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Tratamiento
Antirretroviral
coformulado con un IP
Adherencia, seguridad y potencia, un solo concepto
Pablo F. Parenti, MD PhD
2019
Rosario
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
UNAIDS 2013
“La infección por el VIH sigue
siendo una enfermedad que
amenaza la vida de aquellas
personas infectadas que no
reciben un tratamiento óptimo
iniciado lo suficientemente
temprano y/o se infectaron con
variantes del virus que son
resistentes a varias clases de
medicamentos antirretrovirales”
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Temario:
• Ventajas del TARV en un UNICO comprimido.
• Un Inhibidor de la Proteasa con un profármaco
• Inicio TEMPRANO en el paciente NAIVE.
• Análisis del estudio AMBER
• Análisis del estudio DIAMOND
• Simplificación del TARV cuando hay historia de FALLO.
• Análisis del estudio EMERALD
• Discusión clínica.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Temario:
• Ventajas del TARV en un UNICO comprimido.
• Un Inhibidor de la Proteasa con un profármaco
• Inicio TEMPRANO en el paciente NAIVE.
• Análisis del estudio AMBER
• Análisis del estudio DIAMOND
• Simplificación del TARV cuando hay historia de FALLO.
• Análisis del estudio EMERALD
• Discusión clínica.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Estrategias terapéuticas
Alta eficacia
Disminución drástica en la
mortalidad y la morbilidad
relacionada con el SIDA
Retrasar la progresión de la
enfermedad
Mejora de la calidad de
vida
Restauración y
preservación de la función
del sistema inmunológico
Supresión completa y
duradera de la replicación
del VIH-1
Prevención de la
transmisión del virus
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Valoración
individualizada
de un TARV
eficaz
Adaptándolo al
• Estilo de vida
• Comorbilidades
• Interacciones
• Valorando el riesgo de mala
adherencia.
Toxicidad a medio-largo plazo
Impacto en la calidad de vida
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Dosis fijas en un único comprimido (STR)
• Simplifica
• Supresión virológica
de alto nivel y
sostenida.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
STR. Facilita
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
STR. Baja tasa de discontinuación
Infect Dis Ther (2014) 3:1–17 Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
STR. Durabilidad
AIDS Research and Treatment Volume 2015, Article ID 570316, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/570316
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
STR: Eficacia
Infect Dis Ther (2014) 3:1–17.
Todos las ramas STR
tuvieron más eficacia
que su grupo control
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Eficacia en la simplificación
1. Orkin C. et al. Lancet HIV. 2018;5:e23-34. 2. Mills A, et al. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16:43-52. 3. Hodder S, et al. J Acquir ImmuneDefic Syndr. 2018;78:209-13.
4. Trottier B, et al. Antivir Ther. 2017;22:295-305. 5. Daar E, et al. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017;4:735. 6. Molina JM, et al. Boston (USA): CROI; 2018.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
COMPARACIÓN: diferentes aspectos
Incluye un inhibidor de proteasa:
Symtuza. Único STR que incluye un IP
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
CARACTERÍSTICA: incluye TAF
Symtuza
Genvoya
Odefsey (no disponible en Argentina)
Biktarvy
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
CARACTERÍSTICA : alta barrera genética
Symtuza
Triumeq
Biktarvy
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
CARACTERÍSTICA : eficacia >90%
Symtuza
Triumeq
Biktarvy
Genvoya
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
COMPETENCIA: tolerancia del SNC
Symtuza
Odefsey
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
CARACTERÍSTICA : indicación en mujeres con riesgo de
embarazo
Symtuza
Atripla – Complera – Odefsey
Biktarvy – Genvoya - Stribild
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
CARACTERÍSTICA : indicación en mujeres embarazadas
Atripla
Triumeq (NO en el primer trimestre de embarazo)
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Biktarvy
Triumeq
CARACTERÍSTICA : buen perfil de interacciones
medicamentosas
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Combinación fija en un comprimido
Ventajas Desventajas
 Dosis de 1 sóla vez al día.
 Mejora la adherencia.
 Menor tamaño que la sumatoria de
todos sus componentes
 Mayor tolerancia (menos excipientes?)
 Mejora la calidad de vida
 Reduce el riesgo de adherencia
selectiva
 Reducción de costos
 Dosis fijas: no se puede indicar en
casos que requiera ajuste de dosis (Ej,
insuficiencia renal)
 Mayor costo en comparación con
genéricos.
•Cohen C, Davis KL, Meyers JL (ICAAC) 2011, Chicago, USA. Poster H2-791
•Sax PE, Meyers JL, Mugavero MJ, et al.. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e31591
•Colombo GL, Di Matteo S, Maggiolo F. ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research 2013;5:59-68
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
TARV en un
comprimido.
Ventajas
Satisfacción del paciente
• Calidad de vida
• Tolerabilidad
Adherencia
• En comorbilidades y multitratamientos
• Disminuye el riesgo de mutaciónes
• Disminuye la hospitalización
Supresión viral durable
Costos
AIDS,vol.28,no.17,pp.2531–2539,2014.. British Medical Journal Open, vol.3,no.8,ArticleIDe003028,2013. . Clinico Economics and Outcomes Research,vol.5,no.1,pp.59–68,2013.
AIDS Research and Treatment Volume 2015, Article ID 570316, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/570316
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Temario:
• Ventajas del TARV en un UNICO comprimido.
• Un Inhibidor de la Proteasa con un profármaco
• Inicio TEMPRANO en el paciente NAIVE.
• Análisis del estudio AMBER
• Análisis del estudio DIAMOND
• Simplificación del TARV cuando hay historia de FALLO.
• Análisis del estudio EMERALD
• Discusión clínica.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
TARV inmediato
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
GFR y Proteinuria durante el seguimiento
AIDS, Publish Ahead of Print DOI:
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001807 Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
NEJM 377;24
December 14, 2017
Fanconi’s syndrome.
proteinuria,
normoglycemic glucosuria,
hypophosphatemia
Phosphaturia
Aminoaciduria
Uricosuria
hypouricemia.
Nephrogenic diabetes
insipidus
acute tubular necrosis
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
• PLT substudy of randomized,
phase III Study 1717 (n = 61)[2]
• Lower collagen EC50 (ie, more
reactive PLTs) with ABC/3TC vs
TAF/FTC at Wks 4 and 12
NA-ACCORD: Recent ABC Use Associated With Risk of MI
• Analysis of 8265 ART recipients
with 29,077 PYFU and 123 MI
events in NA-ACCORD[1]
• MI risk increased with recent ABC
use (ie, in previous 6 mos)
• Adjusted HR: 1.84 (95% CI: 1.17-
2.91)
• Potential mechanism: enhanced
PLT activation?
1. Elion RA, et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018.
2. Mallon PW, et al. CROI 2018. Abstract 80.
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
Baseline Wk 4 Wk 12
TAF/FTC (n = 29) ABC/3TC (n = 32)
P = .29 P = .005 P = .02
Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
MeanCollagen
EC50(mg/mL)
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Trastornos estado ánimo y adherencia
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Sobrepeso
Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com
PredictedWeight(kg)
Yrs Since ART Initiation
86
84
82
80
0 1 2 3 4 5
Yr 2
Yr 5
INSTI
PI
NNRTI
+4.9
+4.4
+3.3
+6.0
+5.1
+4.3
PredictedWeight(kg)
86
84
82
80
Yrs Since ART Initiation
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Yr 2
DTG
RAL
EVG
+6.0
+4.9
+3.8
PI
NNRTI
Bourgi. CROI 2019. Abstr 670. Reproduced with permission. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Incremento
de la
resistencia
primaria a
INNTR
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
TARV precoz mejora los resultados clínicos
• Systematic review of ART initiation within 14 days of eligibility determination
across 4 randomized clinical trials
• Compared with standard care, same-day ART increased likelihood of ART initiation in
first 90 days, patient retention and viral suppression at 12 mos
Ford N, et al. AIDS. 2018;32:17-23.
Characteristic
ART start within 90 days
Retained in care at 12 mos
Viral suppression at 12 mos
LTFU at 12 mos
Died by 12 mos
.2 1 3
Standard Care Same Day ART
2
RR (95% CI)
1.35 (1.13-1.62)
1.11 (0.99-1.26)
1.17 (1.07-1.27)
0.66 (0.42-1.04)
0.53 (0.28-1.00)
Slide credit: clinicaloptions.comPablo Parenti, MD PhD
NAIVE
Estudio AMBER
• A Phase 3, randomized, double-blind trial in
antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected
adults to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the
once-daily, single-tablet regimen of
darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir
alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) versus
darunavir/cobicistat plus
emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
Week 48
• Efficacy and safety of the once-daily,
darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir
alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF)
single-tablet regimen in antiretroviral treatment-
naïve adults living with HIV-1
Week 96
Amber st group
Orkin C, et al.
HIV Glasgow 2018
p0212 (W96)
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
ART-naïve adults (N=725)
 Screening plasma VL ≥1,000
c/mL
 CD4+ >50 cells/mm3
 Genotypic susceptibility to
DRV, FTC and TFV
 HBV/HCV negative
1:1
D/C/F/TAF arm
N=362
Control arm N=363
D/C+F/TDF
N=363
D/C/F/TAF switch
N=295
Patient-years of exposurea 626 512 109
Median (IQR) exposure, weeksb 96.1 (95.6; 97.0) 73.1 (72.0; 84.3) 22.3 (12.1; 24.3)
ART, antiretroviral therapy; VL, viral load; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IQR, inter-quartile range
aPatient-years of exposure = sum of treatment duration (weeks) x 7 /365.25;
bTreatment duration, weeks = (end of treatment phase – start of treatment phase + 1) /7
This presentation will focus primarily on the D/C/F/TAF group
Baseline Week 96Week 48
Primary endpoint
Double-blind treatment phase Extension phase
D/C/F/TAF
D/C/F/TAF
Roll-over phase
D/C + F/TDF D/C/F/TAF switch
Week 48 database
lock and unblinding
AMBER: Diseño del estudio
Muy buena persistencia en el tratamiento a 96 semanas
725 randomised 1:1 and
treated
866 patients screened
362 received
D/C/F/TAF
16 (5%) discontinued
0 died
0 due to adverse events
5 withdrew consent
4 lost to follow-up
0 non-adherent with study drug
4 physician decision
3 other reasons 319 (88%) reached
Week 96
335 treated in extension
after Week 48
27 (7%) discontinued
0 died
8 due to adverse events
4 withdrew consent
8 lost to follow-up
2 non-adherent with study drug
3 physician decision
2 other reasons
363 received
D/C + F/TDF
5 (2%) discontinued
0 died
1 due to adverse events
1 withdrew consent
2 lost to follow-up
0 non-adherent with study drug
0 physician decision
1 other reasons
290 (80%) reached
Week 96
295 switched to
D/C/F/TAF
26 (7%) did not switch by Week 96
42 (12%) discontinued
1 died (follow-up phase)
16 due to adverse events
9 withdrew consent
9 lost to follow-up
0 non-adherent with study drug
4 physician decision
1 pregnancy
2 other reasons
141 not randomised, not treated
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Las características basales se permitían resistencias
D/C/F/TAF
N=362
Control
N=363
Total
N=725
Median (IQR) age, years 34 (27–42) 34 (27–42) 34 (27–42)
Female, n (%) 44 (12) 41 (11) 85 (12)
Race, n (%)
White 300 (83) 300 (83) 600 (83)
Black 40 (11) 40 (11) 80 (11)
Other 22 (6) 23 (6) 45 (6)
Median (IQR) log10 VL, c/mL 4.4 (4.0–4.8) 4.6 (4.2–4.9) 4.5 (4.1–4.9)
VL ≥100,000 c/mL, n (%)
60 (17) 70 (19) 130 (18)
Median (IQR) CD4+ count, cells/mm3 461.5 (342–617) 440.0 (325–594) 453.0 (333–601)
CD4+ count <200 cells/mm3, n (%) 22 (6) 29 (8) 51 (7)
Genotype at screening N=361 N=362 N=723
≥1 NNRTI RAMs 55 (15) 63 (17) 118 (16)
≥1 NRTI RAMs 18 (5) 16 (4) 34 (5)
≥1 primary PI RAMs 7 (2) 8 (2) 15 (2)
IQR, inter-quartile range; VL, viral load; RAMs, resistance-associated mutations
0
20
40
60
80
100
VL <50 c/mL VL < 200 c/mL
VL<50or<200c/mL
(%,95%CIa)
331 (91%) 321 (88%)
16 (4%) 12 (3%)
15 (4%) 30 (8%)
ITT, intent-to-treat; VL, viral load; NVD, no virologic data aTwo-sided Exact Clopper-Pearson 95% confidence interval (CI)
D/C/F/TAF arm (N=362)
Week 48
<200 c/mL 336 (93%) 329 (91%) 312 (86%) 312 (86%)
≥200 c/mL 10 (3%) 4 (1%) 15 (4%) 6 (2%)
NVD 16 (4%) 30 (8%) 35 (10%) 45 (12%)
308 (85%) 304 (84%)
20 (6%) 16 (4%)
34 (9%) 43 (12%)
Control arm (N=363)
Week 48Week 96 Week 96
VL <50 c/mL
VL ≥50 c/mL
No virologic data
Muy buenas tasas de eficacia por Snapshot a 96 semanas
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Adherencia
Worst Compliance,
n (%)
D/C/F/TAF
(N=362)
Control
(N=363)
N 299 307
>95% 264 (88.3%) 271 (88.3%)
[80%; 95%] 33 (11.0%) 32 (10.4%)
[65%; 80%] 0 2 (0.7%)
[50%; 65%] 2 (0.7%) 2 (0.7%)
≤ 50% 0 0
Mean (SD) 99.03 (9.204) 98.45 (5.358)
Median
(Min; Max)
100.00
(60.2; 233.3)
100.00
(55.9; 139.4)
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
ITT, intent-to-treat; BL, baseline; VL, viral load; aTwo-sided Exact Clopper-Pearson 95% confidence interval (CI)
BL VL, c/mL BL CD4+, cells/mm3 GenderAge, years
303 59 2
2
340 44 318326 36N= 300 40
Race
20331 3
2
41 322 300 4029 334293 70 21
86 81 73 86 85
89 86
85 87
70
90
85 77
83
84
83
88
76
85 84
83
86
0
20
40
60
80
100
≤100k >100k <200 ≥200 ≤50 >50 Female Male White Black Other
VL<50c/mL(%,95%CIa)
D/C/F/TAF arm (N=362) Control arm (N=363)
Se mantiene la eficacia independientemente de las
Características Basales
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
• Post-baseline genotyping/phenotyping (PhenoSenseGT) performed in PDVFs (virologic non-response, virologic rebound
and/or viraemic at final timepoint) with VL ≥400 c/mL at failure or at later time points
• Available genotype/phenotype data in:
• 9/15 PDVFs (D/C/F/TAF from baseline through Week 96)
• M184I/V RAM detected at Week 36 in one patienta,1
• 8/19 PDVFs (Control arm from baseline through Week 96)
• M184V RAM detected at Week 84 (post-switch visit) in one patientb
• No DRV, primary PI or TFV RAMs observed post-baseline
PDVF, protocol-defined virologic failure; VL, viral load; RAMs, resistance-associated mutations;
aFTC and 3TC resistance; patient had transmitted NNRTI resistance at screening and M184V was detected pre-treatment as minority variant (9%); Adherence based on pill count:
102%; discontinued due to non-compliance (DRV PK levels low);
bFTC and 3TC resistance; Adherence based on pill count: 90%-switch-80%; no PK data 1. Lathouwers E, et al. HIV Glasgow 2018. Abstract P294
49
No se evidencian resistencias a las 96S
5.2a
4.2
2.5
1.1 1.1
3.8
4.2
2.5
1.1 1.1
3.8
5.1
3.0
1.2
1.4
4.0
4.4
2.6
1.1
1.3
3.9
0
1
2
3
4
5
Total cholesterol LDL-C HDL-C Triglycerides TC:HDL-C ratio
Medianlipidvalue(mmol/L)
D/C/F/TAF baseline Control baseline D/C/F/TAF arm Week 48 Control Week 48 D/C/F/TAF arm Week 96
4.2a
4
3
2
1
0
MedianTC:HDL-Cratio
3.2a
1.2a 1.5a
Mínima diferencia en los lípidos, mayor efecto
hipolipemiante de TDF en comparación con TAF
• In the D/C/F/TAF arm, lipid-lowering drugs started by 7 (2%) and 14 (4%) of patients by Weeks 48 and 96, respectively
TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol;
ap<0.001 for within treatment arm changes at Week 96 from baseline (Wilcoxon signed-rank test)
5
Diferencia en mg/dL= 25
Diferencia en mg/dL= 23
Diferencia en mg/dL= 3,5
Diferencia en mg/dL= 30
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Incidence, n (%)
D/C/F/TAF arm
Baseline–Week 48
N=362
Baseline–Week 96
N=362
Patient-years exposurea 323 626
≥1 AE, any grade 312 (86) 334 (92)
Study drug-related AEs 128 (35) 142 (39)
Study drug-related AEs (≥5%)
Diarrhoeab 33 (9) 34 (9)
Rash 22 (6) 22 (6)
Nausea 20 (6) 20 (6)
Study drug-related Grade 3‒4 AEs 6 (2) 11 (3)
≥1 serious AE 17 (5) 39 (11)
Study drug-related serious AEs 0 1 (<1)
≥1 AE leading to discontinuation 8 (2) 10 (3)
• No cases of Fanconi Syndrome or subclinical PRT in the D/C/F/TAF arm through Week 96
• No D/C/F/TAF discontinuations due to bone, renal or CNS AEs
AE, adverse event; PRT, proximal renal tubulopathy; CNS, central nervous system; aPatient-years of exposure = sum of treatment duration (weeks) x 7 /365.25; bAll cases were mild: Grade 1: 27% and
Grade 2: 7% D/C/F/TAF arm Baseline-Week 96
Pocas discontinuaciones por EAs
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Conclusiones
(Amber 96w)
D/C/F/TAF
Altas tasas de respuesta en todos los
subgrupos (85% VL <50 c/mL; FDA Snapshot).
• Comparables a BIC y DTG
Bajas tasas de FV (6% VL ≥50 c/mL; FDA
Snapshot)
• No desarrollo de Resistencias a DRV, primarias a IPs or
TDF RAMs
Baja tasa de discontinuación por Eventos
Adversos
• menos EAs del SNC que en BIC y DTG
• Seguridad renal y osea
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Inicio temprano
Estudio DIAMOND
Darunavir/cobicistat/e
mtricitabine/tenofovir
alafenamide (D/C/F/TA
F) rapid initiation for
HIV-1 infection
13th Annual American Conference for the Treatment of HIV
(ACTHIV); April 11-13, 2019; Miami, Florida.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
DIAMOND 48 weeks
In this rapid-initiation trial, treatment began before resistance test results were available.
Primary endpoint: Proportion of patients with VL <50 copies/mL at 48 weeks (ITT/FDA Snapshot)1
Secondary endpoint: Proportion of patients with VL <50 copies/mL at 48 weeks (observed analysis)1
Huhn G, Crofoot G, Ramgopal M, et al. Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) rapid initiation for HIV-1
infection: primary analysis of the DIAMOND study. Poster presented at: 13th Annual American Conference for the Treatment of HIV (ACTHIV);
April 11-13, 2019; Miami, Florida.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Datos demográficos
• CD4+<200 21%
• CV≥100,000 25%
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Eficacia
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Tolerancia
No patients discontinued treatment due to central
nervous system, renal, or bone adverse reactions.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Conclusiones
Primer ensayo de un STR en un modelo de atención de inicio rápido
Una alta proporción de pacientes que usaron D/C/F/TAF lograron CV <50
Ningún paciente tuvo fallo virológico.
Solo hubo 1 interrupción debido a un EA.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Temario:
• Ventajas del TARV en un UNICO comprimido.
• Un Inhibidor de la Proteasa con un profármaco
• Inicio TEMPRANO en el paciente NAIVE.
• Análisis del estudio AMBER
• Análisis del estudio DIAMOND
• Simplificación del TARV cuando hay historia de FALLO.
• Análisis del estudio EMERALD
• Discusión clínica.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Terapia Antirretroviral: cambios por toxicidad o simplificación (sin fracaso). Dra. Susana Cabrera
/ Prof. Agda. De la Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas. FMED. UdelaR. 3 julio 2017
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Terapia Antirretroviral: cambios por toxicidad o simplificación (sin fracaso). Dra. Susana Cabrera
/ Prof. Agda. De la Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas. FMED. UdelaR. 3 julio 2017
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Simplificación: Principios
Resistencia
 TARV y fallos previos.
 Test de Resistencia Previos
 Probables resistencias previas
 Precuación al modificar IP/r a otra
clase si no se conoce bien la
historia de Resistencia.
 Precuación cuando hay Resistencia
a más de una clase de ARV
 Mantener la misma familia de ARV
cuando no hay Resistencia en su
clase
Seguridad y Comorbilidades
 Intolerancias previas
 HLA-B*5701
 Interacciones
 VHB
 Factores Riesgo Cardiovascular
 Enfermedad Cardiovascular
 Daño Renal
 Daño Oseo
 Otras
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Simplificación.
EMERALD 96
WEEKS
•A phase 3, randomized, non-inferiority study evaluating the efficacy
and safety of switching from boosted-protease inhibitors (bPI) plus
emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) regimens to
the once daily (QD), single-tablet regimen (STR) of
darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF)
in virologically-suppressed, HIV-1-infected adults.
•IDWeek 2017. San Diego, October 4-8, 2017. Abstract #: 1689b.
W48.
•Efficacy and safety results of the phase 3, randomized EMERALD trial
to evaluate switching from boosted-protease inhibitors plus
emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to the once
daily, single-tablet regimen of
darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF)
in treatment-experienced, virologically-suppressed, HIV-1-infected
adults. P
•IDWeek 2018, San Francisco, CA. October 3-7, 2018. Abstract #:
1768.
W96
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
6
7
Paciente VIH-1 mayor de 18 años
6 meses en tto con ATV, DRV, o LPV + r/c
Al menos 2 meses CV <50 c/mL. Se permite un BLIP (entre ≥50 c/mL and <200c/mL) en los 12 meses previos. .
eGFRcr ≥50 mL/min
No Hº de FV fracaso con DRV y no RAMs a DRV (si disponible genotipo)
SE PERMITEN FRACASOS PREVIOS A OTROS FÁRMACOS
CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
EMERALD: Phase 3, Randomized, Open-label, Multicenter Trial
1IAS-USA (Wensing AM, et al. Top Antivir Med 2014;22:642–50)
Key inclusion criteria:
• On a stable bPI + F/TDF regimen for ≥6 months
• VL <50 c/mL for ≥2 months before screening; one 50≤VL<200 c/mL within 12 months prior to screening allowed
• Previous ART VF allowed (no history of VF on DRV-based regimens), and if historical genotypes were available, absence of DRV RAMs1; no
restriction on FTC or tenofovir RAMs
Baseline Week 96
Randomization
2:1
N=1141
Week 48
Primary endpoint
Screening phase Treatment phase Extension phase
≤30 days prior to
baseline
Week 24
Interim analysis
D/C/F/TAF
D/C/F/TAF
Roll-over phase
Primary objective: Assess efficacy (non-inferiority) and safety of switching to D/C/F/TAF vs continuing
bPI + F/TDF regimens in virologically suppressed adults until Week 48
Secondary objectives to evaluate long-term safety, resistance and
efficacy of D/C/F/TAF (until Week 96 and beyond)
Continue bPI + F/TDF D/C/F/TAF late switch
1141 randomized 2:1
and treated
1299 patients screened
150 not randomized, not treated
8 randomized, not treated
763 switched to
D/C/F/TAF
27 (4%) discontinued
2 died
5 due to AEsa
6 withdrew consent
7 lost to follow-up
1 non-adherent with study drug
6 other reasons 699 (92%) ongoing
through Week 96
2 completedb
728 treated in extension
after Week 48
35 (5%) discontinued
0 died
11 due to AEs
10 withdrew consent
5 lost to follow-up
2 non-adherent with study drug
7 other reasons
aIncluding one fatal serious adverse event (AE)
bSwitched to commercially available D/C/F/TAF
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
EFICACIA MANTENIDA POR ENCIMA DEL 90% A 96W
95 95
91 91
0
20
40
60
80
100
VL<50 c/mL VL<200 c/mL
VL<50or<200c/mL
(%,95%CIa)
D/C/F/TAF
Week 48
(N=763)
D/C/F/TAF
Week 96
(N=763)
VL <50 c/mL 724 (95%) 692 (91%) VL <200 c/mL 725 (95%) 696 (91%)
VL ≥50 c/mL 6 (1%) 9 (1%) VL ≥200 c/mL 3 (<1%) 2 (<1%)
No virologic data 33 (4%) 62 (8%) No virologic data 35 (5%) 65 (9%)
• Less than or equal to 1% of patients experienced virologic non-response (VL ≥50 or ≥200 c/mL)
• No discontinuations for efficacy reasons
ITT, intent-to-treat; VL, viral load; aTwo-sided Exact Clopper-Pearson 95% confidence interval (CI)
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
0
1
2
3
4
5
≥50 c/mL ≥200 c/mL
PDVR(%,95%CIa)
2.5
(n=19)
3.1
(n=24)
D/C/F/TAF
Baseline through Week 48
(N=763)
D/C/F/TAF
Baseline through Week 96
(N=763)
Rebounders resuppressed
at end of period
12/19 14/24 0/3 2/4
MENOS DE UN 1% DE AUMENTO EN REBOTE VIROLÓGICO
0.4
(n=3)
0.5
(n=4)
• Between Weeks 48 and 96, there was <1% increase in virologic rebound (VL ≥50 c/mL)
PDVR, protocol-defined virologic rebound; ITT, intent-to-treat; VL, viral load; aTwo-sided Exact Clopper-Pearson 95% confidence interval (CI)
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
EMERALD: Análisis de subgrupos del estudio según el número de FALLOS VIROLOGICOS previos y los ARV
utilizados
• No hubo diferencias significativas en rebote virológico en semana 48 de acuerdo al número de fallos virológicos previos o ARVs
usados.
Eron JJ, et al. CROI 2018. Abstract 502.
Cumulative Virologic Rebound Through Wk 48
Overall
Population
4 5 6
Prior VF Number of Prior ARVs Used
7 > 70 ≥ 1
Switch to DRV/COBI/FTC/TAF
Continued boosted PI + FTC/TDF
PatientsWithVirologicRebound(%)
100
0
15
10
5
n/N =
0/53
∆ 0.4
(-1.5, 2.2)
∆ 0
(-2.6, 2.0)
∆ 2.6
(-4.8, 7.5)
∆ 0.3
(-3.4, 3.1) ∆ 0.3
(-7.8, 5.9)
∆ 3.9
(-11.0, 13.7)
∆ -3.3
(-17.5, 2.7) ∆ 0.4
(-5.0, 3.9)
2.5
2.1
2.5 2.5 2.6
0
2.2 1.9 2.0 1.8
7.2
3.3
0
3.3
2.4
2.0
19/763 8/378 16/647 8/325 3/116 7/316 3/160 2/98 1/56 5/69 1/30 0/69 1/30 5/211 2/101
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Ninguna
resistencia ni
para drv ni
para
acompañantes
Se analiza el genotipo de pacientes que presentan
VL ≥400 c/mL, tanto si estan en rebote
confirmado como si no, y en discontinuaciones.
Se tiene genotipo disponible en :
• 4 rebotes en symtuza
• 5 rebotes en control
• 2 rebotes de cambio tardío a symtuza
Sin mutaciones para DRV, IP (primarias), TFV o
FTC.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
TOLERABILIDAD
Incidence, n (%)
D/C/F/TAF arm
(Baseline–Week 48)
N=763
D/C/F/TAF arm
(Baseline–Week 96)
N=763
≥1 AE, any grade 630 (83) 690 (90)
AEs (≥10%)
Upper respiratory tract infection 81 (11) 122 (16)
Viral upper respiratory tract infection 72 (9) 98 (13)
Diarrhea 60 (8) 80 (11)
Headache 58 (8) 79 (10)
Back pain 55 (7) 76 (10)
Study drug-related AEs 144 (19) 165 (22)
Study drug-related Grade 3 or 4 AEs 10 (1) 14 (2)
≥1 serious AE 35 (5) 66 (9)
Study drug-related serious AEs 1 (<1) 2 (<1)
≥1 AE leading to discontinuation 12 (2) 17 (2)
Discontinuations due to renal AEs 1 (<1) 2 (<1)a
Deaths 0 3 (<1)b
• No cases of Fanconi Syndrome or subclinical PRT
detected in the D/C/F/TAF arm through Week 96
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
PERFIL LIPÍDICO ENTRE WK 48 Y WK 96
• Lipid parameters remained consistent after Week 48
• Lipid-lowering drugs started by 20 (3%) and 59 (8%) of patients by Weeks 48 and 96, respectively
TC, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ap<0.001 for within treatment arm changes at Week 96 from baseline (Wilcoxon signed-rank test)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Total cholesterol LDL-C HDL-C Triglycerides TC:HDL-C ratio
Medianlipidvalue(mg/dL)
D/C/F/TAF baseline D/C/F/TAF arm Week 48 D/C/F/TAF arm Week 96
3.8
4.0 4.0a
4
3
2
1
0
MedianTC:HDL-Cratio
184
205 207a
108
123 123a
47 50 51a
123
130 132a
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
CONCLUSIONES
EFICACIA ELEVADA (91%).
• BAJAS TASAS DE FRACASO
VIROLÓGICO (1%)
• NO DESARROLLO RESISTENCIAS A
FÁRMACOS
2% DISCONTINUACIONES POR
EAs, 0 POR FV
• LÍPIDOS ESTABLES DESDE SEMANA 48
• MEJORA ÓSEA CONTINUA
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Temario:
• Ventajas del TARV en un UNICO comprimido.
• Un Inhibidor de la Proteasa con un profármaco
• Inicio TEMPRANO en el paciente NAIVE.
• Análisis del estudio AMBER
• Análisis del estudio DIAMOND
• Simplificación del TARV cuando hay historia de FALLO.
• Análisis del estudio EMERALD
• Discusión clínica.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
VII CONSENSO
ARGENTINO DE TERAPIA
ANTIRRETROVIRAL
2018 - 2019
• Calidad y el tiempo de sobrevida.
• Supresión viral completa y sostenida
• Recuperación de la función inmune
• Limita el reservorio viral
• Evita la progresión clínica
• Prevención de la transmisión
• El inicio temprano disminución la
morbimortalidad asociada y mejora
el pronóstico.
CAPÍTULO I
INICIO DE TRATAMIENTO ANTIRRETROVIRAL
Coordinador:
Jorge Contarelli
Autores:
Pablo Francisco Parenti
Juan Manuel Poggio
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Regímenes preferidos
• Uso de ABC: con HLA-B*5701
negativo y evaluación del RCV.
• ‡ Uso de TDF o TAF: con HBs Ag
positivo. La elección dependerá
del riesgo o presencia de
enfermedad ósea o renal, uso de
otros fármacos potenciadores (RTV
o COBI), nefrotóxicos y
disponibilidad. Intercambiabilidad
clínica de 3TC con FTC.
• # Uso de INSTIs: precaución con
antiácidos y polivitamínicos que
contienen Al/Ca/Mg.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Cambio
dentro de
una misma
clase
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Rev Panam Infectol. 2016;18(1):16-28
Falta genotipificación basal
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Tratamientos a largo plazo
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Utilidad
clínica
TAF
FTC
DRV
Cobi
Primer tratamiento de VIH-1 en adultos y
adolescentes
• Inicio rápido
• Cuando no se dispone de HLA (Abacavir)
• Cuando no se disponde de test de resistencia
(INNTR)
• Pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular (Abacavir)
• Pacientes con riesgo óseo y/o renal (Tenofovir)
• Cuando se prevee mala adherencia
(INNTR,RAL,ELV/c)
Simplificación
• Cuando hay historia de fallo o de mala adherencia.
• Cuando es por daño renal u óseo
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Aunque requiere de más esfuerzo intelectual a
la hora de decidir,
tener múltiples opciones nos da una mayor
tranquilidad.
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
Muchas Gracias
Pablo Parenti, MD PhD

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Tratamiento Antirretroviral coformulado con un IP

  • 1. Tratamiento Antirretroviral coformulado con un IP Adherencia, seguridad y potencia, un solo concepto Pablo F. Parenti, MD PhD 2019 Rosario Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 2. UNAIDS 2013 “La infección por el VIH sigue siendo una enfermedad que amenaza la vida de aquellas personas infectadas que no reciben un tratamiento óptimo iniciado lo suficientemente temprano y/o se infectaron con variantes del virus que son resistentes a varias clases de medicamentos antirretrovirales” Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 3. Temario: • Ventajas del TARV en un UNICO comprimido. • Un Inhibidor de la Proteasa con un profármaco • Inicio TEMPRANO en el paciente NAIVE. • Análisis del estudio AMBER • Análisis del estudio DIAMOND • Simplificación del TARV cuando hay historia de FALLO. • Análisis del estudio EMERALD • Discusión clínica. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 4. Temario: • Ventajas del TARV en un UNICO comprimido. • Un Inhibidor de la Proteasa con un profármaco • Inicio TEMPRANO en el paciente NAIVE. • Análisis del estudio AMBER • Análisis del estudio DIAMOND • Simplificación del TARV cuando hay historia de FALLO. • Análisis del estudio EMERALD • Discusión clínica. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 5. Estrategias terapéuticas Alta eficacia Disminución drástica en la mortalidad y la morbilidad relacionada con el SIDA Retrasar la progresión de la enfermedad Mejora de la calidad de vida Restauración y preservación de la función del sistema inmunológico Supresión completa y duradera de la replicación del VIH-1 Prevención de la transmisión del virus Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 6. Valoración individualizada de un TARV eficaz Adaptándolo al • Estilo de vida • Comorbilidades • Interacciones • Valorando el riesgo de mala adherencia. Toxicidad a medio-largo plazo Impacto en la calidad de vida Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 7. Dosis fijas en un único comprimido (STR) • Simplifica • Supresión virológica de alto nivel y sostenida. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 9. STR. Baja tasa de discontinuación Infect Dis Ther (2014) 3:1–17 Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 10. STR. Durabilidad AIDS Research and Treatment Volume 2015, Article ID 570316, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/570316 Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 11. STR: Eficacia Infect Dis Ther (2014) 3:1–17. Todos las ramas STR tuvieron más eficacia que su grupo control Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 12. Eficacia en la simplificación 1. Orkin C. et al. Lancet HIV. 2018;5:e23-34. 2. Mills A, et al. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16:43-52. 3. Hodder S, et al. J Acquir ImmuneDefic Syndr. 2018;78:209-13. 4. Trottier B, et al. Antivir Ther. 2017;22:295-305. 5. Daar E, et al. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017;4:735. 6. Molina JM, et al. Boston (USA): CROI; 2018. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 14. COMPARACIÓN: diferentes aspectos Incluye un inhibidor de proteasa: Symtuza. Único STR que incluye un IP Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 15. CARACTERÍSTICA: incluye TAF Symtuza Genvoya Odefsey (no disponible en Argentina) Biktarvy Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 16. CARACTERÍSTICA : alta barrera genética Symtuza Triumeq Biktarvy Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 17. CARACTERÍSTICA : eficacia >90% Symtuza Triumeq Biktarvy Genvoya Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 18. COMPETENCIA: tolerancia del SNC Symtuza Odefsey Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 19. CARACTERÍSTICA : indicación en mujeres con riesgo de embarazo Symtuza Atripla – Complera – Odefsey Biktarvy – Genvoya - Stribild Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 20. CARACTERÍSTICA : indicación en mujeres embarazadas Atripla Triumeq (NO en el primer trimestre de embarazo) Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 21. Biktarvy Triumeq CARACTERÍSTICA : buen perfil de interacciones medicamentosas Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 23. Combinación fija en un comprimido Ventajas Desventajas  Dosis de 1 sóla vez al día.  Mejora la adherencia.  Menor tamaño que la sumatoria de todos sus componentes  Mayor tolerancia (menos excipientes?)  Mejora la calidad de vida  Reduce el riesgo de adherencia selectiva  Reducción de costos  Dosis fijas: no se puede indicar en casos que requiera ajuste de dosis (Ej, insuficiencia renal)  Mayor costo en comparación con genéricos. •Cohen C, Davis KL, Meyers JL (ICAAC) 2011, Chicago, USA. Poster H2-791 •Sax PE, Meyers JL, Mugavero MJ, et al.. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e31591 •Colombo GL, Di Matteo S, Maggiolo F. ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research 2013;5:59-68 Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 24. TARV en un comprimido. Ventajas Satisfacción del paciente • Calidad de vida • Tolerabilidad Adherencia • En comorbilidades y multitratamientos • Disminuye el riesgo de mutaciónes • Disminuye la hospitalización Supresión viral durable Costos AIDS,vol.28,no.17,pp.2531–2539,2014.. British Medical Journal Open, vol.3,no.8,ArticleIDe003028,2013. . Clinico Economics and Outcomes Research,vol.5,no.1,pp.59–68,2013. AIDS Research and Treatment Volume 2015, Article ID 570316, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/570316 Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 25. Temario: • Ventajas del TARV en un UNICO comprimido. • Un Inhibidor de la Proteasa con un profármaco • Inicio TEMPRANO en el paciente NAIVE. • Análisis del estudio AMBER • Análisis del estudio DIAMOND • Simplificación del TARV cuando hay historia de FALLO. • Análisis del estudio EMERALD • Discusión clínica. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 32. GFR y Proteinuria durante el seguimiento AIDS, Publish Ahead of Print DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001807 Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 33. NEJM 377;24 December 14, 2017 Fanconi’s syndrome. proteinuria, normoglycemic glucosuria, hypophosphatemia Phosphaturia Aminoaciduria Uricosuria hypouricemia. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus acute tubular necrosis Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 36. • PLT substudy of randomized, phase III Study 1717 (n = 61)[2] • Lower collagen EC50 (ie, more reactive PLTs) with ABC/3TC vs TAF/FTC at Wks 4 and 12 NA-ACCORD: Recent ABC Use Associated With Risk of MI • Analysis of 8265 ART recipients with 29,077 PYFU and 123 MI events in NA-ACCORD[1] • MI risk increased with recent ABC use (ie, in previous 6 mos) • Adjusted HR: 1.84 (95% CI: 1.17- 2.91) • Potential mechanism: enhanced PLT activation? 1. Elion RA, et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018. 2. Mallon PW, et al. CROI 2018. Abstract 80. 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 Baseline Wk 4 Wk 12 TAF/FTC (n = 29) ABC/3TC (n = 32) P = .29 P = .005 P = .02 Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com MeanCollagen EC50(mg/mL) Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 37. Trastornos estado ánimo y adherencia Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 38. Sobrepeso Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com PredictedWeight(kg) Yrs Since ART Initiation 86 84 82 80 0 1 2 3 4 5 Yr 2 Yr 5 INSTI PI NNRTI +4.9 +4.4 +3.3 +6.0 +5.1 +4.3 PredictedWeight(kg) 86 84 82 80 Yrs Since ART Initiation 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Yr 2 DTG RAL EVG +6.0 +4.9 +3.8 PI NNRTI Bourgi. CROI 2019. Abstr 670. Reproduced with permission. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 40. TARV precoz mejora los resultados clínicos • Systematic review of ART initiation within 14 days of eligibility determination across 4 randomized clinical trials • Compared with standard care, same-day ART increased likelihood of ART initiation in first 90 days, patient retention and viral suppression at 12 mos Ford N, et al. AIDS. 2018;32:17-23. Characteristic ART start within 90 days Retained in care at 12 mos Viral suppression at 12 mos LTFU at 12 mos Died by 12 mos .2 1 3 Standard Care Same Day ART 2 RR (95% CI) 1.35 (1.13-1.62) 1.11 (0.99-1.26) 1.17 (1.07-1.27) 0.66 (0.42-1.04) 0.53 (0.28-1.00) Slide credit: clinicaloptions.comPablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 41. NAIVE Estudio AMBER • A Phase 3, randomized, double-blind trial in antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected adults to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the once-daily, single-tablet regimen of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) versus darunavir/cobicistat plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Week 48 • Efficacy and safety of the once-daily, darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) single-tablet regimen in antiretroviral treatment- naïve adults living with HIV-1 Week 96 Amber st group Orkin C, et al. HIV Glasgow 2018 p0212 (W96) Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 42. ART-naïve adults (N=725)  Screening plasma VL ≥1,000 c/mL  CD4+ >50 cells/mm3  Genotypic susceptibility to DRV, FTC and TFV  HBV/HCV negative 1:1 D/C/F/TAF arm N=362 Control arm N=363 D/C+F/TDF N=363 D/C/F/TAF switch N=295 Patient-years of exposurea 626 512 109 Median (IQR) exposure, weeksb 96.1 (95.6; 97.0) 73.1 (72.0; 84.3) 22.3 (12.1; 24.3) ART, antiretroviral therapy; VL, viral load; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IQR, inter-quartile range aPatient-years of exposure = sum of treatment duration (weeks) x 7 /365.25; bTreatment duration, weeks = (end of treatment phase – start of treatment phase + 1) /7 This presentation will focus primarily on the D/C/F/TAF group Baseline Week 96Week 48 Primary endpoint Double-blind treatment phase Extension phase D/C/F/TAF D/C/F/TAF Roll-over phase D/C + F/TDF D/C/F/TAF switch Week 48 database lock and unblinding AMBER: Diseño del estudio
  • 43. Muy buena persistencia en el tratamiento a 96 semanas 725 randomised 1:1 and treated 866 patients screened 362 received D/C/F/TAF 16 (5%) discontinued 0 died 0 due to adverse events 5 withdrew consent 4 lost to follow-up 0 non-adherent with study drug 4 physician decision 3 other reasons 319 (88%) reached Week 96 335 treated in extension after Week 48 27 (7%) discontinued 0 died 8 due to adverse events 4 withdrew consent 8 lost to follow-up 2 non-adherent with study drug 3 physician decision 2 other reasons 363 received D/C + F/TDF 5 (2%) discontinued 0 died 1 due to adverse events 1 withdrew consent 2 lost to follow-up 0 non-adherent with study drug 0 physician decision 1 other reasons 290 (80%) reached Week 96 295 switched to D/C/F/TAF 26 (7%) did not switch by Week 96 42 (12%) discontinued 1 died (follow-up phase) 16 due to adverse events 9 withdrew consent 9 lost to follow-up 0 non-adherent with study drug 4 physician decision 1 pregnancy 2 other reasons 141 not randomised, not treated Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 44. Las características basales se permitían resistencias D/C/F/TAF N=362 Control N=363 Total N=725 Median (IQR) age, years 34 (27–42) 34 (27–42) 34 (27–42) Female, n (%) 44 (12) 41 (11) 85 (12) Race, n (%) White 300 (83) 300 (83) 600 (83) Black 40 (11) 40 (11) 80 (11) Other 22 (6) 23 (6) 45 (6) Median (IQR) log10 VL, c/mL 4.4 (4.0–4.8) 4.6 (4.2–4.9) 4.5 (4.1–4.9) VL ≥100,000 c/mL, n (%) 60 (17) 70 (19) 130 (18) Median (IQR) CD4+ count, cells/mm3 461.5 (342–617) 440.0 (325–594) 453.0 (333–601) CD4+ count <200 cells/mm3, n (%) 22 (6) 29 (8) 51 (7) Genotype at screening N=361 N=362 N=723 ≥1 NNRTI RAMs 55 (15) 63 (17) 118 (16) ≥1 NRTI RAMs 18 (5) 16 (4) 34 (5) ≥1 primary PI RAMs 7 (2) 8 (2) 15 (2) IQR, inter-quartile range; VL, viral load; RAMs, resistance-associated mutations
  • 45. 0 20 40 60 80 100 VL <50 c/mL VL < 200 c/mL VL<50or<200c/mL (%,95%CIa) 331 (91%) 321 (88%) 16 (4%) 12 (3%) 15 (4%) 30 (8%) ITT, intent-to-treat; VL, viral load; NVD, no virologic data aTwo-sided Exact Clopper-Pearson 95% confidence interval (CI) D/C/F/TAF arm (N=362) Week 48 <200 c/mL 336 (93%) 329 (91%) 312 (86%) 312 (86%) ≥200 c/mL 10 (3%) 4 (1%) 15 (4%) 6 (2%) NVD 16 (4%) 30 (8%) 35 (10%) 45 (12%) 308 (85%) 304 (84%) 20 (6%) 16 (4%) 34 (9%) 43 (12%) Control arm (N=363) Week 48Week 96 Week 96 VL <50 c/mL VL ≥50 c/mL No virologic data Muy buenas tasas de eficacia por Snapshot a 96 semanas Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 46. Adherencia Worst Compliance, n (%) D/C/F/TAF (N=362) Control (N=363) N 299 307 >95% 264 (88.3%) 271 (88.3%) [80%; 95%] 33 (11.0%) 32 (10.4%) [65%; 80%] 0 2 (0.7%) [50%; 65%] 2 (0.7%) 2 (0.7%) ≤ 50% 0 0 Mean (SD) 99.03 (9.204) 98.45 (5.358) Median (Min; Max) 100.00 (60.2; 233.3) 100.00 (55.9; 139.4) Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 47. ITT, intent-to-treat; BL, baseline; VL, viral load; aTwo-sided Exact Clopper-Pearson 95% confidence interval (CI) BL VL, c/mL BL CD4+, cells/mm3 GenderAge, years 303 59 2 2 340 44 318326 36N= 300 40 Race 20331 3 2 41 322 300 4029 334293 70 21 86 81 73 86 85 89 86 85 87 70 90 85 77 83 84 83 88 76 85 84 83 86 0 20 40 60 80 100 ≤100k >100k <200 ≥200 ≤50 >50 Female Male White Black Other VL<50c/mL(%,95%CIa) D/C/F/TAF arm (N=362) Control arm (N=363) Se mantiene la eficacia independientemente de las Características Basales Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 48. • Post-baseline genotyping/phenotyping (PhenoSenseGT) performed in PDVFs (virologic non-response, virologic rebound and/or viraemic at final timepoint) with VL ≥400 c/mL at failure or at later time points • Available genotype/phenotype data in: • 9/15 PDVFs (D/C/F/TAF from baseline through Week 96) • M184I/V RAM detected at Week 36 in one patienta,1 • 8/19 PDVFs (Control arm from baseline through Week 96) • M184V RAM detected at Week 84 (post-switch visit) in one patientb • No DRV, primary PI or TFV RAMs observed post-baseline PDVF, protocol-defined virologic failure; VL, viral load; RAMs, resistance-associated mutations; aFTC and 3TC resistance; patient had transmitted NNRTI resistance at screening and M184V was detected pre-treatment as minority variant (9%); Adherence based on pill count: 102%; discontinued due to non-compliance (DRV PK levels low); bFTC and 3TC resistance; Adherence based on pill count: 90%-switch-80%; no PK data 1. Lathouwers E, et al. HIV Glasgow 2018. Abstract P294 49 No se evidencian resistencias a las 96S
  • 49. 5.2a 4.2 2.5 1.1 1.1 3.8 4.2 2.5 1.1 1.1 3.8 5.1 3.0 1.2 1.4 4.0 4.4 2.6 1.1 1.3 3.9 0 1 2 3 4 5 Total cholesterol LDL-C HDL-C Triglycerides TC:HDL-C ratio Medianlipidvalue(mmol/L) D/C/F/TAF baseline Control baseline D/C/F/TAF arm Week 48 Control Week 48 D/C/F/TAF arm Week 96 4.2a 4 3 2 1 0 MedianTC:HDL-Cratio 3.2a 1.2a 1.5a Mínima diferencia en los lípidos, mayor efecto hipolipemiante de TDF en comparación con TAF • In the D/C/F/TAF arm, lipid-lowering drugs started by 7 (2%) and 14 (4%) of patients by Weeks 48 and 96, respectively TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; ap<0.001 for within treatment arm changes at Week 96 from baseline (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) 5 Diferencia en mg/dL= 25 Diferencia en mg/dL= 23 Diferencia en mg/dL= 3,5 Diferencia en mg/dL= 30 Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 50. Incidence, n (%) D/C/F/TAF arm Baseline–Week 48 N=362 Baseline–Week 96 N=362 Patient-years exposurea 323 626 ≥1 AE, any grade 312 (86) 334 (92) Study drug-related AEs 128 (35) 142 (39) Study drug-related AEs (≥5%) Diarrhoeab 33 (9) 34 (9) Rash 22 (6) 22 (6) Nausea 20 (6) 20 (6) Study drug-related Grade 3‒4 AEs 6 (2) 11 (3) ≥1 serious AE 17 (5) 39 (11) Study drug-related serious AEs 0 1 (<1) ≥1 AE leading to discontinuation 8 (2) 10 (3) • No cases of Fanconi Syndrome or subclinical PRT in the D/C/F/TAF arm through Week 96 • No D/C/F/TAF discontinuations due to bone, renal or CNS AEs AE, adverse event; PRT, proximal renal tubulopathy; CNS, central nervous system; aPatient-years of exposure = sum of treatment duration (weeks) x 7 /365.25; bAll cases were mild: Grade 1: 27% and Grade 2: 7% D/C/F/TAF arm Baseline-Week 96 Pocas discontinuaciones por EAs Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 51. Conclusiones (Amber 96w) D/C/F/TAF Altas tasas de respuesta en todos los subgrupos (85% VL <50 c/mL; FDA Snapshot). • Comparables a BIC y DTG Bajas tasas de FV (6% VL ≥50 c/mL; FDA Snapshot) • No desarrollo de Resistencias a DRV, primarias a IPs or TDF RAMs Baja tasa de discontinuación por Eventos Adversos • menos EAs del SNC que en BIC y DTG • Seguridad renal y osea Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 52. Inicio temprano Estudio DIAMOND Darunavir/cobicistat/e mtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TA F) rapid initiation for HIV-1 infection 13th Annual American Conference for the Treatment of HIV (ACTHIV); April 11-13, 2019; Miami, Florida. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 53. DIAMOND 48 weeks In this rapid-initiation trial, treatment began before resistance test results were available. Primary endpoint: Proportion of patients with VL <50 copies/mL at 48 weeks (ITT/FDA Snapshot)1 Secondary endpoint: Proportion of patients with VL <50 copies/mL at 48 weeks (observed analysis)1 Huhn G, Crofoot G, Ramgopal M, et al. Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) rapid initiation for HIV-1 infection: primary analysis of the DIAMOND study. Poster presented at: 13th Annual American Conference for the Treatment of HIV (ACTHIV); April 11-13, 2019; Miami, Florida. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 54. Datos demográficos • CD4+<200 21% • CV≥100,000 25% Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 57. Tolerancia No patients discontinued treatment due to central nervous system, renal, or bone adverse reactions. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 58. Conclusiones Primer ensayo de un STR en un modelo de atención de inicio rápido Una alta proporción de pacientes que usaron D/C/F/TAF lograron CV <50 Ningún paciente tuvo fallo virológico. Solo hubo 1 interrupción debido a un EA. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 59. Temario: • Ventajas del TARV en un UNICO comprimido. • Un Inhibidor de la Proteasa con un profármaco • Inicio TEMPRANO en el paciente NAIVE. • Análisis del estudio AMBER • Análisis del estudio DIAMOND • Simplificación del TARV cuando hay historia de FALLO. • Análisis del estudio EMERALD • Discusión clínica. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 60. Terapia Antirretroviral: cambios por toxicidad o simplificación (sin fracaso). Dra. Susana Cabrera / Prof. Agda. De la Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas. FMED. UdelaR. 3 julio 2017 Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 61. Terapia Antirretroviral: cambios por toxicidad o simplificación (sin fracaso). Dra. Susana Cabrera / Prof. Agda. De la Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas. FMED. UdelaR. 3 julio 2017 Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 63. Simplificación: Principios Resistencia  TARV y fallos previos.  Test de Resistencia Previos  Probables resistencias previas  Precuación al modificar IP/r a otra clase si no se conoce bien la historia de Resistencia.  Precuación cuando hay Resistencia a más de una clase de ARV  Mantener la misma familia de ARV cuando no hay Resistencia en su clase Seguridad y Comorbilidades  Intolerancias previas  HLA-B*5701  Interacciones  VHB  Factores Riesgo Cardiovascular  Enfermedad Cardiovascular  Daño Renal  Daño Oseo  Otras Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 65. Simplificación. EMERALD 96 WEEKS •A phase 3, randomized, non-inferiority study evaluating the efficacy and safety of switching from boosted-protease inhibitors (bPI) plus emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) regimens to the once daily (QD), single-tablet regimen (STR) of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) in virologically-suppressed, HIV-1-infected adults. •IDWeek 2017. San Diego, October 4-8, 2017. Abstract #: 1689b. W48. •Efficacy and safety results of the phase 3, randomized EMERALD trial to evaluate switching from boosted-protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to the once daily, single-tablet regimen of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) in treatment-experienced, virologically-suppressed, HIV-1-infected adults. P •IDWeek 2018, San Francisco, CA. October 3-7, 2018. Abstract #: 1768. W96 Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 66. 6 7 Paciente VIH-1 mayor de 18 años 6 meses en tto con ATV, DRV, o LPV + r/c Al menos 2 meses CV <50 c/mL. Se permite un BLIP (entre ≥50 c/mL and <200c/mL) en los 12 meses previos. . eGFRcr ≥50 mL/min No Hº de FV fracaso con DRV y no RAMs a DRV (si disponible genotipo) SE PERMITEN FRACASOS PREVIOS A OTROS FÁRMACOS CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 67. EMERALD: Phase 3, Randomized, Open-label, Multicenter Trial 1IAS-USA (Wensing AM, et al. Top Antivir Med 2014;22:642–50) Key inclusion criteria: • On a stable bPI + F/TDF regimen for ≥6 months • VL <50 c/mL for ≥2 months before screening; one 50≤VL<200 c/mL within 12 months prior to screening allowed • Previous ART VF allowed (no history of VF on DRV-based regimens), and if historical genotypes were available, absence of DRV RAMs1; no restriction on FTC or tenofovir RAMs Baseline Week 96 Randomization 2:1 N=1141 Week 48 Primary endpoint Screening phase Treatment phase Extension phase ≤30 days prior to baseline Week 24 Interim analysis D/C/F/TAF D/C/F/TAF Roll-over phase Primary objective: Assess efficacy (non-inferiority) and safety of switching to D/C/F/TAF vs continuing bPI + F/TDF regimens in virologically suppressed adults until Week 48 Secondary objectives to evaluate long-term safety, resistance and efficacy of D/C/F/TAF (until Week 96 and beyond) Continue bPI + F/TDF D/C/F/TAF late switch
  • 68. 1141 randomized 2:1 and treated 1299 patients screened 150 not randomized, not treated 8 randomized, not treated 763 switched to D/C/F/TAF 27 (4%) discontinued 2 died 5 due to AEsa 6 withdrew consent 7 lost to follow-up 1 non-adherent with study drug 6 other reasons 699 (92%) ongoing through Week 96 2 completedb 728 treated in extension after Week 48 35 (5%) discontinued 0 died 11 due to AEs 10 withdrew consent 5 lost to follow-up 2 non-adherent with study drug 7 other reasons aIncluding one fatal serious adverse event (AE) bSwitched to commercially available D/C/F/TAF Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 70. EFICACIA MANTENIDA POR ENCIMA DEL 90% A 96W 95 95 91 91 0 20 40 60 80 100 VL<50 c/mL VL<200 c/mL VL<50or<200c/mL (%,95%CIa) D/C/F/TAF Week 48 (N=763) D/C/F/TAF Week 96 (N=763) VL <50 c/mL 724 (95%) 692 (91%) VL <200 c/mL 725 (95%) 696 (91%) VL ≥50 c/mL 6 (1%) 9 (1%) VL ≥200 c/mL 3 (<1%) 2 (<1%) No virologic data 33 (4%) 62 (8%) No virologic data 35 (5%) 65 (9%) • Less than or equal to 1% of patients experienced virologic non-response (VL ≥50 or ≥200 c/mL) • No discontinuations for efficacy reasons ITT, intent-to-treat; VL, viral load; aTwo-sided Exact Clopper-Pearson 95% confidence interval (CI) Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 71. 0 1 2 3 4 5 ≥50 c/mL ≥200 c/mL PDVR(%,95%CIa) 2.5 (n=19) 3.1 (n=24) D/C/F/TAF Baseline through Week 48 (N=763) D/C/F/TAF Baseline through Week 96 (N=763) Rebounders resuppressed at end of period 12/19 14/24 0/3 2/4 MENOS DE UN 1% DE AUMENTO EN REBOTE VIROLÓGICO 0.4 (n=3) 0.5 (n=4) • Between Weeks 48 and 96, there was <1% increase in virologic rebound (VL ≥50 c/mL) PDVR, protocol-defined virologic rebound; ITT, intent-to-treat; VL, viral load; aTwo-sided Exact Clopper-Pearson 95% confidence interval (CI) Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 72. EMERALD: Análisis de subgrupos del estudio según el número de FALLOS VIROLOGICOS previos y los ARV utilizados • No hubo diferencias significativas en rebote virológico en semana 48 de acuerdo al número de fallos virológicos previos o ARVs usados. Eron JJ, et al. CROI 2018. Abstract 502. Cumulative Virologic Rebound Through Wk 48 Overall Population 4 5 6 Prior VF Number of Prior ARVs Used 7 > 70 ≥ 1 Switch to DRV/COBI/FTC/TAF Continued boosted PI + FTC/TDF PatientsWithVirologicRebound(%) 100 0 15 10 5 n/N = 0/53 ∆ 0.4 (-1.5, 2.2) ∆ 0 (-2.6, 2.0) ∆ 2.6 (-4.8, 7.5) ∆ 0.3 (-3.4, 3.1) ∆ 0.3 (-7.8, 5.9) ∆ 3.9 (-11.0, 13.7) ∆ -3.3 (-17.5, 2.7) ∆ 0.4 (-5.0, 3.9) 2.5 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.6 0 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.8 7.2 3.3 0 3.3 2.4 2.0 19/763 8/378 16/647 8/325 3/116 7/316 3/160 2/98 1/56 5/69 1/30 0/69 1/30 5/211 2/101 Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 73. Ninguna resistencia ni para drv ni para acompañantes Se analiza el genotipo de pacientes que presentan VL ≥400 c/mL, tanto si estan en rebote confirmado como si no, y en discontinuaciones. Se tiene genotipo disponible en : • 4 rebotes en symtuza • 5 rebotes en control • 2 rebotes de cambio tardío a symtuza Sin mutaciones para DRV, IP (primarias), TFV o FTC. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 74. TOLERABILIDAD Incidence, n (%) D/C/F/TAF arm (Baseline–Week 48) N=763 D/C/F/TAF arm (Baseline–Week 96) N=763 ≥1 AE, any grade 630 (83) 690 (90) AEs (≥10%) Upper respiratory tract infection 81 (11) 122 (16) Viral upper respiratory tract infection 72 (9) 98 (13) Diarrhea 60 (8) 80 (11) Headache 58 (8) 79 (10) Back pain 55 (7) 76 (10) Study drug-related AEs 144 (19) 165 (22) Study drug-related Grade 3 or 4 AEs 10 (1) 14 (2) ≥1 serious AE 35 (5) 66 (9) Study drug-related serious AEs 1 (<1) 2 (<1) ≥1 AE leading to discontinuation 12 (2) 17 (2) Discontinuations due to renal AEs 1 (<1) 2 (<1)a Deaths 0 3 (<1)b • No cases of Fanconi Syndrome or subclinical PRT detected in the D/C/F/TAF arm through Week 96 Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 75. PERFIL LIPÍDICO ENTRE WK 48 Y WK 96 • Lipid parameters remained consistent after Week 48 • Lipid-lowering drugs started by 20 (3%) and 59 (8%) of patients by Weeks 48 and 96, respectively TC, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ap<0.001 for within treatment arm changes at Week 96 from baseline (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Total cholesterol LDL-C HDL-C Triglycerides TC:HDL-C ratio Medianlipidvalue(mg/dL) D/C/F/TAF baseline D/C/F/TAF arm Week 48 D/C/F/TAF arm Week 96 3.8 4.0 4.0a 4 3 2 1 0 MedianTC:HDL-Cratio 184 205 207a 108 123 123a 47 50 51a 123 130 132a Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 77. CONCLUSIONES EFICACIA ELEVADA (91%). • BAJAS TASAS DE FRACASO VIROLÓGICO (1%) • NO DESARROLLO RESISTENCIAS A FÁRMACOS 2% DISCONTINUACIONES POR EAs, 0 POR FV • LÍPIDOS ESTABLES DESDE SEMANA 48 • MEJORA ÓSEA CONTINUA Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 78. Temario: • Ventajas del TARV en un UNICO comprimido. • Un Inhibidor de la Proteasa con un profármaco • Inicio TEMPRANO en el paciente NAIVE. • Análisis del estudio AMBER • Análisis del estudio DIAMOND • Simplificación del TARV cuando hay historia de FALLO. • Análisis del estudio EMERALD • Discusión clínica. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 79. VII CONSENSO ARGENTINO DE TERAPIA ANTIRRETROVIRAL 2018 - 2019 • Calidad y el tiempo de sobrevida. • Supresión viral completa y sostenida • Recuperación de la función inmune • Limita el reservorio viral • Evita la progresión clínica • Prevención de la transmisión • El inicio temprano disminución la morbimortalidad asociada y mejora el pronóstico. CAPÍTULO I INICIO DE TRATAMIENTO ANTIRRETROVIRAL Coordinador: Jorge Contarelli Autores: Pablo Francisco Parenti Juan Manuel Poggio Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 80. Regímenes preferidos • Uso de ABC: con HLA-B*5701 negativo y evaluación del RCV. • ‡ Uso de TDF o TAF: con HBs Ag positivo. La elección dependerá del riesgo o presencia de enfermedad ósea o renal, uso de otros fármacos potenciadores (RTV o COBI), nefrotóxicos y disponibilidad. Intercambiabilidad clínica de 3TC con FTC. • # Uso de INSTIs: precaución con antiácidos y polivitamínicos que contienen Al/Ca/Mg. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 83. Rev Panam Infectol. 2016;18(1):16-28 Falta genotipificación basal Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 84. Tratamientos a largo plazo Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 89. Utilidad clínica TAF FTC DRV Cobi Primer tratamiento de VIH-1 en adultos y adolescentes • Inicio rápido • Cuando no se dispone de HLA (Abacavir) • Cuando no se disponde de test de resistencia (INNTR) • Pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular (Abacavir) • Pacientes con riesgo óseo y/o renal (Tenofovir) • Cuando se prevee mala adherencia (INNTR,RAL,ELV/c) Simplificación • Cuando hay historia de fallo o de mala adherencia. • Cuando es por daño renal u óseo Pablo Parenti, MD PhD
  • 91. Aunque requiere de más esfuerzo intelectual a la hora de decidir, tener múltiples opciones nos da una mayor tranquilidad. Pablo Parenti, MD PhD