RJ

1. DR. B. L. SINHA
Scientist/ Assistant Professor
(Soil Water Engineering)
DKS College of Agriculture and Research Station
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalay
(Chhattisgarh)
Bhatapara
Remote Sensing

3. Remote Sensing
Definition
Science and art of obtaining information
about an object, area or phenomenon
through an analysis of data acquired by a
device that is not in direct contact with the
area, object or phenomenon under
investigation.

4. What is remote sensing?
The International Society for Photogrammetry and
Remote Sensing (ISPRS) defined Remote Sensing (RS)
as:
“The art, science, and technology of obtaining reliable
information about physical objects and the environment,
through the process of recording, measuring, and
interpreting imagery and digital representation of energy
patterns derived from non contact sensor system " . This
definition considered photogrammetry as sub-field of
remote sensing
–via cameras recording on film, which may then be scanned (aerial
photos)
–via sensors, which directly output digital data (satellite imagery)

5. Remote sensing
Aero-plane
Satellite

6. History of remote sensing
• 1783: The Marquis d’Arlandes and Pilatre made a voyage near Paris using a balloon.
• Photography using balloon, pigeon
• 1860: Aerial photos in Russia and the USA
• 1914-19: The first World War and the second World War (1939-45) had seen
tremendous development in photography
• 1927: Robert Goddard launched the first liquid-fueled rocket.
• 1955: Work began on the Baikonur launch site in central Asia.
• 1957: Sputnik 1 launched from Baikonur (first satellite)
• 1961: Yuri Gagarin launched in the Vostok 1 capsule, becoming the first human
in space.
• 1969: Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the
Moon.
• 1971: The first Space Station in history, the Russian Salyut 1
• 1972: (US Landsat1) the concept of imaging from satellites is introduced
• 1986: France launched the first stereo-image satellite (SPOT1)
• 1992: The space year (the maturity of remote sensing - 20 years of operation)
• 1995 The Shuttle-Mir Program (1st
phase of the International Space Station (ISS).
• 2000 The first 3 astronauts (2 Russian and one American) start to live in the ISS

7. Remote Sensing Organizations
• ISPRS- International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote
Sensing
• IGARSS- International Geosciences And Remote Sensing
Symposium
• NASA -National Aeronautic and Space Administration (USA)
• ESA- European Space Agency (Europe)
• NASDA- National Space Development Agency (Japan)
• CNES- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (France )
• DARA- German Space Agency
• CSA - Canadian Space Agency
• NRSA- National Remote Sensing Agency of India

8. Remote sensing web sites
• http://ftp.geog.ucl.ac.be/~patrick/geogr/Eteledetec.html - remote sensing
index
• http:// www.esrin.esa.it - Eurpopean Space Agency
• http://geo.arc.nasa.gov - NASA program http://www.spot.com -
French satellite SPOT
• http://www.nasda.go.jp/ - Japan space agency
• http://www.rka.ru./ Russian Space Agency (RSA)
• http://www.coresw.com - Russian imagery source
• http://www.space.gc.ca/ Canadian Space Agency (CSA)
• http://www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/ccrs/ -Canada Center for Remote Sensing
• http://www.inpe.br/ National Institute for Space Research (Brazil)
• http://www.asprs.org - American Society
• http://www.man.ac.uk - Manshester Univ.
• http://www.idrisi.clarku.edu - Idrisi site
• http://www.amazon.com - Bookstore
• http://www.brevard.cc.fl.us/BTR_Labs/bober/martin/rs/overview.htm
Dr. Martin McClinton, (*.ppt) format (V. Good)

9. Remote sensing literature-Journal/Conferences
• Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote
sensing (PE & RS)
• Photogrammetric Record
• International Journal of Remote Sensing
• ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and
Remote Sensing
• ISPRS conference proceedings
• IGARSS conference proceedings

10. Remote sensing literature -Books
• Askne, J. (1995). Sensors and Environmental
applications of remote sensing, Balkema,
Rotterdam, NL
• Campbell, J. B. , 1996. Introduction to Remote
Sensing. 2nd
ed.,Taylor and Francis, London
• Dengre, J. (1994). Thematic Mapping from
satellite imagery: Guide book, Elsevier ltd,
Boulevard
• Lillesand, T. M. and R. W. Kiefer, 2000. Remote
Sensing and Image Interpretation. 4th
ed., John
Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York
• Simonette, D. S. (ed) (1983) Manual of remote
sensing, the Sheridan Press, Falls church

11. Remote sensing basic processes
• Data acquisition (energy propagation, platforms)
• Processing (conversion of energy pattern to
images)
• Analysis (quantitative and qualitative analysis)
• Accuracy assessment (radiometric and geometric
correction)
• Information distribution to users (hard copy, CCT,
CD-ROM, X-BYTE)

12. Receiving station
processing Archiving
Distribution
12

13. Remote sensing basic processes

14. Main stages in remote sensing are the following.
A.Emission of electromagnetic radiation
•The Sun or an EMR source located on the platform
B. Transmission of energy from the source to the object
• Absorption and scattering of the EMR while transmission
C. Interaction of EMR with the object and subsequent reflection
and emission
D. Transmission of energy from the object to the sensor
E. Recording of energy by the sensor
• Photographic or non-photographic sensors
F. Transmission of the recorded information to the ground station
G. Processing of the data into digital or hard copy image
H. Analysis of data

15. Advantages of remote sensing
• Provides a regional view (large areas)
• Provides repetitive looks at the same area
• Remote sensors "see" over a broader portion of the
spectrum than the human eye
• Sensors can focus in on a very specific bandwidth
in an image or a number of bandwidths
simultaneously
• Provides geo-referenced, digital, data
• Some remote sensors operate in all seasons, at
night, and in bad weather

16. Remote sensing applications
• Land-use mapping
• Forest and agriculture applications
• Telecommunication planning
• Environmental applications
• Hydrology and coastal mapping
• Urban planning
• Emergencies and Hazards
• Global change and Meteorology

17. Remote Sensing data and agriculture statistics
Remote Sensing data area used
in agriculture statistics mainly
for:
•Land cover monitoring
•Area Frame construction
•Support field data collection
•Crop area estimation
•Crop monitoring and yields
forecasting

18. Applications

19. Thanks.......