Trabajo Final del Grupo 4 del Curso en Tailandia "TOWARS GREEN GROWTH WITH WASTE UTILIZATION" Setiembre 2015 Chiang Mai, Tailandia

1. Kristine
Vardanashvili
ENVIRONMENTALIST
REPRESENTATIVE OF GEORGIA
Carolina Marín
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGER
REPRESENTATIVE OF COLOMBIA
Martín Villalba
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER
REPRESENTATIVE OF PARAGUAY
Paphawin
Havaniond
ENVIRONMENTALIST
REPRESENTATIVE OF THAILAND
“Towards Green Growth
with Waste Utilization”
CHIANG MAI, THAILAND
SEPTEMBER, 2015
Seguimiento
Planes de Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos / Articulación con otros planesPlanes de Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos / Seguimiento
• Reportar anualmente los informes de seguimiento al
Sistema Único de Información (SUI) administrado por
la SSPD y a la Autoridad Ambiental competente.
• Una vez al año y antes de la presentación del proyecto
de presupuesto municipal o distrital:
• El Alcalde deberá presentar al respectivo Concejo
Municipal o Distrital un informe sobre el estado de
avance en el cumplimiento de las metas previstas
en el PGIRS.
• El Alcalde deberá realizar una rendición anual de
cuentas a la ciudadanía.
• Autoridades Ambientales competentes:
• Realizar el control y seguimiento de la ejecución
del PGIRS en lo relacionado con las metas de
aprovechamiento.
• Autorizaciones ambientales que requiera el
prestador del servicio de aseo.

2. GEORGIA
 Georgia - is a country in the Caucasus region
of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of
Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is
bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the
north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and
Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan.
The capital and largest city is Tbilisi. Georgia
covers a territory of 69,700 square kilometers
(26,911 sq mi), and its 2015 population is about
3.75 million.
 Georgia is a unitary, semi-presidential republic,
with the government elected through a
representative democracy. The Capital is Tbilisi

3. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN
GEORGIA
 About 960.000 tons of solid waste are generated
every year.
 The most of biggest amount of waste are generated in
Tbilisi 360.000 tons year.
 The most of solid waste without any treatment are
disposed on landfills.
 There are 63 official landfills (including 4 sanitary
landfills).
 The landfills (excluding Tbilisi and Adjara region) are
operated by Solid Waste Company.

4. MUNICIPAL WASTE GENERATION

5. LAWS AND REGULATIONS
 Law on Environmental Protection;
 Waste Management Code;
 Law on Transit and Import of the
Waste on the Territory of Georgia;
 Law on Licenses and Permits;
 Law on Public Health Care;
 Sub law on landfills construction,
operation, close and care after close
 Sub law on waste classification
 Sub law on waste recording and
kipping
 Basel Convention;
 Rotterdam Convention;
 Stockholm Convention
 Under preparation:
 National Waste Management
strategy (2016-2030)
 National waste Management
Action Plan (2016-2020)
 Sub law on transportation of
waste
 Law on hazardous waste
 Law on animal waste

6. CURRENT PROBLEMS
 Most of municipal waste are directly disposed on landfills.
 There are no waste separation system.
 Waste collection and transportation system does not covered all
territory of Georgia.
 There is problem regarding Animal waste utilization.
 Problem of hazardous waste utilization.

7. WHAT CAN WE DO?
 The development of normative acts or regulations about the
collection and composting of green waste and other
biodegradable waste can be considered as future policy or
program concerning the green growth and waste utilization. In
addition, separate collection programs for bio waste and some
pilot projects of subsequent treatment of various fractions of
biodegradable waste streams that afterwards should be
implemented into the Georgian reality.

8. COLOMBIA
Capital
(largest city)
Bogotá
Official
languages
- Spanish
- Recognised
regional languages 68 ethnic
languages and dialects
Population 48 millons
Area 1,141,748 km2
Density 40.74/km2
GPD $378.4 billion
GPD pp $11.630
Ecologically, Colombia is considered one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries
The electricity production in Colombia comes mainly from renewable energy sources.
67.8% is obtained from the hydroelectric generation.

9. MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN
COLOMBIA
 Municipal waste generation is about 26.726 Ton/day;
equivalent to 11.3 million tons annually, with a growing rate 4%
to 8%, of which at least 50% are organics (Aluna Consultores,
2011).
 Collection Coverage it’s about 97,8%.
 There are 1206 companies of the solid waste management
(SSPD, 2010), more than 60% of the population is attended by
private or mixed capital companies.
 The collection frequency varies between 2 and 3 times a week.
 Recently, two transfer stations started working close to two of
the main cities in Colombia, Medellin and Cali, where sanitary
landfills are located 41,5 km (Guacal) and 62,2 km (Colomba-
Guabal) away from the cities; both stations are operated by a
private utility company

10. HOW ARE WE DOING?
Government Actions:
• Institutional and regulatory
framework (Law 142 of
1994)
• Policy waste management
1997
• CONPES 3530/2008
• PAP-PDA
• External credit to improve
disposal
• Decree 2981 of 2013
(SPDA) y Resolution 754
of 2014 (PGIRS)
Instruments:
• Encouraging private investment
• Resources with specific
destination via tariff
• Efficient collection mechanisms
• Subsidies and contributions
• Regionalization
• Regulatory mechanisms,
monitoring and control
Source: DNP-BM, 2014: Estrategia Nacional para el Desarrollo de Infraestructura

11. Final disposal
Source: SSPD-SUI
 From 73% (2004) to 95% (2013) of the
solid wastes are disposal in landfills
 735 municipalities are disposing in 60
regional landfill.
22%
175
48%
203
78%
604
52%
224
2004 2013
NO.PLACESOFDISPOSAL
AÑO
Total sitios autorizados Total sitios no autorizados
779
427
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN
COLOMBIA
Average monthly
Tariff
 Waste management is funded through tariff
that is paid every month for each user
 The tariff is regulated by the national
government (price cap methodology)
$2,64
$3,24
$3,86
$4,33 $4,26
> 2.500 2.501 - 5.000 5.001 - 25.000 25.001 -
100.000
< 100.001
Averageprice($USD-month)
Popula on size

12. CURRENT PROBLEMS
 About 16 % of the municipalities dispose of their waste at sites
with inadequate technical conditions.
 Some of the largest landfills in this country have a capacity lower
than 5 years (SSPD report, 2013).
 Low rural coverage.
 Low source separation and prevention.
 According to the National Inventory of Greenhouse Gas
Emissions (GEI), the waste sector contributed 5.7 % of national
emissions in 2004 (IDEAM, 2009).
Metodología PGIRS Contenido Mínimo PGIRS – 2. Línea Base
Planes de Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos / Metodología PGIRS

13. I. Guarantee
the supply of
disposal
(capacity
and
technical
standards)
III.
Incentivate
new waste
treatment
technologies
II. Increasing
recycling
IV. Set up
culture of
separation at
source
V. Social
work with
pickers
WHAT CAN WE DO?
Composting + RDF + gassification

14. PARAGUAY
Institution
“Secretariat Technical for the Economic and
Social Planning”
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 2015 Estimate
Total US$ 29,01 billion
Nominal (Per capita) US$ 4,368
Population 7.032.941 inhabitants (approx.)
Territory 406 .752 km².
Currency Guaraní (PYG)
Economically active population 3.215.510 people
Official Languages Spanish and Guaraní
Is a landlocked country, located in the heart of South America.
Paraguay is one of the least populated countries in the region, with
a density of 12.7 people per km², the economy is based mainly on
beef cattle, sowing, export commodities and hydropower
production.
The Government of Paraguay has prepared the first National
Development Plan for the period 2014-2030 in an effort to
eliminate extreme poverty and promote the income growth of the
poorest 40% of the population.

15. The average rate of generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Paraguay is around 1.2 kg /
person / day, varying between 0.5 and 1.5 kg / person / day. In the Central Department of
Paraguay (2.450.360 inhabitants according to the Department of Statistics, Surveys and
Censuses of Paraguay 2013) it estimated that is currently generated about 2,000 tons / day of
(MSW) in the urban areas and the tendency is to increasing.
Most of the municipalities in Paraguay have trouble managing their residential solid waste in the
urban areas, and in the rural areas there is no solid waste collection, and the habit is to burn,
throw to water courses or bury.
The waste generated in health establishments are collected together
with other MSW, with a few exceptions like Asuncion (capital of
Paraguay).
The rate of production of hazardous medical waste is estimated at
about 0.24 kg / bed per day. At present there is no record of the
production of sludge from waste water treatment or epidemiological
studies in the country that can measure the effects caused by poor
management of solid waste on the health of the population.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN
PARAGUAY

16. 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00%
Open Pit Landfill
Fill Controlled
Landfill
Open Pit Landfill Fill Controlled Landfill
Final disposition 71.60% 24.40% 3.90%
FINAL DISPOSITION
COLLECTION COVERAGE
90%
Population 15.000 50.000 200.000
Recollection 13 – 16 US$/t 9 -12 US$/t 7 - 8 US$/t
Transfer to fill 2 – 4 US$/t 2 – 4 US$/t
4 - 6
US$/t
Landfill 6-7 US$/t
10 – 11
US$/t
4 – 5 US$/t
TOTAL 21-27 US$/t
22 – 27
US$/t
15 – 19
US$/t
Amounts needed to achieve coverage of the collection according to size
of cities in Paraguay

17.  There is no segregation at source.
 There is poor collection service. Coverage of the population is
very low.
 Recycling in the streets: The population in extreme poverty,
delves into the urban solid waste containers in poor hygienic
conditions and in landfills without any kind of protection for their
health.
 Treatment: Non-existent or poor and very specific.
 Disposal: 93% of the country's municipalities have open dumps.
 Only 7% of the country's municipalities have landfills operating in
the regime of landfill with environmental license.
 There is no effective coordination among institutions related to
municipal solid waste.
 The country lacks a formal institutional structure related to the
area of ​​municipal solid waste.
CURRENT PROBLEMS

18.  Strengthen or create mechanisms of coordination to improve the
management of services shared between municipalities;
 Make an analysis of government agencies invest in the sector.
 Encourage the private sector, mainly in areas where the municipality
does not have resources to cover them.
 Hire qualified human resources and/or strengthen existing ones.
 Support and encourage the development of technologies that
contribute to solving the management, treatment or disposal of solid
waste.
 Ensure the sustainability of the services of solid waste management in
inner cities and rural areas through shared management between
community and municipality;
 Develop master plans for solid waste at the governorate level and
municipalities.
 Strengthen community organizations to promote public awareness
campaigns in relation to the appropriate home management of solid
waste (separation at source, minimization, recovery, reuse and
recycling);
WHAT CAN WE DO?

19. Recycler of Organic Material
(RMO®)
Bio digesters
Biogas
Composting
RDF
Recycling
Biomass
Energy Efficiency
Sanitary Landfills
WHAT CAN WE DO?

20. THAILAND
Area: 514,000 square kilometers lie in the
middle of mainland Southeast Asia
Climate: tropical wet and dry or savanna climate
type(tropical zone) The humidity is from 66% to
82.8%.
Population: 64 M (M 31 M, F 33 M)
Capital: Bangkok
 Department of Environmental Quality
Promotion
 Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment

21.  Special Environmental issues (Hot Issues!)
1 .Drought
2. Forest land use
3. Solid waste and hazardous waste
4. Energy
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN
THAILAND
HOW TO IMPROVE HOT ISSUES
1. Water Management
2. Forest communities and Public training
3. Decrease Environmental harmful product
4. Waste Utilization
5. Renewable energy

23. Integrated waste management system

26. HOW TO IMPROVE WASTE
SITUATION?
 Green consumption: The practice of using
environmentally friendly products. that do not cause risk for
human health and do not threaten the function of diversity
to natural ecosystems.
 3Rs
 Waste Utilization : Fertilize , Biogas, Biomass
 Renewable Energy : Solar, wind, energy crop