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Plasticity of the brain
• Plasticity: Refers to
  the brains ability to
  reorganise neural
  pathways throughout
  the lifespan as a result
  of experience.
• Put simply: The brains
  ability to change with
  learning.
• There is a change in
  the internal structure
  of neurons, notably
  the synapses &
• increase in the
  number of synapses
Developmental Plasticity               Adaptive Plasticity
Definition    Changes in neural connections as The brains ability to compensate
               a result of interactions with the   for lost functionality due to
                environment (our experiences        brain damage as well as in
                    during childhood) as a       response to interaction with the
               consequence of developmental      environment by reorganising its
                           processes.                         structure
              e.g. development of visual cortex.
 Neuronal            1. Synaptogenesis                     1. Rerouting
 Changes            2. Synaptic pruning                    2. Sprouting
                    3. Neural migration
                       4. Myelination
 Occurs in     It is predetermined & occurs in     Compensation for brain injury
response to   response to the initial processing     and in adjustment to new
                of sensory information by the               experiences
                        immature brain
 When it       It occurs over the lifespan, but    Also occurs over the lifespan,
 occurs              diminishes with age              but is more efficient and
                                                   effective during infancy/ early
                                                             childhood.
Developmental Plasticity
1. Synaptogenesis: is genetic i.e.
   the rapid expansion in
   synaptic formation in order to
   deal with bombardment of
   sensory input.
2. Synaptic pruning: reduction in
   the number of synaptic
   connections
• Which enables more efficient
  synaptic configurations (thus
  more efficient brain functioning
  – hence ongoing learning)
• Synaptic pruning is determined
  by experience – connections
  not used are pruned.
Developmental Plasticity
Developmental Plasticity
3. Neural Migration occurs
   from 8 weeks to 29 weeks
   (i.e. movement of neurons
   to different parts of the
   brain
4. Myelination starts during
   fetal development through
   to adolescence - a process of
   protecting & insulating
   neurons to aid the
   transmission of impulses
   from 1 nerve cell to the
   next.
Adaptive plasticity
1. Rerouting: new neural
   connections are made
   between a neuron and
   other active neurons
2. Sprouting: growth of
   new dendritic fibres
   enabling the neuron
   for form new              Adaptive plasticity enables brains to
                              adapt (by growing) for individuals
   connections with other   with the acquisition of expertise in a
                              certain area e.g. Students, London
   (more) neurons           Cab drivers, bilinguals, musicians, etc.

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Plasticity of the brain - VCE U4 Psychology

  • 1. Plasticity of the brain • Plasticity: Refers to the brains ability to reorganise neural pathways throughout the lifespan as a result of experience. • Put simply: The brains ability to change with learning. • There is a change in the internal structure of neurons, notably the synapses & • increase in the number of synapses
  • 2. Developmental Plasticity Adaptive Plasticity Definition Changes in neural connections as The brains ability to compensate a result of interactions with the for lost functionality due to environment (our experiences brain damage as well as in during childhood) as a response to interaction with the consequence of developmental environment by reorganising its processes. structure e.g. development of visual cortex. Neuronal 1. Synaptogenesis 1. Rerouting Changes 2. Synaptic pruning 2. Sprouting 3. Neural migration 4. Myelination Occurs in It is predetermined & occurs in Compensation for brain injury response to response to the initial processing and in adjustment to new of sensory information by the experiences immature brain When it It occurs over the lifespan, but Also occurs over the lifespan, occurs diminishes with age but is more efficient and effective during infancy/ early childhood.
  • 3. Developmental Plasticity 1. Synaptogenesis: is genetic i.e. the rapid expansion in synaptic formation in order to deal with bombardment of sensory input. 2. Synaptic pruning: reduction in the number of synaptic connections • Which enables more efficient synaptic configurations (thus more efficient brain functioning – hence ongoing learning) • Synaptic pruning is determined by experience – connections not used are pruned.
  • 5. Developmental Plasticity 3. Neural Migration occurs from 8 weeks to 29 weeks (i.e. movement of neurons to different parts of the brain 4. Myelination starts during fetal development through to adolescence - a process of protecting & insulating neurons to aid the transmission of impulses from 1 nerve cell to the next.
  • 6. Adaptive plasticity 1. Rerouting: new neural connections are made between a neuron and other active neurons 2. Sprouting: growth of new dendritic fibres enabling the neuron for form new Adaptive plasticity enables brains to adapt (by growing) for individuals connections with other with the acquisition of expertise in a certain area e.g. Students, London (more) neurons Cab drivers, bilinguals, musicians, etc.