History of Design for high school design class

1. Victorian 1820-1850

2. Webster’s Dictionary Published
Napoleon Dies
Morse telegraph is used
Industrial Revolution

3. Victorian
• Named after Queen
Victoria crowned
Queen of England in
1835
• Aesthetic response
to the Industrial
Revolution

4. Victorian
• Industrialization
flourished
• Advertising boomed
• Artists forced to
become machines
• Printmaking from 1867
World’s Fair -Japanese
• Middle class finally had
some money, but no
aesthetic quality
• Disguising the
industrialization

5. Victorian Motifs
• “Fluff”
• Comfort comes from
clutter
• Ornamentation
• Function was not
predominate over
ornamentation
• Disguise is the answer
to all problems

8. Voigt House

9. Arts and Crafts 1850-1910

10. 13th Amendment to abolish slavery
World’s Fair introduces Japanese art to the West
Alexander Graham Bell invents telephone
Thomas Edison invents the electric light
George Eastman perfects his Kodak box camera
Eiffel tower completed for Paris Exhibition
Henry Ford builds first automobile

11. Arts and Crafts
• A return to beauty based on
form and not on
ornamentation
• Artists reestablished
aesthetic understanding
• Ornamentation was
secondary to beauty of the
form itself
• Art should not be separated
from everyday life
• Workshops and guilds
established again to teach
traditional methods as in
medieval times.

12. Arts and Crafts Motifs
• Simplicity of form
• Honest use of
materials
• Fighting “ugliness”
• Modern printing
became a serious art
form
• Functional
• Straight lined

13. Gustav
Stickley

14. Frank Lloyd Wright

15. Meyer May House, 1908 Grand Rapids

16. Art Nouveau 1890-1915

17. World War I begins (1914)
First jazz record
First steel and glass building
Modern Art Movement begins

18. Art Nouveau
• International Influence
• Rebellion of Victorian Era
• Desire for a “new age”
• Art and Industry were to
work together to create
beautiful, functional
pieces

19. Art Nouveau Motifs
• Fluid Lines
• Curved Lines
• Japanese elegance
• Symbolist mystery
• Floral and flat
patterns
• Inspired by
illuminated
manuscripts

22. Modern 1908-1935

23. Mussolini comes into power
First full length talking film
Adolf Hitler is appointed
German Chancellor

24. Modernism
• Profound political
unrest and change
• Rapidly changing
machinery and
technology
• Forward Looking
• Rejection of
decoration
• Function only

25. Modernism Motifs
• Free Form
Lettering
• Asymmetrical
Design
• Function Only
• Free Alignment
of Typography

26. Different Styles of Modernism
• Futurism
• Constructivism
• Bauhaus
• International Style

27. Futurism
• No nostalgia!
• New religion of
Speed
• Kinetic
• Dynamics of the
universe displayed
in design and art

28. Constructivism
• Early Soviet Youth
Movement
• Man as whole being-
spiritual, cognitive and
physical
• Take viewer from
passive role into active
• Group more important
than individual

29. Bauhaus
• Combined fine art
and applied art
• Asymmetry
• Rectangular Grid
Structure for design
• Use of order
• Dropping all capital
letters

30. Dadaism 1910-1925

31. Dadaism
• Invented by German
refugee of WWI
• Scorned that art was
the highest form of
expression
• Rejection of
organization
• Poetry, theater and
art combined

32. Dadaism Motifs
• Widely scattered
typography
• Removed elegance
and good taste
• Crammed images
• Photomantage

33. Marcel Duchamp

34. 1920’s 1930’s

35. Art Deco 1920-1935

36. Discovery of King Tut’s Tomb
Science of Aerodynamics
Recovery of WWI
Spanish Civil Was begins

37. Art Deco
• Middle class was
feeling threatened
by abstractness of
Modern Design
• Industrial use of
plastics
• Desire to feel
affluent after such a
gruesome World
War

38. Art Deco Motifs
• Huge reference to
Egyptian artifacts
and symbols
• Space ships and
speed
• Rectilinear rather
than horizontal
• Geometric rather
than organic

41. Heroic Realism 1930-1945

42. World War II begins
Women in workforce
Atomic Bomb is used in WWII
The first automatic computer
is developed

43. Heroic Realism
• Emphasis on family
• Women in provider role
• Future hope
• Strength in society
uniting

44. Heroic Realism Motifs
• Clean lines in design
• Clear messages
• Propaganda
• This design style is still
seen in countries like
North Korea

45. Late Modern 1945-1980

46. Elvis Presley first rock and roll hit
Color television
Korean War
Soviets launch Sputnik I -satellite
U.S. develops laser
Bombing North Vietnam
Apollo II first manned lunar landing

47. Late Modernism
• Revival in Design
• Psychedelic Art
• Japanese Influence

48. Late Modernism
• Revival
• Nostalgic after war
• Questioning where
we go from here…

49. Late Modernism
• Psychedelic Art
• Cartoon influence
• Western Religious ideas
and styles
• Open view of love
• Influence of
hallucinogenic drugs

50. Late Modernism
• Japanese Style
• 1970 Japanese World
Fair
• Straight lines
• Bold colors

52. Contemporary 1980-present

53. Contemporary
• Sustainable Design or
GREEN Design
-design that leaves as little
footprint as possible upon
the earth
-conscientious of materials
used or recycled materials,
fair trade materials,
minimal to no toxins in
product, compostable after-
life, local materials

54. Contemporary
• Design: a response to
chaos - retreat to
modern design
-Minimal
-Reflective of early modern
-Tactile
-Viewer involved
-Elements of surprise
-Simplicity
-Environmentally concerned
-Experimental use of
materials

55. Contemporary
• Clean design
• Form and function
• Speed