrap over the
body's surface which also serves as a barrier
to infection.
• The epidermis contains no blood vessels.
• It is nourished by the blood vessels in the
dermis.
• Replaced with new cells in every 28 days.
6. DERMIS
• The dermis is the layer of skin beneath
the epidermis that consists of epithelial
tissue and cushions the body from stress and
strain.
• The dermis is tightly connected to the
epidermis by a basement membrane.
• The dermis is highly vascular and assist in the
regulation of body tempareture.
7. HYPODERMIS
• The hypodermis is not part of the skin, and
lies below the dermis.
• Its purpose is to attach the skin to underlying
bone and muscle as well as supplying it with
blood vessels and nerves.
• It consists of loose connective tissue, adipose
tissue and elastin.
9. ASSESSMENT OF INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
• HISTORY COLLECTION
– Past health history
– Medication
– Surgery
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
– Inspection
– Palpation
10. COMMON DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• BIOPSY
A skin biopsy is a procedure in which a
sample of skin tissue is removed, processed, and
examined under a microscope.
Several different methods may be used to
obtain a skin sample, depending on the size and
location of the abnormal area of skin, called
a skin lesion.
11. PUNCH BIOPSY
• Punch biopsy is considered the primary
technique to obtain diagnostic, full-thickness
skin specimens.
• It is performed using a circular blade attached
to a pencil-like handle.
• The instrument is rotated down through the
epidermis and dermis, and into the
subcutaneous fat.
12. SHAVE TEST
• This test is used to collect the superficial lesion
from the skin or a small sample of large lesion.
13. INCISION
• In this wedge shape incision is made and
useful when larger specimen than shave biopsy
is needed.
14. TZANCK TEST
• In dermatopathology, the Tzanck test, also Tzanck
smear, is scraping of an ulcer base to look
for Tzanck cells.
• It is sometimes also called the chickenpox skin
test and the herpes skin test.
• In this test the fluids and cells from the vesicles
are examined
15. CULTURE
• A skin or nail culture is a laboratory test to
look for and identify germs that cause
problems with the skin or nails.
• It is called a mucosal culture if the sample
involves the mucous membranes.
16. PATCH TEST
• A test to discover whether a person is allergic
to any of a range of substances which are
applied to the skin in light scratches or under a
plaster.
17. • In this technique a small amount of potentially
allergic material is applied over the skin and
watching for reactions.
