Smart materials technology enables us to adapt to environmental changes by activating its functions. Multifunctional materials, sort of smart materials, can be activated by electrical stimuli so as to produce its geometry change or property change.

1. ADVANCED ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
By:-
Parth Rajendra Lad
Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering, Mumbai

2. Introduction
An advanced material can be defined as any
new or significantly improved material that
provides a distinct advantage in performance
when compared to conventional materials.
Advanced Materials are materials that are
specifically engineered to exhibit novel or
enhanced properties that confer superior
performance relative to conventional materials.
Advanced materials means materials with
engineered properties created through the
development of specialized processing and
synthesis technology, including ceramics, high
value-added metals, electronic materials,
composites, polymers, and biomaterials.

3. Classification
 Nano Particles
1.Carbon-Based Nanoparticles
2.Ceramic Nanoparticles
3.Metal Nanoparticles
4.Semiconductor Nanoparticles
5.Polymeric Nanoparticles
 Smart Materials
1. Piezoelectric materials.
2.Shape memory materials.
3.Chromogenic materials.
4.Magneto-restrictive materials.
5.Polymer Gel.

4. Nano-Particles
1.Carbon-Based Nanoparticles
Carbon-based nanoparticles include two main
materials: carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes.
CNTs are nothing but graphene sheets rolled into a
tube. These materials are mainly used for the structural
reinforcement as they are 100 times stronger than steel.
CNTs can be classified into single-walled carbon
nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon
nanotubes (MWCNTs). CNTs are unique in a way as
they are thermally conductive along the length and non-
conductive across the tube. Fullerenes are the allotropes
of carbon having a structure of hollow cage of sixty or
more carbon atoms. These have commercial
applications due to their electrical conductivity,
structure, high strength, and electron affinity.
2.Ceramic Nanoparticles
Ceramic nanoparticles are inorganic solids made up of
oxides, carbides, carbonates and phosphates. These
nanoparticles have high heat resistance and chemical
inertness. They have applications in photocatalysis,
photodegradation of dyes, drug delivery, and imaging.
By controlling some of the characteristics of ceramic
nanoparticles like size, surface area, porosity, surface to
volume ratio, etc, they perform as a good drug delivery
agent. These nanoparticles have been used effectively as a
drug delivery system for a number of diseases like bacterial
infections, glaucoma, cancer, etc.

5. 3.Metal Nanoparticles
Metal nanoparticles are prepared from metal
precursors. These nanoparticles can be
synthesized by chemical, electrochemical, or
photochemical methods. In chemical methods,
the metal nanoparticles are obtained by reducing
the metal-ion precursors in solution by chemical
reducing agents. These have the ability to adsorb
small molecules and have high surface energy.
These nanoparticles have applications in research
areas, detection and imaging of biomolecules and
in environmental and bioanalytical applications.
For example gold nanoparticles are used to coat
the sample before analyzing in SEM. This is
usually done to enhance the electronic stream,
which helps us to get high quality SEM images.
4.Semiconductor Nanoparticles
Semiconductor nanoparticles have properties like
those of metals and non-metals. They are found
in the periodic table in groups II-VI, III-V or IV-
VI. These particles have wide bandgaps, which
on tuning shows different properties. They are
used in photocatalysis, electronics devices,
photo-optics and water splitting applications.
Some examples of semiconductor nanoparticles
are GaN, GaP, InP, InAs from group III-V, ZnO,
ZnS, CdS, CdSe, CdTe are II-VI semiconductors
and silicon and germanium are from group IV.

6. 5.Polymeric Nanoparticles
Polymeric nanoparticles are organic based
nanoparticles. Depending upon the method of
preparation, these have structures shaped like
nanocapsular or nanospheres. A nanosphere particle
has a matrix-like structure whereas the nanocapsular
particle has core-shell morphology. In the former, the
active compounds and the polymer are uniformly
dispersed whereas in the latter the active compounds
are confined and surrounded by a polymer shell.
Some of the merits of polymeric nanoparticles are
controlled release, protection of drug molecules,
ability to combine therapy and imaging, specific
targeting and many more. They have applications in
drug delivery and diagnostics. The drug deliveries
with polymeric nanoparticles are highly biodegradable
and biocompatible.

7. Smart Materials
1. Piezoelectric materials.
They are several materials that can exhibit an
electromechanical coupling that results in
displacement of an material upon application
of an electric field. This material produces a
voltage when stress is applied and in reverse
manner it produces stress when voltage is
applied. There are two types of piezoelectric
material, piezoceramic and piezostrictiors.
Piezoceramic can elongate and compressed
while piezostrictiors only exhibit elongation,
independent of direction of applied electric
field.

8. 2.Shape memory materials.
The most common group of material that
respond to a temperature change with shape
change or elongation are shape memory alloys
(SMA).
These alloys mainly Titanium-Nickel alloys
undergo a phase transformation up to
temperature change. These are also called
thermo-responsive material. They can hold
different shapes at various temperatures. They
can be deformed and regain original
sharpened size.

9. 3.Chromogenic materials.
These are the materials which changes
their colour when electric or thermal
change associated with it. There are
three types of chromogenic
materials and they are split into
categories depending on what type of
external stimuli triggers the change in
colour. These three types
of chromogenic materials are
photochromic, thermochromic and
electrochromic. Changes colour with a
change of light.

10. 4.Magneto-strictive materials.
Magnetostriction is the change of the
material’s physical dimensions in
response to changing its magnetization.
This material will change its shape
when it is subjected to a magnetic
field. They can convert magnetic
energy to kinetic energy or reverse.
Most ferromagnetic materials are
measurable magnetostriction.

11. 5.Polymer Gel.
A polymer gel is a type of gel that consist
of three-dimensional cross-linked
polymer network that can undergo
significant deformation. The gels can
expand or shrink up to 1000 times in
volume. These are also known as
hydrogels. Some common type of
polymer gels are Poly-vinly alcohols,
Poly-acrylic acid and Poly-acrylo nitrile

12. Conclusion
Today, the most promising technologies for lifetime efficiency and improved reliability
include the use of advanced engineering materials and structures. Understanding and
controlling the composition and microstructure of any new materials are the ultimate
objectives of research in this field, and is crucial to the production of good smart
materials. New and advanced materials will definitively enhance our quality of our life.
This technology of advanced engineering materials by its nature, is a highly
interdisciplinary field. Starting from the field of basic sciences such as physics, chemistry,
mechanics, computing and electronics it also covers the applied sciences and engineering
such as aeronautics and mechanical engineering.

13. THANK YOU!!!