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Cardiac Anatomy
Cardiac Circulation ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Conduction system of the heart. By permission from Cunningham JG, Textbook of Veterinary Physiology, Saunders, 2002
ECG Leads  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Six Limb Leads ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Bipolar Limb Leads
Unipolar or Augmented Leads
Horizontal or Chest leads  (also unipolar)
12 lead ECG
Atrial Fibrillation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multiple foci (areas) send out impulses which cause the atria to fibrillate . Picture courtesy of the Heart Rhythm Society.  www.hrsonline.org .
Atrial Fibrillation ,[object Object]
Types of Atrial Fibrillation Paroxysmal A Fib.  Episodes of A Fib that end spontaneously are called paroxysmal A Fib. The irregular heart rhythm may last for a few seconds, minutes, hours or longer before the heart resumes a normal rhythm on its own. Persistent A Fib.  With this condition, the irregular heart rhythm continues indefinitely unless it is treated. Permanent A Fib.  In this situation, normal rhythm cannot be restored. **The sooner its treated, the higher the chance that it can be corrected!
Atrial Flutter ,[object Object]
Causes of A-Fib ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Symptoms caused by A-Fib ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Risks associated with A-Fib: Related to decrease in Cardiac Output * Stroke  * Heart Failure  (30% of C.O. is provided by the Atrial) Related to “Electrical Remodeling” *Damage to heart muscle  (alteration in diastolic phase of the atria)
Treatment options for A-Fib: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Cardiac Anatomy

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Conduction system of the heart. By permission from Cunningham JG, Textbook of Veterinary Physiology, Saunders, 2002
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.  
  • 14. Horizontal or Chest leads (also unipolar)
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Multiple foci (areas) send out impulses which cause the atria to fibrillate . Picture courtesy of the Heart Rhythm Society. www.hrsonline.org .
  • 19.
  • 20. Types of Atrial Fibrillation Paroxysmal A Fib. Episodes of A Fib that end spontaneously are called paroxysmal A Fib. The irregular heart rhythm may last for a few seconds, minutes, hours or longer before the heart resumes a normal rhythm on its own. Persistent A Fib. With this condition, the irregular heart rhythm continues indefinitely unless it is treated. Permanent A Fib. In this situation, normal rhythm cannot be restored. **The sooner its treated, the higher the chance that it can be corrected!
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24. Risks associated with A-Fib: Related to decrease in Cardiac Output * Stroke * Heart Failure (30% of C.O. is provided by the Atrial) Related to “Electrical Remodeling” *Damage to heart muscle (alteration in diastolic phase of the atria)
  • 25.