Presentation for the Open Government Partnership regional meeting in Santiago, Chile, January 2013. The Open Government Partnership is a new multilateral initiative that aims to secure concrete commitments from governments to promote transparency, empower citizens, fight corruption, and harness new technologies to strengthen governance. In the spirit of multi-stakeholder collaboration, OGP is overseen by a steering committee of governments and civil society organizations.
21st Century Civil Society: Implications for Open Government
1. n
ssociatio
Transparency A
21st Century Civil Society:
Implications for Open Government
Mary Joyce
Latin America Regional Outreach Meeting
Open Government Partnership
January 10, 2013 | Santiago, Chile
2. This presentation
is based on 3 propositions
image: Flickr/Victor1558
3. ①
open government is a partnership between
Government and Civil Society
image: Flickr/Victor1558
4. Civil society is undergoing
transformations. ②
image: Flickr/Victor1558
5. Government will
benefit from better
③ understanding
those transformations.
image: Flickr/Victor1558
6. 2 Questions:
1) What will civil society look like in the digital age?
2) How will these changes affect open government?
image: Flickr/Victor1558
7. Historic Civil Society
“bricks and mortar”
Transparency Association
image: Flickr/cdsessum
8. Historic Civil Society
Member Mobilization Model
Transparency Association
Staff
Formal Organization Members
image: Flickr/cdsessum
9. Historic Civil Society
Collaboration
in the Member Mobilization Model
Transparency Association
Governance Association
image: Flickr/cdsessum
10. Historic Civil Society
Member Funding Model
Transparency Association
Staff
Formal Organization Members
Government
image: Flickr/cdsessum
16. Transformations in Civil Society
Fewer Donations
Transparency Association
Source: Karpf, D. (2012) The Moveon Effect: The Unexpected Transformation of American Political Advocacy
image: Flickr/cdsessum
17. While old civil society organizations have less
members and less money,
new types of organizations are emerging.
image: Flickr/Victor1558
19. Because of corruption,
school buildings did
not meet safety codes
and thousands of
children died.
Yet the government
refused to
acknowledge
their deaths.
image: Shiho Fukada/http://www.shihofukada.com
20. Using his blog, artist Ai Weiwei organizes a team of volunteers to
travel to Sichuan and collect the names of the children who died.
image: unknown source
21. Using the Internet, the network of volunteers worked for 1 year.
They collected 5,385 names and forced the Chinese government
to publicly report the death toll.
Then the organization ended.
image: Ai Weiwei
22. Civil society used to look like this:
Transparency Association
Staff
Formal Organization Members
image: Flickr/cdsessum
23. Now it also looks like this:
Transparency Association
Staff
Formal Organization Members
image: Flickr/cdsessum
24. Now it also looks like this:
Transparency Association
Staff
Formal Organization Members
No single physical location.
Small staff or no staff.
image: Flickr/cdsessum
25. What are the main characteristics of
21st century civil society?
1) Digital
2) Fast
3) Decentralized
4) Participatory
image: Flickr/Victor1558 5) Cheap
26. ① Digital: the new civil society infrastructure
image: Flickr/sjcockell
28. The connective infrastructure of civil society
was once the formal ONG.
Transparency Association
Now that infrastructure is also being
provided by social media.
Source: Bennett W. L., and Segerberg, A., (2012) “The Logic of Connective Action,” Information, Communication & Society
29. They don’t need to ONG to connect them.
They can connect with each other directly.
image: Flickr/Victor1558
30. Fast
Quic
ker t
quick o mo
er to bilize
dispe ,
r se
②
32. “In the past, it might have taken 10 days for an
official involved in a sex scandal to lose his job.
This time he was gone in 66 hours.”
- Journalist Zhu Ruifeng
on the effect of viral videos, photos, and online rumors on on the firing of Lei Zhengfu
Source: Jacobs, A (Dec. 26, 2012) “Chinese Officials Find Misbehavior New Carries Cost,” The New York Times
image: Flickr/alaina.buzas
33. The average age of the organizations that assisted with the 15M
protests was 3 years, many times less than organizations responsible
for previous mass mobilizations (10-40 years).
Source: Anduiza E., Christancho, C., and Sabuecho J. (2011) “the political protests on the outraged in Spain: what’s new?’
image: Flickr/furlin
37. Less Activism is Local
In a recent study of over 800 digital activism cases from 80 countries, only 8% of cases were purely local,
with 92% eventually gained national or international attention and participation.
Source: Global Digital Activism Data Set, Digital Activism Research Project at the University of Washington (www.digital-activism.org)
8%
Local
92%
National or
International
image: Mary Joyce
38. Action occurs wherever participants are located,
rather than location dictating the possibility of
participation. New York
Atlanta
Berlin
Paris
Vancouver
image: Flickr/foxtongue, Björn Kietzmann, looking4poetry,
Pazarm, Hiloxy, harrystaab
39. ④ Participatory
Campaigns without
ownership, rigid leadership,
or barriers to joining
image: Flickr/xavi tellada
40. Participatory Civil Society
•easily personalized ideas and action frames
• allow people to participate on their own terms
• sharing campaigning values with peers via memes and
slogans and targeting demands to decision-makers
Source: Bennett W. L., and Segerberg, A., (2012) “The
Logic of Connective Action,” Information, Communication
& Society
41. self-organized
in 900
global cities
image: Flickr/bogieharmond
46. Historic Civil Society
Formal Organization with Members
and Unaffiliated Citizens
Transparency Association
image: Flickr/cdsessum
47. 21st Century Civil Society
Less Formal Membership
Transparency Association
image: Flickr/cdsessum
48. 21st Century Civil Society
Fast, Large-Scale Mobilization by Formal Organizations
Transparency Association
Fewer members,
greater capacity for mobilization
image: Flickr/cdsessum
49. 21st Century Civil Society
Fast, Large-Scale Mobilization without Organizations
Transparency Association
Larger but less durable
associations
image: Flickr/cdsessum
50. What are the implications
for open government?
image: Flickr/Victor1558
51. ①
Lack of clear or durable
counter-parties.
tion
Associa
rency
Transpa
image: Flickr/Victor1558
52. ②
②
People still believe in government
and want it to be more effective.
1 in 5 campaigns in the University of Washington’s digital activism study
were explicitly focused on governance issues.
Source: Global Digital Activism Data Set, Digital Activism Research Project at the University of Washington (www.digital-activism.org)
image: Flickr/Victor1558
53. These groups are also vibrant and passionate constituencies to support
the work of open government and the politicians who undertake it.
③
image: Flickr/Victor1558
54. ④
21st century civil society is a partner for open government.
They have the desire and capacity to make open government work.
image: Flickr/Victor1558
55. Thank You!
Mary Joyce
www.digital-activism.org
mjoyce@uw.edu
image: Flickr/Victor1558