PROTECTED CULTIVATION

1. Protected Cultivation
DR. B. L. SINHA
Scientist/ Assistant Professor
(Soil Water Engineering)
DKS College of Agriculture and Research
Station
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalay
(Chhattisgarh)
Bhatapara

2. Protected cultivation is the technique of
providing favourable environmental or growth
conditions to the plants.
In greenhouses, the growing environment is
altered to suit the specific requirements of plants.
plants.
It is rather used to protect plants from the
adverse climatic conditions by providing optimum
conditions of light, temperature, humidity,
CO2and air circulation for the best growth of
plants to achieve maximum yield and best quality.

3. Greenhouse
A greenhouse is a covered structure which
protects plants from vagaries of weather or
environment i.e. wind, precipitation, excess
precipitation, excess solar radiation,
temperature extremes and considerable attack
of pests and diseases.

4. Principle of Green House Cultivation
The greenhouse is covered with a transparent material such as
plastic, PVC sheet or glass.
Based upon its transparency the greenhouse cover transmits
most of the sunlight.
The crop, floor and other objects inside the greenhouse absorb
the sunlight admitted greenhouse absorb the sunlight admitted
inside the greenhouse.
These objects in turn emit long wave thermal radiations for
which the greenhouse covering material has lower transparency
and as a result of this the solar energy is trapped thus leading to
increased temperature inside the greenhouse.
This is known as greenhouse effect.

5. Why green house cultivation
Ensures the production of any plant at any place and
throughout the year
Blemish-free high quality product
Easy to control insect-pests and diseases
Water requirement reduces
Water requirement reduces
Labour requirement is less
Earliness as it reduces crop duration

6. Basic consideration
Feasibility study
Type of greenhouse structures
Planting material
Growing system
Plant protection
Post harvest handling
Post harvest handling
Supporting facilities for analyzing quality of water
and growing media
Management and coordination

7. Factor affecting the construction of
green house type
Location
Climate
Design of greenhouse
Greenhouse orientation
Crops to be grown
Crops to be grown
Cost of production
Economic returns

8. Protected cultivation of ornamentals in India
Indo-American Hybrid Seeds Company has made greenhouses
for cultivation of ornamental plants before 1970.
M/s FerozMasaniand Sons of Nasik started growing carnations
in greenhouses during 1980. 1980.
M/s Pune flowers stared growing roses on rock wool in 1/4th acre
greenhouse in late eighties for export at Pune.
Presently about 250 private companies have started producing
flowers in greenhouses in India.
Total area under greenhouses in India is over 700 ha.

9. Advantage of growing ornamentals in green house under
Indian context
Abundant sunshine throughout the year especially in autumn and
winter
The average radiation received at QuitoEquator and Nairobi is 434
and 462 cal/cm2/day, respectively at 1800m AMSL the cal/cm/day,
respectively at 1800m AMSL the best centres in the world producing
quality cut flowers, which is at par with radiation received at
Bangalore (450 cal/cm2/day at 1000m AMSL)
Ideal temperature
Shorter production cycle
Good production during the main international events when
demand for flowers is high in Europe and USA.

10. Ideal location of greenhouse in plains
and hills
In plains: North-south direction so that
longer sides avoid sun scorching.
In hills: South/ South-west/ South-east
direction in hills for maximum use of
sunlight

11. Different type of green houses
Ground to ground
Gable
Quonset
Modified Quonset Tunnels (Fixed or portable)
Tunnels (Fixed or portable)
Lath house/ Seran house
Lean to greenhouse

12. Different type of cladding materials
Glass
Fiber glass
FRP (Fibre Reinforced Plastic)
Polythene (Thermo anti drip) PVC (Poly Venyl
Chloride)
PVC (Poly Venyl Chloride)
Polycarbonates sheets
Silpauline sheets

13. Saw tooth type Greenhouse

14. Growing conditions
Temperature (Cooling, heating and shading)
Relative humidity (Misting, fogging and watering)
Light (Photoperiod and intensity)
Air circulation (ventilation)
Air circulation (ventilation)
Carbon dioxide
Sanitation

15. Growing system in green house
Ground beds
Raised beds
Benches
Pots

16. Growing Media Characters
Provide adequate nutrients to the crop
Support or anchorage the plants grown
Good moisture holding capacity
Sufficiently porous
Not saline
Not saline
Withstand pasteurization with steam or solarization
Free from weed seeds, nematodes

17.  Dis-infection of growing media
Chemical drenching/ fumigation:
formaldehyde, chloropicrin, captan and
vapam
Steaming
Pasteurization
Pasteurization
Solarisation

18. Irrigation
In greenhouses mostly micro-irrigation technique is
followed, which requires pressure and energy to work
properly.
The different ways to irrigate in greenhouses are
given below: are given below:
Drip irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation
Jet irrigation, and
Spray irrigation

19. Advantages of Micro irrigation
Saving water up to 75%
Increasing flower yield
Saving fertilizers up to 30%
Suitable for undulating terrains
Suitable for undulating terrains
Improves quality of the flower produce
Saving energy and labour

20. Fertigation
It refers to the simultaneous application of
water and fertilizers to the root zone of the
plants and it refers only to the drip irrigation
system under the micro-irrigation technology.

21. Important of ornamentals crops
Cut flowers(Rose, Carnation, Chrysanthemum,
Gerbera, Anthurium, Orchids, Tulip, Lilium,
Alstroemeria, Gypsophila, Licianthus, Statice, etc.)
Cut greens(Asparagus, Ferns, etc.)
Cut greens(Asparagus, Ferns, etc.)
Foliage pot plants(Aglaonema, Aspidistra,
Dracaena, Ficus, Hedera, etc.)
Flowering pot plants(Poinsettia, Begonia,
Saintpaulia, Gloxinia, Geranium, Fuchsia, etc.)

22. Ground to ground

23. Gable

24. Quonset

25. Modified Quonset Tunnels

26. Tunnels

27. Lath house

28. Lean to greenhouse

29. Low cast greenhouse

30. Medium cast greenhouse

31. High cast greenhouse

32. Even span type greenhouse

33. uneven span type greenhouse

34. Ridge and furrow type greenhouse

35. Ground to ground

36. Gable

37. Quonset

38. Modified Quonset Tunnels

39. Tunnels

40. Lath house

41. Lean to greenhouse

42. Low cast greenhouse

43. Medium cast greenhouse

44. High cast greenhouse

45. Even span type greenhouse

46. uneven span type greenhouse

47. Ridge and furrow type greenhouse