This document discusses three emerging technologies - RFID, electronic voting, and VoIP/Skype - and their implications for privacy in computing. It provides details on what each technology is, how it works, current applications, and privacy and security concerns regarding individual tracking, access to sensitive data, and potential technical failures.

1. Impact on Emerging
Technologies
Privacy in Computing

2. Contents
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) – Object for tracking people
• Electronic Voting – Technologies to facilitate elections
• Voice over Internet Protocols – Voice Grade telephone calls
Our main concern with the privacy in computing, has affect the emerging technologies
will consider 3 technologies.
These are:

3. Radio Frequency
Identification
Privacy in Computing

4. What it is and what it does
• Radio frequency identification or RFID is a technology that uses small, low-power
wireless radio transmitters called RFID tags.
• Tags are tuned to a particular frequency and each has a unique ID number.
• When a tag receives its signal, it sends its ID number signal in response.
• Most of these devices are passive until they receive a signal from an interrogating
reader.
• The distance at which they can receive and broadcast a receivable signal varies from
roughly five centimeters at the least powerful end to several meters at the most
powerful end.

5. Uses
• toll plaza payments
• transit system fare cards
• stock or inventory labels
• passports and identity cards
Current uses of RFID tags include

6. Applications of RFID
• Consumer products
• shirt, shoes, pen, wallet, credit card, mobile phone, media player, and candy bar wrapper
• RFID Tags for Individuals

7. Security and Privacy
• the ability to track individuals wherever they go
• the ability to discern sensitive data about people.
• The correctness of the data obtained.
• The reading sensor may malfunction or the software processing IDs may
fail.
• Forgery of an RFID tag.

8. Electronic Voting
Privacy in Computing

9. Computer Voting
• Each voter's choices must be kept secret.
• Each voter may vote only once and only for allowed offices.
• The voting system must be tamperproof, and the election officials must be
prevented from allowing it to be tampered with.
• All votes must be reported accurately.
• The voting system must be available for use throughout the election period.
• An audit trail must be kept to detect irregularities in voting, but without disclosing
how any individual voted.
Properties essential to a fair election were enumerated as:

10. Privacy and the Process
• Counting ballots,
• building and maintaining the list of eligible voters,
• recording who has voted,
• supporting absentee ballots,
• assisting voters at the wrong polling place, and
• transmitting election results to election headquarters.
The Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Academy of Science:
• individual privacy in voter registration, the privacy of individual voters, and public confidence in the process.

11. VoIP and Skype
Privacy in Computing

12. What it is and how it works
• Voice over IP (VoIP) is a protocol for transmission of voice-grade
telephone traffic over the Internet.
• The major VoIP carrier is Skype.
• To call from Chennai to Accra, for example, you would invoke the VoIP
application, giving it the telephone number in Accra. A local office in Accra
would call the number in Accra and patch that call to its Internet servers.
(The process is even easier if both endpoints use VoIP.)

13. Merit and Privacy
• cost
• the phone call will be somewhat exposed through packet headers.

14. Thank You