1. Egypt is known as one of the
greatest civilizations of the past.
For ancient Greeks it was a source
of all wisdom. Roman emperors
marveled at such monuments as
the pyramids, and in fact Egyptian
statues and obelisks were sent to
Rome. The worship of Egyptian
gods and goddesses like Isis and
Osiris spread as far as Britain.
Fascination with Egypt began in the
late 18th century and a vast
number of ancient towns, temples
and tombs have since been
excavated. No country in the world
can boast of many impressive
ancient remains as Egypt. The
Ancient Egyptians have indeed left
a wonderful legacy of art,
architecture and literature.

2. The Nile River is possibly the most
famous river in history. It was by its
banks that one of the oldest civilizations
in the world began. Not surprisingly, the
Nile teems with life. Many different
types of animals, birds, and fish all call
the Nile River home. Hundreds of years
ago, even hippos and lions could be
found here in the Nile Valley.
Length: (From White Nile Source to
Mouth) 6695km (4184 miles).
Sources: The White Nile: Lake Victoria,
Uganda. The Blue Nile: Lake Tana,
Ethiopia.
Cities: The major cities that are located
on the edge of the Nile and White Nile
are: Cairo, Gondokoro, Khartoum,
Aswan, Thebes/Luxor, Karnak, and the
town of Alexandria lies near the Rozeta
branch.

3. Egypt was a cradle of civilization that allowed the same
basic language and culture to flourish for nearly 3,000
years. For most of this long history, Pharaoh was 'Lord of
the Two Lands' - the Nile valley and the broad Delta.
Each major pyramid was a tomb for a king of Egypt. The
pyramid complex was an economic engine too -
employing people and redistributing wealth. Thus the
pyramids were a major catalyst in the development of
Egypt as one of the world's first true state. The livestock
and produce from these estates was then passed on to
the workforce and to the priests and special classes of
people who served the pyramid complex. With the
building of the pyramids, new farms, ranches and whole
new towns were founded in the provinces.
The pyramids of Giza were built over the span of three
generations - by Khufu, his second reigning son Khafre,
and Menkaure. At Giza the pyramid reached its climax
and the standard features of the Old Kingdom pyramid
complex - the mortuary and valley temple - were
expanded and formalized.

4. The Great Pyramid of Khufu was called Akhet Khufu
'The Horizon of Khufu'. It contains about 2,300,000
blocks of stone, each of which is thought to weigh on
average 2.5 tons. Its base is 230.33m long, and it rose
to a height of 146.59m. The finished pyramid was
surrounded by a Turah limestone wall, over 8m high,
enclosing a court which was paved in limestone. Access
to this court could only be gained via the valley temple,
causeway and mortuary temple.
Khufu's pyramid has 3 Queen's pyramids built at the
front of the pyramid
The 1st pyramid is thought to have been built for
Queen Hetepheres, who was the wife of Sneferu and
probably the mother of Khufu. Texts in her burial
chamber referred to her as 'Daughter of the God' and
'Mother of the King'.
The 2nd pyramid might belong to Queen Meritetes who
lived through the reigns of Sneferu, Khufu and and
Khafre.
The 3rd pyramid, which is thought to have belonged to
Queen Henutsen, is the only one of the three Queen's
pyramids which still has its mortuary chapel still intact.

5. Khafre's pyramid, called 'Khafre is
Great', rose from a 705-foot wide
base to a height of 471 feet at an
angle of 53 ‫؛‬7 '. It has two
entrances, each opening onto a
descending passage that leads to
a chamber.
The smallest of the Giza Pyramids is that of Menkaure. The
pharoah, who ruled for at least 26 years, died before his
furerary complex was completed, and parts of it were
finished by his son Shepseskaf. Many additions were made to
the complex during the Fifth and Sixth dynasties, indicating
that, despite his untimely death, the king's cult flourished for
more than three centuries. Originally about 240 feet high, the
pyramid now measures 204 feet on a base of 357 feet wide.

6. The Sphinx on the other hand, stands alone, with no rivals either on site or
elsewhere among all the sphinxes of Egypt. Truly, this is the Great Sphinx, as well
as very likely being the first of the breed. The Great Sphinx started off as a knoll
of rock at the bottom of the Giza Plateau towards the valley of the Nile.
The Sphinx is carved out of the living rock, though parts of it have been repaired
with blocks of stone. The head is made of hard limestone of the same sort as was
quarried around the pyramids. The body on the other hand, is made of poorly
consolidated and therefore readily eroded limestone. The rock improves again at
the base of the monument, with a return to harder reef-formed limestone that has
allowed some carved details of the beast to remain visible after at least four-and-
a-half thousand years of natural and human attrition.
The monument was made from the start to point directly to sunrise.
The Great Sphinx is huge. The length of the body is more than 74 m; its height
from the floor of the enclosure to the top of the head some 20 m. The extreme
width of the face reaches over 4 m, the mouth being 2 m wide; the nose would
have been more than 1.5 m.

7. The Step Pyramid Complex of Djoser (also spelled Zozer) was built during the Third
Dynasty (ca. 2800 B.C.) in what is now Saqqara, Egypt. Djoser's Step Pyramid is
generally considered the first tomb in Egypt to be built entirely of stone
Saqqara was one of the main burial fields of the ancient city of Memphis, capital of
Ancient Egypt during the Old Kingdom. It is located some 40 kilometers from
Egypt’s modern day capital, Cairo. On a clear day, its most prominent monument,
the Step Pyramid of Djoser, can be seen from Giza, which lies some 17 kilometers
to the North, and from Dashur, which lies 10 kilometers to the South.

8. Two rectangular boat pits found on the south side of the Great Pyramid were
discovered in 1954, covered by huge limestone slabs, containing the
dismantled remains of two Royal Boats. It is thought that these boats
transported Khufu's body to his pyramid

9. Luxor is unique among the cities of the world. Wherever you tread, you feel you are
experiencing the past and the present at one and the same time. There is hardly a
place in the city that does not have a relic that tells of the grandeur of the Ancient
Egyptians several thousand years ago.
Luxor Temple built by the two pharaohs: Amenhotep III and Ramses II. The temple
was dedicated to Amun-Ra, whose marriage to Mut was celebrated annually, when
the sacred procession moved by boat from Karnak to Luxor Temple.

10. This is the greatest place of worship in history. It includes many singular temples,
dedicated to Amun, his wife (Mut), and their son (Khonsu), the moon deity. Since the
Arab conquest, it became known as “Al-Karnak" (The fort). The temple starts with the
avenue of the Rams, representing Amun: symbol of fertility and growth. Beneath the
rams' heads , small statues of Ramses II were carved.

11. These are the two tombs,
ordered by the kings and
queens of the New
Kingdom to be carved in
the rock-faces of the
valley so as to safeguard
them against grave-
robbers. The tomb is
composed of several
rooms and corridors
leading to the Burial
Chamber. The most
important of these tombs
are those of Tut-Ankh-
Amun, Ramses III, Seti I,
Ramses VI, Amenhotep II,
Hur-Moheb and Tuthmosis
III. The chief tombs of the
Valley of the Queens are
those of Queen Nefertiti
(Wife of ramses II).

12. This temple was built by
Queen Hatshepsut to perform
the ritesof the nether world.
Deir el-Bahari is a fairly recent
nomenclature from the 7th
century B.C. when the Copts
used it as a monastery. The
temple is composed of three
impressive rising terraces,
split by a road.

13. Abu Simbel is a temple built by Ramesses II (c.1279-1213 B.C.E.) in ancient Nubia, where he wished
to demonstrate his power and his divine nature. Four colossal (65 feet/20 meters high) statues of
him sit in pairs flanking the entrance. The head and torso of the statue to the left of the entrance fell
during ancient times, probably the result of an earthquake. This temple faces the east, and Re-
Horakhty, one manifestation of the sun god, is shown inside the niche directly above the entrance.
The alignment of the temple is such that twice a year the sun’s rays reach into the innermost
sanctuary to illuminate the seated statues of Ptah, Amun-Re, Ramesses II, and Re- Horakhty.

14. The Temple of Hathor at Abu Simbel was built by Ramesses
II (c.1279-1213 B.C.E.) to honor both Hathor as the
goddess of love/music and his wife Nefertari as the deified
queen. The facade, resembling a pylon, has six standing
colossal (over 33 feet/10 meters high) statues. On each
side of the entrance, two statues of Ramesses flank one of
Nefertari dressed as Hathor. The colossal statues are, in
turn, flanked by smaller statues of their children.

15. Between Aswan and
Luxor is located the
major Ptolemaic temple
of Edfu - the best
preserved major temple
in Egypt. The temple is
dedicated to the falcon
god Horus and was
built over a 180-year
period from 237 BC to
57 BC.

16. On a small island in the Nile near
Aswan stands the amazing Temple
of Isis at Philae. This monument is
possibly best known for the
international effort which moved it
in it's entirety to the island when
it's original location was
threatened by the change in water
level caused by the High Dam.

17. Golden Mummy Mask of King Tutankhamun.
The Egyptian museum in
Cairo was established by
the Egyptian government
in 1835. The present
museum building was
build in 1900, in the neo-
classical style by the
French architect Marcel
Dourgnon. The museum
exhibited collections now
exceed 120000 objects
ranges from pre historic
era to the Greco-Roman
period.
Museum

18. Some pictures of what you can seeSome pictures of what you can see
at the Egyptian Museumat the Egyptian Museum
Alabaster
Canopic Jar of
Tutankhamun
Beautiful
Falcon
Mummy Mask
Princess
Nofert
HatshepsutOrnate
mummy mask
bust of
Nefertiti
Face of Royalty

19. Over180 meters high , it is the most outstanding attraction of modern
Cairo. The first of the top two levels has a rotating restaurant and
cafeteria. Visitors can enjoy a panoramic view of Cairo from the
observation platform.
Cairo

20. Salah ad-Din built the Citadel in 1183 A. D. as the center of government, while
simultaneously extending and restoring the city fortifications, with the aim to
dominate Cairo from Mokattam Hills. This huge project was incomplete at his
death, and much work continued in later times. Cairo is the best preserved of all
Islamic cities, and substantial parts of Salah el-Din's structures remain today. In
spite of the impounding of the defensive towers, the Cairo Citadel is, from a
military point of view, slightly less substantial than the Citadel of Aleppo (In
syria), but it remains one of the most notable existing examples of Muslim
military architecture. The skilful masonry work, and the impressive vaulting in
particular have no precedent in Egypt.

23. in Sinai

24. in Sinai

25. In ancient Egypt the city and Library of Alexandria
was the meeting place where philosophical, spiritual,
and cosmological teachings flowed together to create
vital new syntheses and a flourishing cultural
environment.

26. Memorial of the
unknown soldier,
Alexandrian
This castle was build at the
original place of the miracolous
Lighthouse of Alexandria, one
of the seven ancient wonders.
Alexandrian Library Stanly Bridge

27. The simplicity of sun, sea and sand. The luxury of five-star hotels, water
sports, shopping and entertainment. This is Sharm el-Sheikh, one of the
most accessible and developed tourist resort communities on the Sinai
peninsula. All around are Bedouins, colorful tents, mountains and sea. There
are small, intimate hotels with modern designs, as well as larger hotel
complexes belonging to International chains, plus about all the amenities
one could expect of a tourist center, including casinos, discos and
nightclubs, golf courses and health facilities. In fact, with diving and
snorkeling, windsurfing and other water sports, horses and camel riding,
desert safaris, and great nearby antiquities attractions, it is almost
impossible for a visitor to ever suffer from boredom.

28. In Neama Bay, Sharm El Sheikh
Neama Beach is one of the center of the tourist activities. Located just north of
Sharm, this area is developing into a resort town of its own. Most hotels at
Neama Bay have their own, private beaches with comfortable amenities such as
chairs, shades and even bars.

29. Some of the great treasures located
under the Red Sea

37. Best Regards,
Designed by,Mariana Samir
Operations Secretary, Kodak (Egypt)